2021
Online
241.
Bernard, Alexander; Bartelds, Michiel; Rojas, Cristobal Marin; Moss, Christin; Ucar, Ece
Conspiracy theories in the age of Covid-19. A comparative analysis of France and the UK. Online
Science Po 2021.
@online{Bernard2021,
title = {Conspiracy theories in the age of Covid-19. A comparative analysis of France and the UK.},
author = {Alexander Bernard and Michiel Bartelds and Cristobal Marin Rojas and Christin Moss and Ece Ucar},
url = {https://fonio.medialab.sciences-po.fr/alaris/read/99fd5a0c-42e3-483a-991c-15de519db3db?lang=en},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-01},
organization = {Science Po},
abstract = {Since its beginning, the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the world order. Other than showing the flaws in health care systems worldwide, the crisis also unveiled a number of deeply rooted conspiracy theories that either linked the Covid-19 pandemic to existing conspiratory frames or designed new theories around the pandemic.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Since its beginning, the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the world order. Other than showing the flaws in health care systems worldwide, the crisis also unveiled a number of deeply rooted conspiracy theories that either linked the Covid-19 pandemic to existing conspiratory frames or designed new theories around the pandemic.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.
242.
Bento, Nuno; Fontes, Margarida
Legitimacy and Guidance in Upscaling Energy Technology Innovations Online
SCTE-IUL 2021, visited: 28.02.2021.
@online{Bento2021,
title = {Legitimacy and Guidance in Upscaling Energy Technology Innovations},
author = {Nuno Bento and Margarida Fontes},
url = {https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/21960/4/WP_2021-01.pdf},
doi = {10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.01},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-28},
urldate = {2021-02-28},
organization = {SCTE-IUL},
abstract = {The paper aims to improve the understanding about the role of expectations and key innovation processes, such as legitimation and guidance, in the upscaling of low-carbon innovations. We analyze roadmaps developed for floating offshore wind energy to investigate how actors prepare for system growth. We focus on how roadmaps contribute to the formation and sharing of expectations through their influence on system acceptability (legitimacy) and attractiveness (guidance), enabling access to crucial resources. The analysis reveals that institutional and technological context affect guidance, namely a higher external openness as technology matures and governments are involved. An actors’ survey finds that overpromising reduces roadmaps impact on expectations. Analyses of media coverage and Internet searches show that roadmaps affect public perceptions indirectly, through the promotion of experiments. Implications include new directions for conceptualizing legitimacy, guidance and expectations in technological innovation systems, as well as recommendations for managing key processes in systems’ upscaling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The paper aims to improve the understanding about the role of expectations and key innovation processes, such as legitimation and guidance, in the upscaling of low-carbon innovations. We analyze roadmaps developed for floating offshore wind energy to investigate how actors prepare for system growth. We focus on how roadmaps contribute to the formation and sharing of expectations through their influence on system acceptability (legitimacy) and attractiveness (guidance), enabling access to crucial resources. The analysis reveals that institutional and technological context affect guidance, namely a higher external openness as technology matures and governments are involved. An actors’ survey finds that overpromising reduces roadmaps impact on expectations. Analyses of media coverage and Internet searches show that roadmaps affect public perceptions indirectly, through the promotion of experiments. Implications include new directions for conceptualizing legitimacy, guidance and expectations in technological innovation systems, as well as recommendations for managing key processes in systems’ upscaling.
243.
ten Oever, Niels; Maxigas,; Steffen, Bryan; Maragkou, Eleni; Provendier, Emile; Breuer, Emma; Lombardi, Giovanni; Valentini, Giulio; van der Heide, Jasper; Preuß, Jörn; Boboc, Roxana Varvara; Ashaghimina, Selin; Mignot, Sylvain; Fanzio, Veronica; Moretti, Veronica
Infodemic 5G : How Interpretative Frames are Co-articulated on Social Media? An Instagram versus Parler Case Study Online
(DMI), The Digital Methods Initiative (Ed.): 2021, visited: 28.01.2021.
@online{nokey,
title = {Infodemic 5G : How Interpretative Frames are Co-articulated on Social Media? An Instagram versus Parler Case Study},
author = {Niels ten Oever and Maxigas and Bryan Steffen and Eleni Maragkou and Emile Provendier and Emma Breuer and Giovanni Lombardi and Giulio Valentini and Jasper van der Heide and Jörn Preuß and Roxana Varvara Boboc and Selin Ashaghimina and Sylvain Mignot and Veronica Fanzio and Veronica Moretti},
editor = {The Digital Methods Initiative (DMI)},
url = {https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/WinterSchool2021Infodemic5G},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-28},
urldate = {2021-01-28},
abstract = {The main takeaways from this project are the differences in how 5G is discussed on mainstream and alternative platforms (Instagram vs. Parler) and the connection to the way 5G is represented by vendors and network operators. The key finding is that the vendors and network operators discuss 5G in vague terms, failing to create a concrete and meaningful imaginary that people can draw from. In this context, users from various platforms associated 5G with several issues, which vary across mainstream and alternative platforms. The main takeaway in this regard is that the discourse on Instagram is much more fragmented and lacks cohesion, leading to several clusters of themes with little to no connections between them. On the other hand, Parler hosts a much more coherent approach, where the discussion is much more concrete and related to politics and corporate figures. The project explores these various critical interpretative frames to gain a sense of how 5G is conceived by various communities versus how it is presented by manufacturers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The main takeaways from this project are the differences in how 5G is discussed on mainstream and alternative platforms (Instagram vs. Parler) and the connection to the way 5G is represented by vendors and network operators. The key finding is that the vendors and network operators discuss 5G in vague terms, failing to create a concrete and meaningful imaginary that people can draw from. In this context, users from various platforms associated 5G with several issues, which vary across mainstream and alternative platforms. The main takeaway in this regard is that the discourse on Instagram is much more fragmented and lacks cohesion, leading to several clusters of themes with little to no connections between them. On the other hand, Parler hosts a much more coherent approach, where the discussion is much more concrete and related to politics and corporate figures. The project explores these various critical interpretative frames to gain a sense of how 5G is conceived by various communities versus how it is presented by manufacturers.
PhD Theses
244.
Poletti, Chiara
Global freedoms and viral harms: The controversy around governance of speech and social media. PhD Thesis
Cardiff University, 2021.
@phdthesis{Poletti2021,
title = {Global freedoms and viral harms: The controversy around governance of speech and social media.},
author = {Chiara Poletti},
url = {https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/145885},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-03},
school = {Cardiff University},
abstract = {In the study I address the controversy surrounding the governance of speech and social media communications. In less than 15 years, the regulation of content on social media platforms has increasingly taken over public discussions all over the globe. Social media’s charming narrative of ‘liberation technology’ and space of free speech, has progressively switched into the frightening character of ‘threat to democracy’ and space of hate speech and fake information. Whichever idea one might be leaning on, the diffusion and entanglement of social media platforms with every aspect of our society has made content regulation on social media a global public issue.
Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the
paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
In the study I address the controversy surrounding the governance of speech and social media communications. In less than 15 years, the regulation of content on social media platforms has increasingly taken over public discussions all over the globe. Social media’s charming narrative of ‘liberation technology’ and space of free speech, has progressively switched into the frightening character of ‘threat to democracy’ and space of hate speech and fake information. Whichever idea one might be leaning on, the diffusion and entanglement of social media platforms with every aspect of our society has made content regulation on social media a global public issue.
Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the
paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.
Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the
paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.
Technical Reports
245.
van der Pol, Johannes; Rameshkoumar, Jean Paul; Dhuit, Ines
L’Impact du financement de la recherche : La 5G Technical Report
2021, (hal-03523279).
@techreport{vanderPol2021,
title = {L’Impact du financement de la recherche : La 5G},
author = {Johannes van der Pol and Jean Paul Rameshkoumar and Ines Dhuit},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03523279v1},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-22},
abstract = {L’objectif de ce rapport est d’analyser l’impact du financement de la recherche dans le domaine de la 5G. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous commençons par identifier les sources de financements des acteurs français à partir des communications scientifiques. Par une étude comparative des communications financées et non-financées nous analysons l’impact des financements sur l’excellence de la recherche, sur les écosystèmes et sur les thématiques traitées.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.},
note = {hal-03523279},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’objectif de ce rapport est d’analyser l’impact du financement de la recherche dans le domaine de la 5G. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous commençons par identifier les sources de financements des acteurs français à partir des communications scientifiques. Par une étude comparative des communications financées et non-financées nous analysons l’impact des financements sur l’excellence de la recherche, sur les écosystèmes et sur les thématiques traitées.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.
246.
Toffolini, Quentin
Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ». Technical Report
INRAE UMR Agronomie 2021.
@techreport{Toffolini2021,
title = { Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ».},
author = {Quentin Toffolini},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527/file/2021-05-11-analyse-semantique-IO-rapport-diff.pdf},
doi = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-16},
institution = {INRAE UMR Agronomie},
abstract = {Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation) },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
247.
Demortain, David; Féron, Aurélien; Barbier, Marc
La littérature scientifique sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires. Une analyse scientométrique. Technical Report
ANSES 2021.
@techreport{Demortain2021,
title = {La littérature scientifique sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires. Une analyse scientométrique.},
author = {David Demortain and Aurélien Féron and Marc Barbier},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/RapportFinal-CRD_Radiofrequences_ANSES-LISIS-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-09},
institution = {ANSES},
abstract = {Le sujet des radiofréquences et de la santé est un sujet qui a été examiné à différentes reprises ces vingt dernières années, que soit par l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire et du Travail, ou l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES). Les différents rapports d’expertise produit sont concerné les effets sanitaires des radiofréquences (2009, 2013), les débits d’absorption spécifiques (2019), l’exposition des enfants aux radiofréquences (2016), les compteurs communicants(2017), l’électro-hypersensibilité(2018). Chacun des rapports a mobilisé des spécialités scientifiques diverses, de la dosimétrie à la biologie des radiations, en passant par la bio-électromagnétique et l’épidémiologie.Si l’on représente les aires bibliographiques plus ou moins larges que représente chaque rapport, on obtient l’image d’un champ de recherche particulièrement vaste et composite. Les rapports ont utilisé un ensemble de références communes, qui incarnent le cœur ou les cœurs du sujet.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Le sujet des radiofréquences et de la santé est un sujet qui a été examiné à différentes reprises ces vingt dernières années, que soit par l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire et du Travail, ou l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES). Les différents rapports d’expertise produit sont concerné les effets sanitaires des radiofréquences (2009, 2013), les débits d’absorption spécifiques (2019), l’exposition des enfants aux radiofréquences (2016), les compteurs communicants(2017), l’électro-hypersensibilité(2018). Chacun des rapports a mobilisé des spécialités scientifiques diverses, de la dosimétrie à la biologie des radiations, en passant par la bio-électromagnétique et l’épidémiologie.Si l’on représente les aires bibliographiques plus ou moins larges que représente chaque rapport, on obtient l’image d’un champ de recherche particulièrement vaste et composite. Les rapports ont utilisé un ensemble de références communes, qui incarnent le cœur ou les cœurs du sujet.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.
248.
Loconto, Allison; Garrido-Garza, Francisco
Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Loconto2021,
title = {Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers},
author = {Allison Loconto and Francisco Garrido-Garza},
url = {https://www.cortext.net/wp-content/uploads/agrikulti_final-report_25-01-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-25},
abstract = {Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
Workshops
249.
Barbier, Marc; Villard, Lionel
ANF TDM 2021 : Exploration documentaire et extraction d'information Workshop
2021.
@workshop{Barbier2021b,
title = {ANF TDM 2021 : Exploration documentaire et extraction d'information},
author = {Marc Barbier and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://anf-tdm-2021.sciencesconf.org/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-16},
urldate = {2021-11-16},
abstract = {Chaque année, le monde de la recherche accélère et développe sa production scientifique. L’apport massif de données et de publications, associé à la multiplication des canaux de diffusion, complexifie l'exploration de la littérature scientifique.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Chaque année, le monde de la recherche accélère et développe sa production scientifique. L’apport massif de données et de publications, associé à la multiplication des canaux de diffusion, complexifie l'exploration de la littérature scientifique.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.
250.
Fabo, Pablo Ruiz
Séance d’initiation à l’analyse de réseaux Workshop
2021.
@workshop{Fabo2021,
title = {Séance d’initiation à l’analyse de réseaux},
author = {Pablo Ruiz Fabo},
url = {https://e-diffusion.uha.fr/video/4048-j5-pablo-ruiz-fabo-seance-dinitiation-a-lanalyse-de-reseaux/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-28},
abstract = {Les réseaux constituent une structure pratique pour représenter des données relationnelles de façon à donner un aperçu de groupes et interactions. Dans l’atelier nous regarderons quelques caractéristiques des réseaux ainsi que des outils qui permettent de les tracer et analyser, comme Cytoscape ou Gephi. Une application des réseaux à l’analyse textuelle avec l’outil CorText Manager sera également montrée.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Les réseaux constituent une structure pratique pour représenter des données relationnelles de façon à donner un aperçu de groupes et interactions. Dans l’atelier nous regarderons quelques caractéristiques des réseaux ainsi que des outils qui permettent de les tracer et analyser, comme Cytoscape ou Gephi. Une application des réseaux à l’analyse textuelle avec l’outil CorText Manager sera également montrée.
2020
Journal Articles
251.
Rikap, Cecilia; Flacher, David
Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model Journal Article
In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol. 55, pp. 59-73, 2020.
@article{Rikap2020b,
title = {Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model},
author = {Cecilia Rikap and David Flacher},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.06.004},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
urldate = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Structural Change and Economic Dynamics},
volume = {55},
pages = {59-73},
abstract = {While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.
252.
Ubando, Aristotle T.; Rosario, Aaron Jules R. Del; Chen, Wei-Hsin; Culaba, Alvin B.
A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, 2020.
@article{Ubando2020b,
title = {A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery},
author = {Aristotle T. Ubando and Aaron Jules R. Del Rosario and Wei-Hsin Chen and Alvin B. Culaba},
url = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.inshs.bib.cnrs.fr/science/article/pii/S026974912036838X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116149},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-20},
urldate = {2020-11-20},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
abstract = {Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the gen- eration of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the gen- eration of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.
253.
Bai, Yang; Li, Hongxiu; Liu, Yong
Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E‐learning field: 1999–2018 Journal Article
In: Scientometrics, 2020.
@article{Bai2020,
title = {Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E‐learning field: 1999–2018},
author = {Yang Bai and Hongxiu Li and Yong Liu},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-19},
urldate = {2020-11-19},
journal = {Scientometrics},
abstract = {This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of major research themes and trends in e-learning research. A co-word analysis is applied for the analysis of the 21,656 keywords collected from 7214 articles published in 10 journals in the field of e-learning from the years 1999 to 2018. Specifically, a cluster analysis, social network analysis, strategic diagram, and graph theory were applied in the analysis for two time periods: 1999–2008 and 2009–2018. The study detects the bridging, popular, and core topics in e-learning research for the two periods. The research results indicate that e-learning research has undergone a health evolution over the past two decades. There is a temporal continuity of e-learning research because some research topics have kept their continuity over the studied 20 years. Meanwhile, the research traditions in the e-learning field are also continuously evolving with the development of new technologies. The results also offer useful hints on the future direction of how the field may evolve.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of major research themes and trends in e-learning research. A co-word analysis is applied for the analysis of the 21,656 keywords collected from 7214 articles published in 10 journals in the field of e-learning from the years 1999 to 2018. Specifically, a cluster analysis, social network analysis, strategic diagram, and graph theory were applied in the analysis for two time periods: 1999–2008 and 2009–2018. The study detects the bridging, popular, and core topics in e-learning research for the two periods. The research results indicate that e-learning research has undergone a health evolution over the past two decades. There is a temporal continuity of e-learning research because some research topics have kept their continuity over the studied 20 years. Meanwhile, the research traditions in the e-learning field are also continuously evolving with the development of new technologies. The results also offer useful hints on the future direction of how the field may evolve.
254.
Gauld, Christophe; Franchi, Jean-Arthur M.
Analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique du concept de psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision Journal Article
In: L'Encéphale, 2020, ISSN: 0013-7006.
@article{Gaulda2020,
title = {Analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique du concept de psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision},
author = {Christophe Gauld and Jean-Arthur M. Franchi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013700620302360},
doi = { https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.008},
issn = {0013-7006},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-12},
urldate = {2020-11-12},
journal = {L'Encéphale},
abstract = {Objectifs. – La médecine personnalisée et de précision nécessite une clarification des concepts qui y sont rattachés. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’exploration systématique de la littérature portant sur les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision et sur leurs usages dans les domaines neuroscientifiques et génétiques. Cet article propose donc d’explorer les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectifs. – La médecine personnalisée et de précision nécessite une clarification des concepts qui y sont rattachés. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’exploration systématique de la littérature portant sur les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision et sur leurs usages dans les domaines neuroscientifiques et génétiques. Cet article propose donc d’explorer les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.
255.
Stefanija, Ana Pop; Pierson, Jo
Practical AI Transparency: Revealing Datafication and Algorithmic Identities Journal Article
In: Journal of Digital Social Research, vol. 2, no. 3, 2020.
@article{Stefanija2020,
title = {Practical AI Transparency: Revealing Datafication and Algorithmic Identities},
author = {Ana Pop Stefanija and Jo Pierson},
url = {https://www.jdsr.io/articles/2020/11/8/practical-ai-transparency-revealing-datafication-and-algorithmic-identities},
doi = {10.33621/jdsr.v2i3.32},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-09},
urldate = {2020-11-09},
journal = {Journal of Digital Social Research},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
abstract = {How does one do research on algorithms and their outputs when confronted with the inherent algorithmic opacity and black box-ness as well as with the limitations of API-based research and the data access gaps imposed by platforms’ gate-keeping practices? This article outlines the methodological steps we undertook to manoeuvre around the above-mentioned obstacles. It is a “byproduct” of our investigation into datafication and the way how algorithmic identities are being produced for personalisation, ad delivery and recommendation. Following Paßmann and Boersma’s (2017) suggestion for pursuing “practical transparency” and focusing on particular actors, we experiment with different avenues of research. We develop and employ an approach of letting the platforms speak and making the platforms speak. In doing so, we also use non-traditional research tools, such as transparency and regulatory tools, and repurpose them as objects of/for study. Empirically testing the applicability of this integrated approach, we elaborate on the possibilities it offers for the study of algorithmic systems, while being aware and cognizant of its limitations and shortcomings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
How does one do research on algorithms and their outputs when confronted with the inherent algorithmic opacity and black box-ness as well as with the limitations of API-based research and the data access gaps imposed by platforms’ gate-keeping practices? This article outlines the methodological steps we undertook to manoeuvre around the above-mentioned obstacles. It is a “byproduct” of our investigation into datafication and the way how algorithmic identities are being produced for personalisation, ad delivery and recommendation. Following Paßmann and Boersma’s (2017) suggestion for pursuing “practical transparency” and focusing on particular actors, we experiment with different avenues of research. We develop and employ an approach of letting the platforms speak and making the platforms speak. In doing so, we also use non-traditional research tools, such as transparency and regulatory tools, and repurpose them as objects of/for study. Empirically testing the applicability of this integrated approach, we elaborate on the possibilities it offers for the study of algorithmic systems, while being aware and cognizant of its limitations and shortcomings.
256.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
Mapping the research domains on work in agriculture. A bibliometric review from Scopus database Journal Article
In: Journal of Rural Studies, 2020, ISSN: 0743-0167.
@article{Malanski2020b,
title = {Mapping the research domains on work in agriculture. A bibliometric review from Scopus database},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016720311864},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.050},
issn = {0743-0167},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-27},
urldate = {2020-10-27},
journal = {Journal of Rural Studies},
abstract = {Near to half of world population lives in rural areas, and agriculture is responsible for 28% of global employment. Structural changes in agriculture impacting labor and the low attractivity of employment and working conditions in this sector are the major issues for the permanence and renewal of the rural workforce. Promoting decent work is essential to reach sustainable development. According to the ILO definition, decent work involves a wide range of conditions linked between them that include and go beyond farming work (e.g. gender equity, workplace security, fair income, among others). This complex situation requires for scientists the analysis of the diverse topics, as well as the development of interdisciplinary approaches to deal with this diversity. A review of the scientific literature is necessary to summarize the knowledge that has been produced and identify the current trends related to work in agriculture. In order to provide a background in this topic, the aim of this study was to review the state of the international literature related to work in agriculture, through a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in Scopus bibliographical database. Our findings show that USA, UK, France and China are the leaders in the scientific landscape according to: geographical production of knowledge, main journals and authors, and most-cited articles. The analysis of work in agriculture is declined in five main research domains: 1) social issues in rural areas; 2) labor market; 3) household strategies of labor allocation, 4) work organization in livestock farms; and 5) occupational health in farms. These research domains are investigated by four main scientific communities that prevail in the international literature: 1) agricultural economics; 2) ergonomics; 3) social issues for rural development; and 5) livestock farming systems. Besides those mainstream research, three major research trends emerged: 1) migration and precarious employment condition; 2) work issues in advisory services; and 3) labor governance in global value chains. These trends reflect ongoing transformations in agriculture that are important to think about the future of the work in this sector and its impacts on sustainable development. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities that have performed the most relevant research indexed in Scopus database related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review offers an overview in an interdisciplinary topic, and provides a benchmark for future cutting-edge research. The ILO definition of decent work can be a guideline for focus and deepen specific topics, since our findings indicate that several of them are linked to work-related issues in agriculture, which could support sustainable development on this sector.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Near to half of world population lives in rural areas, and agriculture is responsible for 28% of global employment. Structural changes in agriculture impacting labor and the low attractivity of employment and working conditions in this sector are the major issues for the permanence and renewal of the rural workforce. Promoting decent work is essential to reach sustainable development. According to the ILO definition, decent work involves a wide range of conditions linked between them that include and go beyond farming work (e.g. gender equity, workplace security, fair income, among others). This complex situation requires for scientists the analysis of the diverse topics, as well as the development of interdisciplinary approaches to deal with this diversity. A review of the scientific literature is necessary to summarize the knowledge that has been produced and identify the current trends related to work in agriculture. In order to provide a background in this topic, the aim of this study was to review the state of the international literature related to work in agriculture, through a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in Scopus bibliographical database. Our findings show that USA, UK, France and China are the leaders in the scientific landscape according to: geographical production of knowledge, main journals and authors, and most-cited articles. The analysis of work in agriculture is declined in five main research domains: 1) social issues in rural areas; 2) labor market; 3) household strategies of labor allocation, 4) work organization in livestock farms; and 5) occupational health in farms. These research domains are investigated by four main scientific communities that prevail in the international literature: 1) agricultural economics; 2) ergonomics; 3) social issues for rural development; and 5) livestock farming systems. Besides those mainstream research, three major research trends emerged: 1) migration and precarious employment condition; 2) work issues in advisory services; and 3) labor governance in global value chains. These trends reflect ongoing transformations in agriculture that are important to think about the future of the work in this sector and its impacts on sustainable development. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities that have performed the most relevant research indexed in Scopus database related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review offers an overview in an interdisciplinary topic, and provides a benchmark for future cutting-edge research. The ILO definition of decent work can be a guideline for focus and deepen specific topics, since our findings indicate that several of them are linked to work-related issues in agriculture, which could support sustainable development on this sector.
257.
Bordignon, Frederique
A scientometric review of permafrost research based on textual analysis (1948-2020) Journal Article
In: Scientometrics, 2020.
@article{Bordignon2020,
title = {A scientometric review of permafrost research based on textual analysis (1948-2020)},
author = {Frederique Bordignon},
url = {https://rdcu.be/b8FBh
http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/d8gvm96ykm.1
https://hal-enpc.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02963536v1},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03747-4},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-17},
urldate = {2020-10-17},
journal = {Scientometrics},
abstract = {This article proposes an analysis of research dedicated to permafrost. Its originality is twofold: it covers a corpus (n=16,249) that has never been reviewed before and also makes use of a methodology based on successive textual analysis processes. With the text-mining of additional corpuses, we produce lists of qualified terms to fine-tune the indexing of the main corpus and isolate relevant terminology dedicated to infrastructure and soil properties. With these enrichments combined with other terminological extractions (such as place names recognition), we reveal the internal structure of permafrost research with the help of visual mapping and easily prove that permafrost research is multidisciplinary and multi-topical The semantic map and the diachronic analysis of terms clusters show that the interest had turned since the 1980s towards the role of climate change but also on China's needs for its highway and railway construction sites. The very strong and growing impact of Chinese research, focused on the Tibetan area, is one of the highlights of our data. Furthermore, we propose a focus on infrastructure vulnerability and use soil properties as a proxy to measure the existing interactions between two distinct research communities. The results suggest that research has mainly focused so far on the feasibility of building on frozen ground and exploiting soils, but remains at an early stage of addressing the impact of global warming on infrastructure degradation and its resilience. This study offers insights to permafrost experts, but also provide a methodology that could be reused for other investigations. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article proposes an analysis of research dedicated to permafrost. Its originality is twofold: it covers a corpus (n=16,249) that has never been reviewed before and also makes use of a methodology based on successive textual analysis processes. With the text-mining of additional corpuses, we produce lists of qualified terms to fine-tune the indexing of the main corpus and isolate relevant terminology dedicated to infrastructure and soil properties. With these enrichments combined with other terminological extractions (such as place names recognition), we reveal the internal structure of permafrost research with the help of visual mapping and easily prove that permafrost research is multidisciplinary and multi-topical The semantic map and the diachronic analysis of terms clusters show that the interest had turned since the 1980s towards the role of climate change but also on China's needs for its highway and railway construction sites. The very strong and growing impact of Chinese research, focused on the Tibetan area, is one of the highlights of our data. Furthermore, we propose a focus on infrastructure vulnerability and use soil properties as a proxy to measure the existing interactions between two distinct research communities. The results suggest that research has mainly focused so far on the feasibility of building on frozen ground and exploiting soils, but remains at an early stage of addressing the impact of global warming on infrastructure degradation and its resilience. This study offers insights to permafrost experts, but also provide a methodology that could be reused for other investigations.
258.
Aviso, K. B.; Sy, C. L.; Tan, R. R.; Ubando, Aristotle T.
Fuzzy optimization of carbon management networks based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing Journal Article
In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 132, pp. 110035, 2020, ISSN: 1364-0321.
@article{Aviso2020,
title = {Fuzzy optimization of carbon management networks based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing},
author = {K.B. Aviso and C.L. Sy and R.R. Tan and Aristotle T. Ubando},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120303269},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110035},
issn = {1364-0321},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
volume = {132},
pages = {110035},
abstract = {A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation will be needed to mitigate climate change to a safe level. Residual biomass from agriculture is an underutilized energy source that can contribute to the needed emissions cut, but its geographic dispersion presents logistical problems. Direct and indirect co-firing of biomass in existing power plants presents a flexible means of utilizing this resource. Indirect co-firing of biomass with biochar co-production can even give greater reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the biochar is applied to soil as a form of carbon sequestration. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model is developed for optimizing a carbon management network based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing, coupled with biochar application to soil for the latter case. The model can match biomass sources to power plants; the power plants that use indirect co-firing are also matched to biochar application sites. The model is illustrated using a case study representative of a developing country with an agriculture-intensive economy. Results show that not all powerplants need to implement co-firing to reach a balance between reducing GHG emissions and the risk of introducing contaminants in soil. The model provides effective decision support for decarbonizing power generation, particularly in developing countries that still make use of coal-fired power plants and which have abundant biomass resources in the form of agricultural waste.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation will be needed to mitigate climate change to a safe level. Residual biomass from agriculture is an underutilized energy source that can contribute to the needed emissions cut, but its geographic dispersion presents logistical problems. Direct and indirect co-firing of biomass in existing power plants presents a flexible means of utilizing this resource. Indirect co-firing of biomass with biochar co-production can even give greater reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the biochar is applied to soil as a form of carbon sequestration. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model is developed for optimizing a carbon management network based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing, coupled with biochar application to soil for the latter case. The model can match biomass sources to power plants; the power plants that use indirect co-firing are also matched to biochar application sites. The model is illustrated using a case study representative of a developing country with an agriculture-intensive economy. Results show that not all powerplants need to implement co-firing to reach a balance between reducing GHG emissions and the risk of introducing contaminants in soil. The model provides effective decision support for decarbonizing power generation, particularly in developing countries that still make use of coal-fired power plants and which have abundant biomass resources in the form of agricultural waste.
259.
Rikap, Cecilia
Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation Journal Article
In: Competition & Change, 2020.
@article{Rikap2020,
title = {Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation },
author = {Cecilia Rikap},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529420932418},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-17},
journal = {Competition & Change},
abstract = {This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon’s financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon’s economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon’s innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon’s innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon’s profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon’s rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations’ political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon’s financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon’s economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon’s innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon’s innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon’s profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon’s rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations’ political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.
260.
Lu, Wei; Wang, Jiamin; Hu, Jiming
Analyzing the topic distribution and evolution of foreign relations from parliamentary debates: A framework and case study Journal Article
In: Information Processing & Management, vol. 55, no. 3, 2020.
@article{Wei2020,
title = {Analyzing the topic distribution and evolution of foreign relations from parliamentary debates: A framework and case study},
author = {Wei Lu and Jiamin Wang and Jiming Hu},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102191},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-01},
urldate = {2020-05-01},
journal = {Information Processing & Management},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
abstract = {Parliamentary texts are records of discussions of domestic and international affairs, which reflect national attitudes and development trends in foreign relations. In this paper, a research framework is proposed to analyze foreign relations on the basis of parliamentary texts. First, topic words are extracted from parliamentary texts, and then a co-word network is constructed to represent the correlation structure of topic words. The basic statistics, calculation of network indicators, community detection, and visualization of network maps and evolution venation, as well as the depiction of a strategic diagram, elucidate deeper characteristics and connotations of foreign relations. This case study on UK-China relations during the period of 2011-2017 using British parliamentary texts reveals the following findings. Over this period, UK-China relations changed in terms of the topics involved, topics which are greatly unbalanced in distribution, but are quite concentrated. Five different directions exist, centering on Trade, Human rights, Nuclear, Steel, and Visa. The evolution of topics includes merging and differentiation. A minority of topics exhibit marked continuity, which constitute the main focal points discussed each year, such as Economy and Trade. Regarding development trends, themes related to trade and steel remain focal points in UK-China relations. Overall, the framework proposed in this paper is proven to be both effective and feasible, and its application through this case study can foster a deeper understanding of the status and development of UK-China relations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parliamentary texts are records of discussions of domestic and international affairs, which reflect national attitudes and development trends in foreign relations. In this paper, a research framework is proposed to analyze foreign relations on the basis of parliamentary texts. First, topic words are extracted from parliamentary texts, and then a co-word network is constructed to represent the correlation structure of topic words. The basic statistics, calculation of network indicators, community detection, and visualization of network maps and evolution venation, as well as the depiction of a strategic diagram, elucidate deeper characteristics and connotations of foreign relations. This case study on UK-China relations during the period of 2011-2017 using British parliamentary texts reveals the following findings. Over this period, UK-China relations changed in terms of the topics involved, topics which are greatly unbalanced in distribution, but are quite concentrated. Five different directions exist, centering on Trade, Human rights, Nuclear, Steel, and Visa. The evolution of topics includes merging and differentiation. A minority of topics exhibit marked continuity, which constitute the main focal points discussed each year, such as Economy and Trade. Regarding development trends, themes related to trade and steel remain focal points in UK-China relations. Overall, the framework proposed in this paper is proven to be both effective and feasible, and its application through this case study can foster a deeper understanding of the status and development of UK-China relations.
261.
Macq, Hadrien; Tancoigne, Elise; Strasser, Bruno
From Deliberation to Production: Public Participation in Science and Technology Policies of the European Commission (1998–2019) Journal Article
In: Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2020.
@article{Macq2020,
title = {From Deliberation to Production: Public Participation in Science and Technology Policies of the European Commission (1998–2019)},
author = {Hadrien Macq and Elise Tancoigne and Bruno Strasser},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2268/246902},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-020-09405-6},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-22},
urldate = {2020-04-22},
journal = {Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy},
abstract = {This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty- first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and tech- nology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innova- tion (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty- first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and tech- nology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innova- tion (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation.
262.
Marvuglia, Antonino; Havinga, Lisanne; Heidrich, Oliver; Fonseca, Jimeno; Gaitanie, Niki; Reckien, Diana
Advances and challenges in assessing urban sustainability: an advanced bibliometric review Journal Article
In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020.
@article{Marvuglia2020,
title = {Advances and challenges in assessing urban sustainability: an advanced bibliometric review},
author = {Antonino Marvuglia and Lisanne Havinga and Oliver Heidrich and Jimeno Fonseca and Niki Gaitanie and Diana Reckien},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109788},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-06},
urldate = {2020-03-06},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
abstract = {With nearly 70% of the world population expected to live in cities by 2050, assessing the sustainability of urban systems, both existing and future ones, is becoming increasingly relevant. Making cities more sustainable is a global priority, which is highlighted by ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ being listed as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) explores the implementation and assessment of policies and technologies that contribute to the transition to a sustainable, energy efficient and regenerative society. We organized the issue according to four main research themes: 1) Renewable Energy Systems (i.e., different types of systems, qualitative assessments and public acceptance); 2) Sustainable Built Environment (which includes construction, operation and refurbishment); 3) Multi-Scale Models (considering urban sustainability transition from building to districts, or cities and regions to multi-country comparisons and their scaling across different countries); and 4) Governance and Policy (climate change mitigation and adaptation plans/policies that are reported across countries, urban services and infrastructures).
This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With nearly 70% of the world population expected to live in cities by 2050, assessing the sustainability of urban systems, both existing and future ones, is becoming increasingly relevant. Making cities more sustainable is a global priority, which is highlighted by ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ being listed as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) explores the implementation and assessment of policies and technologies that contribute to the transition to a sustainable, energy efficient and regenerative society. We organized the issue according to four main research themes: 1) Renewable Energy Systems (i.e., different types of systems, qualitative assessments and public acceptance); 2) Sustainable Built Environment (which includes construction, operation and refurbishment); 3) Multi-Scale Models (considering urban sustainability transition from building to districts, or cities and regions to multi-country comparisons and their scaling across different countries); and 4) Governance and Policy (climate change mitigation and adaptation plans/policies that are reported across countries, urban services and infrastructures).
This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.
This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.
263.
Cardon, Vincent
Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research Journal Article
In: Science, Technology and Society, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 38-66, 2020.
@article{Cardon2020,
title = {Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research},
author = {Vincent Cardon},
doi = {10.1177/0971721819889918},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-03},
urldate = {2020-03-03},
journal = {Science, Technology and Society},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {38-66},
abstract = {One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.
264.
Lyu, Xiaoguang; Hu, Jiming; Dong, Weiguo; Xu, Xin
Intellectual Structure and Evolutionary Trends of Precision Medicine Research: Coword Analysis Journal Article
In: JMIR Med Inform, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. e11287, 2020, ISSN: 2291-9694.
@article{Lyu2020,
title = {Intellectual Structure and Evolutionary Trends of Precision Medicine Research: Coword Analysis},
author = {Xiaoguang Lyu and Jiming Hu and Weiguo Dong and Xin Xu},
url = {https://medinform.jmir.org/2020/2/e11287},
doi = {10.2196/11287},
issn = {2291-9694},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-04},
urldate = {2020-02-04},
journal = {JMIR Med Inform},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {e11287},
abstract = {Background: Precision medicine (PM) is playing a more and more important role in clinical practice. In recent years, the scale of PM research has been growing rapidly. Many reviews have been published to facilitate a better understanding of the status of PM research. However, there is still a lack of research on the intellectual structure in terms of topics. Objective: This study aimed to identify the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of PM research through the application of various social network analysis and visualization methods. Methods: The bibliographies of papers published between 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the statistics of keywords in the papers, a coword network was generated and used to calculate network indicators of both the entire network and local networks. Communities were then detected to identify subdirections of PM research. Topological maps of networks, including networks between communities and within each community, were drawn to reveal the correlation structure. An evolutionary graph and a strategic graph were finally produced to reveal research venation and trends in discipline communities. Results: The results showed that PM research involves extensive themes and, overall, is not balanced. A minority of themes with a high frequency and network indicators, such as Biomarkers, Genomics, Cancer, Therapy, Genetics, Drug, Target Therapy, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics, and Molecular, can be considered the core areas of PM research. However, there were five balanced theme directions with distinguished status and tendencies: Cancer, Biomarkers, Genomics, Drug, and Therapy. These were shown to be the main branches that were both focused and well developed. Therapy, though, was shown to be isolated and undeveloped. Conclusions: The hotspots, structures, evolutions, and development trends of PM research in the past ten years were revealed using social network analysis and visualization. In general, PM research is unbalanced, but its subdirections are balanced. The clear evolutionary and developmental trend indicates that PM research has matured in recent years. The implications of this study involving PM research will provide reasonable and effective support for researchers, funders, policymakers, and clinicians.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Precision medicine (PM) is playing a more and more important role in clinical practice. In recent years, the scale of PM research has been growing rapidly. Many reviews have been published to facilitate a better understanding of the status of PM research. However, there is still a lack of research on the intellectual structure in terms of topics. Objective: This study aimed to identify the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of PM research through the application of various social network analysis and visualization methods. Methods: The bibliographies of papers published between 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the statistics of keywords in the papers, a coword network was generated and used to calculate network indicators of both the entire network and local networks. Communities were then detected to identify subdirections of PM research. Topological maps of networks, including networks between communities and within each community, were drawn to reveal the correlation structure. An evolutionary graph and a strategic graph were finally produced to reveal research venation and trends in discipline communities. Results: The results showed that PM research involves extensive themes and, overall, is not balanced. A minority of themes with a high frequency and network indicators, such as Biomarkers, Genomics, Cancer, Therapy, Genetics, Drug, Target Therapy, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics, and Molecular, can be considered the core areas of PM research. However, there were five balanced theme directions with distinguished status and tendencies: Cancer, Biomarkers, Genomics, Drug, and Therapy. These were shown to be the main branches that were both focused and well developed. Therapy, though, was shown to be isolated and undeveloped. Conclusions: The hotspots, structures, evolutions, and development trends of PM research in the past ten years were revealed using social network analysis and visualization. In general, PM research is unbalanced, but its subdirections are balanced. The clear evolutionary and developmental trend indicates that PM research has matured in recent years. The implications of this study involving PM research will provide reasonable and effective support for researchers, funders, policymakers, and clinicians.
265.
Valese, Maria; Natta, Herbert
Digital Urban Narratives: The Images of the City in the Age of Big Data Journal Article
In: in-bo, vol. 11, no. 15, 2020, ISSN: 2036-1602.
@article{Valese2020,
title = {Digital Urban Narratives: The Images of the City in the Age of Big Data},
author = {Maria Valese and Herbert Natta},
url = {https://in-bo.unibo.it/article/view/10532/11698},
doi = {http://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-1602/10532},
issn = {2036-1602},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {in-bo},
volume = {11},
number = {15},
abstract = {The massive presence and use of digital technologies in urban areas generate a growing amount of data. This new knowledge, from one side, assigns to the city the new posthuman image of a smart system; from the other side, the polyphony of data-sources interferes with the narrative structure of the city, increasing its complexity and multiplying both the possibilities of its explorations as the management and design of its futures.
In fact, the integration of digital tools for the collection, analysis and visualization of data enables the simulation of possible transformation scenarios. But how this system of fluctuating parameters relates to the physical space of the city? How these multiple virtual possibilities change the urban narrative?
The intersection between digital mediation and physical urban space is the object of this paper, that moves from an interdisciplinary perspective, between narratology and urban design. We analyzed three case studies (Saint Petersburg, Bologna, Barcelona), representative of how the use of digital technologies transforms the representation of the city.
In Saint Petersburg we have reshaped the (semantic) landscape of the city through Instagram data; in Bologna we have followed the (digital) traces of the temporary community of students, investigating the interaction and interference between the ‘univercity’ and the physical urban environment; in Barcelona we have analyzed an urban fragment (the street of La Rambla), considering it as a microcosmos of data.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The massive presence and use of digital technologies in urban areas generate a growing amount of data. This new knowledge, from one side, assigns to the city the new posthuman image of a smart system; from the other side, the polyphony of data-sources interferes with the narrative structure of the city, increasing its complexity and multiplying both the possibilities of its explorations as the management and design of its futures.
In fact, the integration of digital tools for the collection, analysis and visualization of data enables the simulation of possible transformation scenarios. But how this system of fluctuating parameters relates to the physical space of the city? How these multiple virtual possibilities change the urban narrative?
The intersection between digital mediation and physical urban space is the object of this paper, that moves from an interdisciplinary perspective, between narratology and urban design. We analyzed three case studies (Saint Petersburg, Bologna, Barcelona), representative of how the use of digital technologies transforms the representation of the city.
In Saint Petersburg we have reshaped the (semantic) landscape of the city through Instagram data; in Bologna we have followed the (digital) traces of the temporary community of students, investigating the interaction and interference between the ‘univercity’ and the physical urban environment; in Barcelona we have analyzed an urban fragment (the street of La Rambla), considering it as a microcosmos of data.
In fact, the integration of digital tools for the collection, analysis and visualization of data enables the simulation of possible transformation scenarios. But how this system of fluctuating parameters relates to the physical space of the city? How these multiple virtual possibilities change the urban narrative?
The intersection between digital mediation and physical urban space is the object of this paper, that moves from an interdisciplinary perspective, between narratology and urban design. We analyzed three case studies (Saint Petersburg, Bologna, Barcelona), representative of how the use of digital technologies transforms the representation of the city.
In Saint Petersburg we have reshaped the (semantic) landscape of the city through Instagram data; in Bologna we have followed the (digital) traces of the temporary community of students, investigating the interaction and interference between the ‘univercity’ and the physical urban environment; in Barcelona we have analyzed an urban fragment (the street of La Rambla), considering it as a microcosmos of data.
Books
266.
Louvel, Séverine
Routledge, 2020, ISBN: 9780429201295.
@book{Louvel2020b,
title = {The policies and politics of interdisciplinary research: Nanomedicine in France and in the United States},
author = {Séverine Louvel},
url = {https://www.routledge.com/The-Policies-and-Politics-of-Interdisciplinary-Research-Nanomedicine-in/Louvel/p/book/9780367192433},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429201295},
isbn = {9780429201295},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-30},
urldate = {2020-11-30},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Interdisciplinary research centers are blooming in almost every university, and interdisciplinary research is expected to be a cure-all for the ills of academic science. Do disciplines still matter? To what extent are interdisciplinary problem-solving approaches driven by socioeconomic stakeholders and policymakers rather than by academics? And how is interdisciplinarity organized? Through an in-depth sociological study of the development of nanomedicine in France and in the United States – an area that combines nanotechnology and biomedical research – this book challenges two conventional views of interdisciplinary research and academic disciplines. First, disciplines do not merely form separate "siloes" which hinder the development of interdisciplinary research: rather, they are flexible entities whose evolution supports the long-term institutionalization of interdisciplinary science in French and US academia. Secondly, interdisciplinary research has no intrinsic virtue: its ability to respond to societal issues and advance knowledge depends on continued political support and long-term cooperation between stakeholders. Interdisciplinarity might also be threatened by oversold promises and struggles for recognition. A study of the many challenges facing the formation of creative and sustainable interdisciplinary scientific communities, The Policies and Politics of Interdisciplinary Research tackles vivid debates among academics and research managers and will appeal to scholars of sociology, science and technology studies and science policy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Interdisciplinary research centers are blooming in almost every university, and interdisciplinary research is expected to be a cure-all for the ills of academic science. Do disciplines still matter? To what extent are interdisciplinary problem-solving approaches driven by socioeconomic stakeholders and policymakers rather than by academics? And how is interdisciplinarity organized? Through an in-depth sociological study of the development of nanomedicine in France and in the United States – an area that combines nanotechnology and biomedical research – this book challenges two conventional views of interdisciplinary research and academic disciplines. First, disciplines do not merely form separate "siloes" which hinder the development of interdisciplinary research: rather, they are flexible entities whose evolution supports the long-term institutionalization of interdisciplinary science in French and US academia. Secondly, interdisciplinary research has no intrinsic virtue: its ability to respond to societal issues and advance knowledge depends on continued political support and long-term cooperation between stakeholders. Interdisciplinarity might also be threatened by oversold promises and struggles for recognition. A study of the many challenges facing the formation of creative and sustainable interdisciplinary scientific communities, The Policies and Politics of Interdisciplinary Research tackles vivid debates among academics and research managers and will appeal to scholars of sociology, science and technology studies and science policy.
Conferences
267.
Ding, Nian; Huang, Xiao
Research on the Evolution of Health Information Behavior From a Chinese Perspective Conference
2020, ISBN: 978-0-9981331-3-3.
@conference{Ding2020,
title = {Research on the Evolution of Health Information Behavior From a Chinese Perspective},
author = {Nian Ding and Xiao Huang},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/64146},
doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2020.404},
isbn = {978-0-9981331-3-3},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-07},
urldate = {2020-01-07},
abstract = {China has been undergoing a tremendous development in the reform of health system and it has great effects all the citizens and the nation as a whole. This paper aims to focus on the individuals from the aspect of information behavior. It is expected that the review on health information behavior could be conducted in a systematic way. Moreover, some statistical methods and software have been occupied in order to find out the entire progress of health information behavior. Specifically, both vertical and horizontal comparison have been conducted in this study, and scientometric methods have also be used. After a systematic and profound literature review, the whole progress has been explored and the main topics of great importance have been discovered. Moreover, highly cited papers and their relationship have also been revealed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
China has been undergoing a tremendous development in the reform of health system and it has great effects all the citizens and the nation as a whole. This paper aims to focus on the individuals from the aspect of information behavior. It is expected that the review on health information behavior could be conducted in a systematic way. Moreover, some statistical methods and software have been occupied in order to find out the entire progress of health information behavior. Specifically, both vertical and horizontal comparison have been conducted in this study, and scientometric methods have also be used. After a systematic and profound literature review, the whole progress has been explored and the main topics of great importance have been discovered. Moreover, highly cited papers and their relationship have also been revealed.
Proceedings Articles
268.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Souza, Mariana Augusta; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
Labor studies in agricultural value chains: a scientometric analysis from scopus Proceedings Article
In: SOBER 2020, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 2020.
@inproceedings{Malanski2020,
title = {Labor studies in agricultural value chains: a scientometric analysis from scopus},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Mariana Augusta de Souza and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi
},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343345088},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {SOBER 2020},
address = {Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil},
abstract = {Agricultural value chains are important to create rural employment. According to FAO, employment opportunities, increasing wages and high-job quality are crucial labor-related conditions to value chains sustainability. However, there is a gap in the literature gathering the specific contribution of value chains approaches to discussions on labor in agriculture. Our aim was to review the state of the international literature on labor in agricultural value chains. A scientometric analysis of the articles indexed in Scopus were performed. The main results were: 1) labor in agricultural value chains is a relative new scientific community lead by research developed by UK, USA, Germany and Kenya; 2) the reference authors, journals, institutions and articles were characterized; 3) the hotspots changed over the past 20 years; 4) researches are structured in six main research domains. Our scientometric review provides an overview about the main characteristics of a new rising scientific community focused in labor in agricultural value chain, as well as a synthesis of knowledge produced to support scientific innovation in this field. Regarding agriculture value chains agents, our results advance the importance of governance to improve employment relations and working conditions in farms in order to promote chain sustainability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Agricultural value chains are important to create rural employment. According to FAO, employment opportunities, increasing wages and high-job quality are crucial labor-related conditions to value chains sustainability. However, there is a gap in the literature gathering the specific contribution of value chains approaches to discussions on labor in agriculture. Our aim was to review the state of the international literature on labor in agricultural value chains. A scientometric analysis of the articles indexed in Scopus were performed. The main results were: 1) labor in agricultural value chains is a relative new scientific community lead by research developed by UK, USA, Germany and Kenya; 2) the reference authors, journals, institutions and articles were characterized; 3) the hotspots changed over the past 20 years; 4) researches are structured in six main research domains. Our scientometric review provides an overview about the main characteristics of a new rising scientific community focused in labor in agricultural value chain, as well as a synthesis of knowledge produced to support scientific innovation in this field. Regarding agriculture value chains agents, our results advance the importance of governance to improve employment relations and working conditions in farms in order to promote chain sustainability.
Masters Theses
269.
de Macedo, Marlene Ascensão
Ementas e Nomes de Restaurantesem Zona Turística do Funchal e de Santa Cruz de TenerifeUm olhar sobre a paisagem linguística Masters Thesis
Universidade da Madeir, 2020.
@mastersthesis{deMacedo2020,
title = {Ementas e Nomes de Restaurantesem Zona Turística do Funchal e de Santa Cruz de TenerifeUm olhar sobre a paisagem linguística},
author = {Marlene Ascensão de Macedo},
url = {https://digituma.uma.pt/handle/10400.13/3076
https://digituma.uma.pt/bitstream/10400.13/3076/1/Disserta%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20Trabalhada%20%c3%baltima%20revis%c3%a3o_24jun2020_VFINAL.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
school = {Universidade da Madeir},
abstract = {The present report is the result of a case study inspired on names of restaurants and their menus in two different touristic areas: Funchal (rua de Santa Maria and Largo do Corpo Santo) in Madeira Archipelago and Santa Cruz de Tenerife (avenida Anaga and rua Bethencourt de Alfonso) in the Canary Islands. The aim is to characterize the linguistic landscape of both zones through the names of the restaurants and its menus, comparing the two linguistic landscapes in order to establish similarities and differences between them. This work is constituted by a linguistic analysis and a sociological study of the mentioned corpora linguistics, identifying determinant reasons for these expressions of symbolic mediation. The islands (Madeira and Tenerife) preserve a remarkable tourist tradition and great promotion at the international level (see, among other means of dissemination, catalogs of travel agencies, guides sold annually before the high season, tourism fairs’ folds, social networks and others). The places with the highest flow of foreign tourists in August and September were compared both in the cities of Funchal and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The study compares these two linguistic landscapes, where both consumers have similar profiles (generation, origin, tastes for food and beverages, etc.) according to a preparatory research done by verbal consultation of the professionals of these establishments and the contemplated period of the day was the dinner time and the moments of the festivity that follows it, being this presentation based on sociological foundations that structure knowledge in the area. The methodological approach adopted followed the hypothetical-deductive method, based on a specific question: considering Madeira and Tenerife two different islands in Macaronesia with long tourist tradition, can the linguistic landscape of Funchal and Santa Cruz de Tenerife have similarities regarding the names of restaurants and their outdoor menus?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
The present report is the result of a case study inspired on names of restaurants and their menus in two different touristic areas: Funchal (rua de Santa Maria and Largo do Corpo Santo) in Madeira Archipelago and Santa Cruz de Tenerife (avenida Anaga and rua Bethencourt de Alfonso) in the Canary Islands. The aim is to characterize the linguistic landscape of both zones through the names of the restaurants and its menus, comparing the two linguistic landscapes in order to establish similarities and differences between them. This work is constituted by a linguistic analysis and a sociological study of the mentioned corpora linguistics, identifying determinant reasons for these expressions of symbolic mediation. The islands (Madeira and Tenerife) preserve a remarkable tourist tradition and great promotion at the international level (see, among other means of dissemination, catalogs of travel agencies, guides sold annually before the high season, tourism fairs’ folds, social networks and others). The places with the highest flow of foreign tourists in August and September were compared both in the cities of Funchal and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The study compares these two linguistic landscapes, where both consumers have similar profiles (generation, origin, tastes for food and beverages, etc.) according to a preparatory research done by verbal consultation of the professionals of these establishments and the contemplated period of the day was the dinner time and the moments of the festivity that follows it, being this presentation based on sociological foundations that structure knowledge in the area. The methodological approach adopted followed the hypothetical-deductive method, based on a specific question: considering Madeira and Tenerife two different islands in Macaronesia with long tourist tradition, can the linguistic landscape of Funchal and Santa Cruz de Tenerife have similarities regarding the names of restaurants and their outdoor menus?
Miscellaneous
270.
Vanderfeesten, Maurice; Spielberg, Eike; Hasse, Linda
Text Analyses of Survey Data on "Mapping Research Output to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)" Miscellaneous
2020, (Sustainable Development Goals SDG Classification model Search Queries SCOPUS Text indexingControlled vocabulary).
@misc{Vanderfeesten2020,
title = {Text Analyses of Survey Data on "Mapping Research Output to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)"},
author = {Maurice Vanderfeesten and Eike Spielberg and Linda Hasse},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832090},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3832090},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-01},
abstract = {This package contains data on five text analysis types (term extraction, contract analysis, topic modeling, network mapping), based on the survey data where researchers selected research output that are related to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is used as input to improve the current SDG classification model v4.0 to v5.0
Sustainable Development Goals are the 17 global challenges set by the United Nations. Within each of the goals specific targets and indicators are mentioned to monitor the progress of reaching those goals by 2030. In an effort to capture how research is contributing to move the needle on those challenges, we earlier have made an initial classification model than enables to quickly identify what research output is related to what SDG. (This Aurora SDG dashboard is the initial outcome as proof of practice.)
The initiative started from the Aurora Universities Network in 2017, in the working group "Societal Impact and Relevance of Research", to investigate and to make visible 1. what research is done that are relevant to topics or challenges that live in society (for the proof of practice this has been scoped down to the SDGs), and 2. what the effect or impact is of implementing those research outcomes to those societal challenges (this also have been scoped down to research output being cited in policy documents from national and local governments an NGO's).},
note = {Sustainable Development Goals SDG Classification model Search Queries SCOPUS Text indexingControlled vocabulary},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
This package contains data on five text analysis types (term extraction, contract analysis, topic modeling, network mapping), based on the survey data where researchers selected research output that are related to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is used as input to improve the current SDG classification model v4.0 to v5.0
Sustainable Development Goals are the 17 global challenges set by the United Nations. Within each of the goals specific targets and indicators are mentioned to monitor the progress of reaching those goals by 2030. In an effort to capture how research is contributing to move the needle on those challenges, we earlier have made an initial classification model than enables to quickly identify what research output is related to what SDG. (This Aurora SDG dashboard is the initial outcome as proof of practice.)
The initiative started from the Aurora Universities Network in 2017, in the working group "Societal Impact and Relevance of Research", to investigate and to make visible 1. what research is done that are relevant to topics or challenges that live in society (for the proof of practice this has been scoped down to the SDGs), and 2. what the effect or impact is of implementing those research outcomes to those societal challenges (this also have been scoped down to research output being cited in policy documents from national and local governments an NGO's).
Sustainable Development Goals are the 17 global challenges set by the United Nations. Within each of the goals specific targets and indicators are mentioned to monitor the progress of reaching those goals by 2030. In an effort to capture how research is contributing to move the needle on those challenges, we earlier have made an initial classification model than enables to quickly identify what research output is related to what SDG. (This Aurora SDG dashboard is the initial outcome as proof of practice.)
The initiative started from the Aurora Universities Network in 2017, in the working group "Societal Impact and Relevance of Research", to investigate and to make visible 1. what research is done that are relevant to topics or challenges that live in society (for the proof of practice this has been scoped down to the SDGs), and 2. what the effect or impact is of implementing those research outcomes to those societal challenges (this also have been scoped down to research output being cited in policy documents from national and local governments an NGO's).
Online
271.
Baciu, Robert; Bersezio, Ludovic; Béchet, Nathalie; Boboc, Roxana Varvara; (Doris), Yujie Dong; Stirum, Roline Van Limburg; Macpherson, Ava; Oettle, Josephine; Yedema, Emma
Who is /ourguy/?: Studying political Internet subcultures through their identification with public figures Online
(DMI), The Digital Methods Initiative (Ed.): 2020, visited: 30.01.2020.
@online{Baciu2020,
title = {Who is /ourguy/?: Studying political Internet subcultures through their identification with public figures},
author = {Robert Baciu and Ludovic Bersezio and Nathalie Béchet and Roxana Varvara Boboc and Yujie Dong (Doris) and Roline Van Limburg Stirum and Ava Macpherson and Josephine Oettle and Emma Yedema},
editor = {The Digital Methods Initiative (DMI)},
url = {https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/WinterSchool2020OurguyReddit},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-30},
urldate = {2020-01-30},
abstract = {The primary outcome of our research has been an approach to analysing the renegotiation and contestation of public figures, or /ourguy/, through the use of a 5 step protocol. The second aim was to showcase our model’s potential by doing a case study on political subreddits and looking at which public figures their communities discuss, as well as how they do so. The protocol allows for cross-subreddit and single-subreddit analysis and can easily be replicated for the study of other subreddits. To compile the protocol, we repurposed subreddit metrics to create a toolkit that allows us to characterize web communities. First the appropriate subreddits are selected based on a set of criteria, next we extract the most mentioned names in those subreddits using natural language processing. Then we make a selection of the relevant public figures among these names. After this we employ a twofold method of using contrast analysis and network mapping the subreddits. Lastly we generate and analyse word trees for a deeper understanding of how negotiations surrounding these public figures happen. This protocol is a useful framework for future subreddit analysis and shows that meaningful social research can still be conducted post-API.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The primary outcome of our research has been an approach to analysing the renegotiation and contestation of public figures, or /ourguy/, through the use of a 5 step protocol. The second aim was to showcase our model’s potential by doing a case study on political subreddits and looking at which public figures their communities discuss, as well as how they do so. The protocol allows for cross-subreddit and single-subreddit analysis and can easily be replicated for the study of other subreddits. To compile the protocol, we repurposed subreddit metrics to create a toolkit that allows us to characterize web communities. First the appropriate subreddits are selected based on a set of criteria, next we extract the most mentioned names in those subreddits using natural language processing. Then we make a selection of the relevant public figures among these names. After this we employ a twofold method of using contrast analysis and network mapping the subreddits. Lastly we generate and analyse word trees for a deeper understanding of how negotiations surrounding these public figures happen. This protocol is a useful framework for future subreddit analysis and shows that meaningful social research can still be conducted post-API.
PhD Theses
272.
Provençal, Josée
Le Développement durable comme signifiant vide:l’hétérogénéité de la question énergétique PhD Thesis
Université d’Ottawa, 2020.
@phdthesis{Provençal2020,
title = {Le Développement durable comme signifiant vide:l’hétérogénéité de la question énergétique},
author = {Josée Provençal},
url = {https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/40591/3/Provencal_Josee_2020_Th%C3%A8se.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
school = {Université d’Ottawa},
abstract = {Largement répandu au sein des populations, le concept de développement durable semble désormais incontestable, tout en étant critiqué pour l'ambiguïté de sa signification.Qu’est-ce qui se trouve exactement derrière le déploiement du discours politique relatif au développement durable ? Comment le discours sur le développement durable est-il devenu si dominant malgré le fait qu’il acquiert de nombreuses significations, parfois divergentes ? L’apport de cette thèse au discours sur le développement durable ne se trouve pas dans la présentation de l’édification et de l’institutionnalisation de ce concept, mais réside plutôt dans sa capacité à rendre visibles les conflits inhérents aux sens à donner au développement durable au sein du discours politique. Notre questionnement sur les sens attribués au développement durable vise dans un premier temps à comprendre si celui-ci est un signifiant vide ou flottant. Dans la présentation des luttes en cours pour le sens à octroyer au développement durable, cette thèse s’attarde au rôle qu’occupe l’énergie au sein de la signification du discours,un rôle souvent tenu pour acquis ou du moins peu énoncé. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps,nous cherchons à comprendre quel est le rôle occupé par l’énergie quant au cadrage (framing) du discours politique relatif au développement durable.La contribution de cette thèse est méthodologique, elle associe l’analyse discursive post structuraliste d’Ernesto Laclau et Chantal Mouffe à l’analyse quantitative de l’analyse des réseaux sémantiques. La clé de l’analyse discursive de Laclau et Mouffe s’inscrit dans l’importance qu’ils accordent au rôle de l’hégémonie au sein des luttes discursives à travers l’articulation du discours. L’analyse de réseau, pour sa part, rend visibles les agencements centraux à travers une structure centre-périphérie. Cela permet de faire émerger les luttes discursives en cours. Cette thèse cherche à saisir la nature des relations et des conflits qui structurent le sens attribué au développement durable. En faisant entendre les voix exclues et les voix qui en contestent l’articulation hégémonique, il devient possible de percevoir les antagonismes et les possibles recompositions du discours. Cette étude démontre que le sens attribué au développement durable est fixe et que l’énergie, bien qu’énoncée par plusieurs acteurs, n'acquiert qu’un caractère fragmenté. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Largement répandu au sein des populations, le concept de développement durable semble désormais incontestable, tout en étant critiqué pour l'ambiguïté de sa signification.Qu’est-ce qui se trouve exactement derrière le déploiement du discours politique relatif au développement durable ? Comment le discours sur le développement durable est-il devenu si dominant malgré le fait qu’il acquiert de nombreuses significations, parfois divergentes ? L’apport de cette thèse au discours sur le développement durable ne se trouve pas dans la présentation de l’édification et de l’institutionnalisation de ce concept, mais réside plutôt dans sa capacité à rendre visibles les conflits inhérents aux sens à donner au développement durable au sein du discours politique. Notre questionnement sur les sens attribués au développement durable vise dans un premier temps à comprendre si celui-ci est un signifiant vide ou flottant. Dans la présentation des luttes en cours pour le sens à octroyer au développement durable, cette thèse s’attarde au rôle qu’occupe l’énergie au sein de la signification du discours,un rôle souvent tenu pour acquis ou du moins peu énoncé. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps,nous cherchons à comprendre quel est le rôle occupé par l’énergie quant au cadrage (framing) du discours politique relatif au développement durable.La contribution de cette thèse est méthodologique, elle associe l’analyse discursive post structuraliste d’Ernesto Laclau et Chantal Mouffe à l’analyse quantitative de l’analyse des réseaux sémantiques. La clé de l’analyse discursive de Laclau et Mouffe s’inscrit dans l’importance qu’ils accordent au rôle de l’hégémonie au sein des luttes discursives à travers l’articulation du discours. L’analyse de réseau, pour sa part, rend visibles les agencements centraux à travers une structure centre-périphérie. Cela permet de faire émerger les luttes discursives en cours. Cette thèse cherche à saisir la nature des relations et des conflits qui structurent le sens attribué au développement durable. En faisant entendre les voix exclues et les voix qui en contestent l’articulation hégémonique, il devient possible de percevoir les antagonismes et les possibles recompositions du discours. Cette étude démontre que le sens attribué au développement durable est fixe et que l’énergie, bien qu’énoncée par plusieurs acteurs, n'acquiert qu’un caractère fragmenté.
273.
Stephens, Raphaël
Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien. PhD Thesis
Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020.
@phdthesis{Stephens2020,
title = {Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien.},
author = {Raphaël Stephens},
url = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02889441},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
school = {Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France},
abstract = {Le système alimentaire peut-il changer ? Critiques à l’égard du régime dominant la provision, des phénomènes alternatifs proposent, depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, d’améliorer la durabilité, la qualité et la transparence de la provision alimentaire en raccourcissant les liens entre producteurs et consommateurs. Les discours, les pratiques et les innovations de ces Alternative Food Networks (« AFN ») génèrent, à travers leurs multiples oppositions aux logiques du régime de provision alimentaire industriel, des frictions chez celui-ci. A l’aune de l’essor spectaculaire d’une variété assez hétéroclite d’AFN ces dernières années, ce régime développe crescendo des questionnements et des prises sur l’alimentation locale. La théorisation de ces frictions peut bénéficier avantageusement de l'approche multi-niveaux (Multi Level Perspective, ou « MLP »), cadre théorique et méthodologique de recherche en étude des transitions qui permet une lecture évolutionniste des régimes sociotechniques, notamment dans leurs rapports avec les niches d’innovations alternatives. Avec l’appui d’analyses sociohistoriques robustes et un travail de terrain, il est alors possible de réfléchir les modalités d’une transition du régime de provision alimentaire par le raccourcissement des relations entre producteurs et mangeurs.La thèse propose alors deux focales d’analyse : le régime de provision alimentaire ; et les réseaux alimentaires alternatifs. Elle fait appel à une méthodologie composite adressant des données de natures hétérogènes tirées de terrains distribués : analyse discursive par lexicométrie, analyse de traces numériques, étude d’agencements institutionnels, entretiens approfondis, observations de type ethnographique. A la recherche d’une théorisation de moyenne portée, la thèse cible, dans leurs questionnements locaux, des acteurs-clés représentatifs de plusieurs compétences du régime de provision : distribution ; filière fruits et légumes ; salons alimentaires. Les objets alternatifs étudiés rendent compte d’une multiplicité de formes d’existence. Parce-que ces alternatives sont partiellement imbriquées avec certains dispositifs du régime dominant, cela conduit la thèse vers l’étude approfondie de l’une d’entre elles, très particulière du fait :(i) de son architecture se trouvant à la croisée des alternatives alimentaires et de réseaux numériques-matériels portés par des plateformes technologiques, et (ii) d’une qualité de données assez inédite.A partir de cette approche empirique distribuée, la thèse contribue à la caractérisation d’une transition vers un régime de provision numérique-matériel axé sur la prosumption par customisation transparente. Présentant la fin des années 2000 comme point d’inflexion du régime, la conjonction d’une crise de modèle de provision avec l’explosion du numérique accompagné d'un foisonnement continu de revendications et de pratiques alternatives, semblent en mesure d’accélérer un chemin de transition par reconfiguration du régime. Les prémices de cette reconfiguration se manifestent à travers de multiples évolutions discursives observées au sein du régime, ainsi que dans l’incorporation et l’agencement, en son sein, de phénomènes alternatifs qui participent crescendo à la caractérisation de nouvelles priorités qui redéfinissent les spécifications des aliments, les pratiques de provision, et les flux de provision. La valeur accrue de produits alimentaires enrichis de nouvelles spécifications alternatives véhiculées au travers de nouvelles proximités virtuelles et matérielles intiment ainsi au régime des interrogations sur le potentiel que présente le raccourcissement. Effectuant une confluence de trois champs d’études (transitions ; alternatives alimentaires ; prosumption) relativement peu liés jusque lors, la thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives de recherche sur les capacités de tels marchés raccourcis à capter l’attention de prosumers alimentaires eux-aussi en plein essor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Le système alimentaire peut-il changer ? Critiques à l’égard du régime dominant la provision, des phénomènes alternatifs proposent, depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, d’améliorer la durabilité, la qualité et la transparence de la provision alimentaire en raccourcissant les liens entre producteurs et consommateurs. Les discours, les pratiques et les innovations de ces Alternative Food Networks (« AFN ») génèrent, à travers leurs multiples oppositions aux logiques du régime de provision alimentaire industriel, des frictions chez celui-ci. A l’aune de l’essor spectaculaire d’une variété assez hétéroclite d’AFN ces dernières années, ce régime développe crescendo des questionnements et des prises sur l’alimentation locale. La théorisation de ces frictions peut bénéficier avantageusement de l'approche multi-niveaux (Multi Level Perspective, ou « MLP »), cadre théorique et méthodologique de recherche en étude des transitions qui permet une lecture évolutionniste des régimes sociotechniques, notamment dans leurs rapports avec les niches d’innovations alternatives. Avec l’appui d’analyses sociohistoriques robustes et un travail de terrain, il est alors possible de réfléchir les modalités d’une transition du régime de provision alimentaire par le raccourcissement des relations entre producteurs et mangeurs.La thèse propose alors deux focales d’analyse : le régime de provision alimentaire ; et les réseaux alimentaires alternatifs. Elle fait appel à une méthodologie composite adressant des données de natures hétérogènes tirées de terrains distribués : analyse discursive par lexicométrie, analyse de traces numériques, étude d’agencements institutionnels, entretiens approfondis, observations de type ethnographique. A la recherche d’une théorisation de moyenne portée, la thèse cible, dans leurs questionnements locaux, des acteurs-clés représentatifs de plusieurs compétences du régime de provision : distribution ; filière fruits et légumes ; salons alimentaires. Les objets alternatifs étudiés rendent compte d’une multiplicité de formes d’existence. Parce-que ces alternatives sont partiellement imbriquées avec certains dispositifs du régime dominant, cela conduit la thèse vers l’étude approfondie de l’une d’entre elles, très particulière du fait :(i) de son architecture se trouvant à la croisée des alternatives alimentaires et de réseaux numériques-matériels portés par des plateformes technologiques, et (ii) d’une qualité de données assez inédite.A partir de cette approche empirique distribuée, la thèse contribue à la caractérisation d’une transition vers un régime de provision numérique-matériel axé sur la prosumption par customisation transparente. Présentant la fin des années 2000 comme point d’inflexion du régime, la conjonction d’une crise de modèle de provision avec l’explosion du numérique accompagné d'un foisonnement continu de revendications et de pratiques alternatives, semblent en mesure d’accélérer un chemin de transition par reconfiguration du régime. Les prémices de cette reconfiguration se manifestent à travers de multiples évolutions discursives observées au sein du régime, ainsi que dans l’incorporation et l’agencement, en son sein, de phénomènes alternatifs qui participent crescendo à la caractérisation de nouvelles priorités qui redéfinissent les spécifications des aliments, les pratiques de provision, et les flux de provision. La valeur accrue de produits alimentaires enrichis de nouvelles spécifications alternatives véhiculées au travers de nouvelles proximités virtuelles et matérielles intiment ainsi au régime des interrogations sur le potentiel que présente le raccourcissement. Effectuant une confluence de trois champs d’études (transitions ; alternatives alimentaires ; prosumption) relativement peu liés jusque lors, la thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives de recherche sur les capacités de tels marchés raccourcis à capter l’attention de prosumers alimentaires eux-aussi en plein essor.
Technical Reports
274.
Andrieu, Nadine; Kebede, Yodit
Agroecology and Climate Change: A case study of the CCAFS Research Program Technical Report
2020, (CCAFS Working Paper no. 313. Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)).
@techreport{Andrieu2020,
title = {Agroecology and Climate Change: A case study of the CCAFS Research Program},
author = {Nadine Andrieu and Yodit Kebede},
url = {https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/108779},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-15},
abstract = {Climate change is challenging the sustainability of agricultural systems. Some authors argue that only an agroecological transformation of agricultural systems is the appropriate response to climate change issues. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), aims to catalyze positive change towards climate-smart agriculture (CSA), food systems and landscapes to meet the triple goals of food security, adaptation and mitigation. In this paper, we present agroecological principles as defined by various authors or institutions and question how they address climate change issues. Using FAO 10 elements of Agroecology as framework we investigate to what extent CCAFS is aligned with agroecological principles. To answer these questions, we used a combination of bibliographic study, interviews of CCAFS Flagship leaders and text mining method. Our main conclusion is that although agroecology was not a key concept in the design of CCAFS activities, on the ground many promoted practices where agroecological practices and several of the 10 FAO elements of agroecology were addressed but with a different perspective than the one promoted by the proponents of agroecology. To further improve or re-direct CCAFS activities with agroecological principles we recommended five main areas of intervention: to better include agroecological principles in the implementation of NDCs, to strengthen system thinking for food system transformation, to strengthen landscape-level activities, to develop projects on circular and solidarity economy, and to use CIS to support the implementation of agroecological practices.},
note = {CCAFS Working Paper no. 313. Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Climate change is challenging the sustainability of agricultural systems. Some authors argue that only an agroecological transformation of agricultural systems is the appropriate response to climate change issues. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), aims to catalyze positive change towards climate-smart agriculture (CSA), food systems and landscapes to meet the triple goals of food security, adaptation and mitigation. In this paper, we present agroecological principles as defined by various authors or institutions and question how they address climate change issues. Using FAO 10 elements of Agroecology as framework we investigate to what extent CCAFS is aligned with agroecological principles. To answer these questions, we used a combination of bibliographic study, interviews of CCAFS Flagship leaders and text mining method. Our main conclusion is that although agroecology was not a key concept in the design of CCAFS activities, on the ground many promoted practices where agroecological practices and several of the 10 FAO elements of agroecology were addressed but with a different perspective than the one promoted by the proponents of agroecology. To further improve or re-direct CCAFS activities with agroecological principles we recommended five main areas of intervention: to better include agroecological principles in the implementation of NDCs, to strengthen system thinking for food system transformation, to strengthen landscape-level activities, to develop projects on circular and solidarity economy, and to use CIS to support the implementation of agroecological practices.
275.
Andro, Mathieu
A brief textual analysis of a corpus on digital libraries and text mining Technical Report
2020, (HAL Id: hal-02862896).
@techreport{Andro2020,
title = {A brief textual analysis of a corpus on digital libraries and text mining},
author = {Mathieu Andro},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-09},
urldate = {2020-06-09},
abstract = {Over 40 million books have been digitized by Google Books. Libraries around the world have participated in this movement to digitize print heritage. The digital corpora now available contain textual data which today is to be extracted using text mining. Specialised in digitization and digital libraries and with experience in text mining, we wanted to make a state of the art on the subject of text mining applied to digital libraries using text mining technologies themselves. We are indeed wondering about these technologies. Is it developing? Does it work? Are we making discoveries? We have assembled a corpus of metadata and summaries from Google Scholar which seems to be the most exhaustive source on the subject of scientific but also professional literature. We performed textual analyzes using CorTexT, a tool developed by research and higher education in France. },
note = {HAL Id: hal-02862896},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Over 40 million books have been digitized by Google Books. Libraries around the world have participated in this movement to digitize print heritage. The digital corpora now available contain textual data which today is to be extracted using text mining. Specialised in digitization and digital libraries and with experience in text mining, we wanted to make a state of the art on the subject of text mining applied to digital libraries using text mining technologies themselves. We are indeed wondering about these technologies. Is it developing? Does it work? Are we making discoveries? We have assembled a corpus of metadata and summaries from Google Scholar which seems to be the most exhaustive source on the subject of scientific but also professional literature. We performed textual analyzes using CorTexT, a tool developed by research and higher education in France.
2019
Journal Articles
276.
Alaimo, Cristina; Kallinikos, Jannis; Valderrama, Erika
Platforms as service ecosystems: Lessons from social media Journal Article
In: Journal of Information Technology, vol. 35, 2019.
@article{Alaimo2019,
title = {Platforms as service ecosystems: Lessons from social media },
author = {Cristina Alaimo and Jannis Kallinikos and Erika Valderrama},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396219881462},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-21},
urldate = {2019-10-21},
journal = {Journal of Information Technology},
volume = {35},
abstract = {The growing business expansion of social media platforms is changing their identity and transforming the practices of networking, data and content sharing with which social media have been commonly associated. We empirically investigate these shifts in the context of TripAdvisor and its evolution since its very establishment. We trace the mutations of the platform along three stages we identify as search engine, social media platform and end-to-end service ecosystem. Our findings reveal the underlying patterns of data types, technological functionalities and actor configurations that punctuate the business expansion of TripAdvisor and lead to the formation of its service ecosystem. We contribute to the understanding of the current trajectory in which social media find themselves as well as to the literature on platforms and ecosystems. We point out the importance of services that develop as commercially viable and constantly updatable data bundles out of diverse and dynamic data types. Such services are essential to the making of the complementarities that are claimed to underlie ecosystem formation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The growing business expansion of social media platforms is changing their identity and transforming the practices of networking, data and content sharing with which social media have been commonly associated. We empirically investigate these shifts in the context of TripAdvisor and its evolution since its very establishment. We trace the mutations of the platform along three stages we identify as search engine, social media platform and end-to-end service ecosystem. Our findings reveal the underlying patterns of data types, technological functionalities and actor configurations that punctuate the business expansion of TripAdvisor and lead to the formation of its service ecosystem. We contribute to the understanding of the current trajectory in which social media find themselves as well as to the literature on platforms and ecosystems. We point out the importance of services that develop as commercially viable and constantly updatable data bundles out of diverse and dynamic data types. Such services are essential to the making of the complementarities that are claimed to underlie ecosystem formation.
277.
Baumont, René; Girard, Agnès
La revue INRA Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales Journal Article
In: INRA Productions Animales, vol. 32, iss. 2, pp. 87-94, 2019, (hal-02315856).
@article{Baumont2019b,
title = {La revue INRA Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales},
author = { René Baumont and Agnès Girard },
url = {https://hal.science/hal-02315856/
https://hal.science/hal-02315856v1/document},
doi = {/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.2.2543},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-14},
urldate = {2019-10-14},
journal = {INRA Productions Animales},
volume = {32},
issue = {2},
pages = {87-94},
abstract = {Depuis 30 ans, la revue INRA Productions Animales publie principalement des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les productions animales à destination d’un large public d’utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche. À partir de la base de données « Web of Science ™ » (WOS) et dans le périmètre limité à la catégorie « Agriculture, dairy and animal sciences » dans laquelle la revue est indexée depuis 1997, cet article propose une analyse du positionnement de la revue dans la littérature scientifique internationale, européenne et de l’INRA. Dans une production scientifique multipliée par deux entre 1997 et 2017 dans cette WOS catégorie (9000 articles en 2017), le nombre d’articles publiés chaque année par l’INRA (environ 250) et par la revue (entre 30 et 35) est stable. La France est le 7ème pays contributeur derrière les USA, l’Inde, la Chine, le Brésil, l’Allemagne et le Canada. L’analyse lexicale de l’ensemble des références du WOS montre une grande stabilité des termes les plus fréquemment utilisés qui restent dominés par les problématiques de production. En revanche, l’analyse de l’évolution des publications montre clairement l’émergence et la montée en puissance des recherches menées sur les systèmes d’élevage, le bien-être animal et la sélection génomique, à la fois en Europe et à l’INRA. Au final, les recherches conduites par l’INRA dans le domaine des productions animales, et en particulier celles diffusées par la revue INRA Productions Animales, sont au diapason des recherches conduites à l’échelle européenne. },
note = {hal-02315856},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depuis 30 ans, la revue INRA Productions Animales publie principalement des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les productions animales à destination d’un large public d’utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche. À partir de la base de données « Web of Science ™ » (WOS) et dans le périmètre limité à la catégorie « Agriculture, dairy and animal sciences » dans laquelle la revue est indexée depuis 1997, cet article propose une analyse du positionnement de la revue dans la littérature scientifique internationale, européenne et de l’INRA. Dans une production scientifique multipliée par deux entre 1997 et 2017 dans cette WOS catégorie (9000 articles en 2017), le nombre d’articles publiés chaque année par l’INRA (environ 250) et par la revue (entre 30 et 35) est stable. La France est le 7ème pays contributeur derrière les USA, l’Inde, la Chine, le Brésil, l’Allemagne et le Canada. L’analyse lexicale de l’ensemble des références du WOS montre une grande stabilité des termes les plus fréquemment utilisés qui restent dominés par les problématiques de production. En revanche, l’analyse de l’évolution des publications montre clairement l’émergence et la montée en puissance des recherches menées sur les systèmes d’élevage, le bien-être animal et la sélection génomique, à la fois en Europe et à l’INRA. Au final, les recherches conduites par l’INRA dans le domaine des productions animales, et en particulier celles diffusées par la revue INRA Productions Animales, sont au diapason des recherches conduites à l’échelle européenne.
278.
de Assis Espécie, Mariana; Carvalho, Pedro Ninôde; Pinheiro, Maria Fernanda Bacile; Rosenthal, Vinicius Mesquita; da Silva, Leyla A. Ferreira; de Carvalhaes Pinheiro, Mariana Rodrigues; Espig, Silvana Andreoli; Mariani, Carolina Fiorillo; de Almeida, Elisângela Medeiros; dos Santos Sodré, Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu
Ecosystem services and renewable power generation: A preliminary literature review Journal Article
In: Renewable Energy, vol. 140, pp. 39-51, 2019, ISBN: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.076.
@article{deEspécie2019,
title = {Ecosystem services and renewable power generation: A preliminary literature review},
author = {Mariana de Assis Espécie and Pedro Ninôde Carvalho and Maria Fernanda Bacile Pinheiro and Vinicius Mesquita Rosenthal and Leyla A. Ferreira da Silva and Mariana Rodrigues de Carvalhaes Pinheiro and Silvana Andreoli Espig and Carolina Fiorillo Mariani and Elisângela Medeiros de Almeida and Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu dos Santos Sodré},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.076},
isbn = {10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.076},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-01},
urldate = {2019-09-01},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
volume = {140},
pages = {39-51},
abstract = {The term ecosystem services describes a relatively novel approach that directly associates the environment to the provision of human well-being, a concept to which renewable power generation is intrinsically connected. In light of this, the present work characterizes the evolution of the ecosystem services approach as it relates to power generation from renewable sources and identifies trends that have being applied in the field worldwide. The baseline data for the analyses were retrieved from queries of an online scientific database, from which articles that contained the term “ecosystem services” and terms related to renewable energy sources were selected. Chiefly influenced by the publication of reference documents on this issue, the literature review that supported this study demonstrates some trends regarding the ecosystem services approach to renewables, most of which are related to hydropower, including the following: (i) concerns about the degree of dependence that hydropower facilities have on forest conservation; (ii) the relevance of watershed land management for reducing soil erosion to enhance energy generation by hydropower plants; (iii) the emergence of environmentally friendly operational schemes to preserve and/or alleviate the impacts of hydropower plants on river ecosystem services; (iv) the adoption of payment for ecosystem services as an instrument to foment land use strategies that benefit hydropower generation by the engagement of different stakeholders; and (v) the use of economic valuation methods as means to address trade-off scenarios between energy generation and the maintenance of certain ecosystem services. In this process, universities, governments, companies, nongovernmental organizations and even the United Nations have been engaged in different manners of discussions as a reflection of the different positions they have assumed on the subject. The results gathered indicate that there are still opportunities to improve the ecosystem services approach by extending its use to the early stages of renewable energy facilities planning, such as the environmental impact assessments of these projects.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The term ecosystem services describes a relatively novel approach that directly associates the environment to the provision of human well-being, a concept to which renewable power generation is intrinsically connected. In light of this, the present work characterizes the evolution of the ecosystem services approach as it relates to power generation from renewable sources and identifies trends that have being applied in the field worldwide. The baseline data for the analyses were retrieved from queries of an online scientific database, from which articles that contained the term “ecosystem services” and terms related to renewable energy sources were selected. Chiefly influenced by the publication of reference documents on this issue, the literature review that supported this study demonstrates some trends regarding the ecosystem services approach to renewables, most of which are related to hydropower, including the following: (i) concerns about the degree of dependence that hydropower facilities have on forest conservation; (ii) the relevance of watershed land management for reducing soil erosion to enhance energy generation by hydropower plants; (iii) the emergence of environmentally friendly operational schemes to preserve and/or alleviate the impacts of hydropower plants on river ecosystem services; (iv) the adoption of payment for ecosystem services as an instrument to foment land use strategies that benefit hydropower generation by the engagement of different stakeholders; and (v) the use of economic valuation methods as means to address trade-off scenarios between energy generation and the maintenance of certain ecosystem services. In this process, universities, governments, companies, nongovernmental organizations and even the United Nations have been engaged in different manners of discussions as a reflection of the different positions they have assumed on the subject. The results gathered indicate that there are still opportunities to improve the ecosystem services approach by extending its use to the early stages of renewable energy facilities planning, such as the environmental impact assessments of these projects.
279.
de Macedo, Laureano S. Ascensão
Arquivos deslocados: mapeamento de literatura Journal Article
In: Brazilian Journal of Information Science, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 5-34, 2019, ISSN: 1981-1640.
@article{deMacedo2019,
title = {Arquivos deslocados: mapeamento de literatura},
author = {Laureano S. Ascensão de Macedo},
url = {https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7212071
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7212071.pdf},
issn = {1981-1640},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-01},
journal = {Brazilian Journal of Information Science},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {5-34},
abstract = {Este artigo consiste num mapeamento de literatura em torno do tópico "arquivos deslocados". Um dos problemas verificados consiste na ausência de um quadro conceptual claro, por a terminografia arquivística apresentar diversos termos para denominar um mesmo fenómeno. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em realizar uma prospeção e síntese de literatura em torno das caraterísticas, dimensão e contexto de utilização dos conceitos utilizados. Foram realizadas buscas na base de dados Web of Science (WoS), tendo como critérios de inclusão termos extraídos da terminologia arquivística em inglês e artigos científicos publicados entre 1953 a 2018 em revistas analisadas por pares. Metodologicamente, o artigo combina o mapeamento de literatura com uma revisão de escopo. Dos 160 artigos, foram incluídos 70, produzidos entre 1962 a 2018. Predominam temas associados com a descolonização e secessão, conflito armado e tráfico ilícito, tanto em contexto internacional como intranacional. Prevalecem estudos qualitativos, especialmente análises históricas e estudos de caso. Novos conceitos aparecem, como arquivos coloniais, arquivos confiscados e arquivos expatriados, não considerados pela terminografia arquivística. Para concluir, o conceito de "arquivo deslocado" permanece invisível junto da comunidade arquivística, especialmente lusófona, da qual não se obteve qualquer produção científica sobre o tópico.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Este artigo consiste num mapeamento de literatura em torno do tópico "arquivos deslocados". Um dos problemas verificados consiste na ausência de um quadro conceptual claro, por a terminografia arquivística apresentar diversos termos para denominar um mesmo fenómeno. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em realizar uma prospeção e síntese de literatura em torno das caraterísticas, dimensão e contexto de utilização dos conceitos utilizados. Foram realizadas buscas na base de dados Web of Science (WoS), tendo como critérios de inclusão termos extraídos da terminologia arquivística em inglês e artigos científicos publicados entre 1953 a 2018 em revistas analisadas por pares. Metodologicamente, o artigo combina o mapeamento de literatura com uma revisão de escopo. Dos 160 artigos, foram incluídos 70, produzidos entre 1962 a 2018. Predominam temas associados com a descolonização e secessão, conflito armado e tráfico ilícito, tanto em contexto internacional como intranacional. Prevalecem estudos qualitativos, especialmente análises históricas e estudos de caso. Novos conceitos aparecem, como arquivos coloniais, arquivos confiscados e arquivos expatriados, não considerados pela terminografia arquivística. Para concluir, o conceito de "arquivo deslocado" permanece invisível junto da comunidade arquivística, especialmente lusófona, da qual não se obteve qualquer produção científica sobre o tópico.
280.
Rikap, Cecilia
Asymmetric Power of the Core: Technological Cooperation and Technological Competition in the Transnational Innovation Networks of Big Pharma Journal Article
In: Review of International Political Economy, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 987-1021, 2019.
@article{Rikap2019,
title = {Asymmetric Power of the Core: Technological Cooperation and Technological Competition in the Transnational Innovation Networks of Big Pharma},
author = {Cecilia Rikap},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309},
doi = {10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-26},
urldate = {2019-06-26},
journal = {Review of International Political Economy},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {987-1021},
abstract = {This article theoretically and empirically analyzes leader corporations’ innovation processes in contemporary capitalism. We highlight three characteristics: their transnational scope, the primacy of power or asymmetric relations exercised by leaders over the participants of their innovation circuits or networks, and the relevance of what we called technological competition and technological cooperation between leaders. Focusing on the latter, our theoretical contribution integrates the concepts of innovation circuit, global innovation network and modularity of knowledge production in order to elaborate a preliminary model for synthesizing leader’s technological competition and collaboration behaviors. This model is the general framework used for studying three big pharma’s innovation networks (Roche, Novartis and Pfizer). In particular, we study those networks by considering two outputs: scientific publications and patents. Network maps are constructed based on institutions’ co-occurrences, thus looking at who is co-authoring their publications and co-owning these corporations’ patents. We find that big pharmaceuticals co-produce together mainly generic knowledge modules, thus develop a strong technological cooperation. Simultaneously, to succeed in their technological competition they outsource stages of their innovation networks to subordinate institutions that, even if they contribute to achieve the innovation, will not be co-owners of the resulting patents, while big pharmaceuticals enjoy associated innovation rents.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article theoretically and empirically analyzes leader corporations’ innovation processes in contemporary capitalism. We highlight three characteristics: their transnational scope, the primacy of power or asymmetric relations exercised by leaders over the participants of their innovation circuits or networks, and the relevance of what we called technological competition and technological cooperation between leaders. Focusing on the latter, our theoretical contribution integrates the concepts of innovation circuit, global innovation network and modularity of knowledge production in order to elaborate a preliminary model for synthesizing leader’s technological competition and collaboration behaviors. This model is the general framework used for studying three big pharma’s innovation networks (Roche, Novartis and Pfizer). In particular, we study those networks by considering two outputs: scientific publications and patents. Network maps are constructed based on institutions’ co-occurrences, thus looking at who is co-authoring their publications and co-owning these corporations’ patents. We find that big pharmaceuticals co-produce together mainly generic knowledge modules, thus develop a strong technological cooperation. Simultaneously, to succeed in their technological competition they outsource stages of their innovation networks to subordinate institutions that, even if they contribute to achieve the innovation, will not be co-owners of the resulting patents, while big pharmaceuticals enjoy associated innovation rents.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
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