LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
2020 |
Journal Articles |
Macq, Hadrien ; Tancoigne, Élise ; Strasser, Bruno From Deliberation to Production: Public Participation in Science and Technology Policies of the European Commission (1998–2019) Journal Article Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2020. @article{Macq2020, title = {From Deliberation to Production: Public Participation in Science and Technology Policies of the European Commission (1998–2019)}, author = {Macq, Hadrien and Tancoigne, Élise and Strasser, Bruno}, editor = {Springer}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2268/246902}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-020-09405-6}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-22}, journal = {Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy}, abstract = {This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty- first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and tech- nology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innova- tion (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty- first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and tech- nology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innova- tion (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation. |
Marvuglia, Antonino; Havinga, Lisanne; Heidrich, Oliver; Fonseca, Jimeno; Gaitanie, Niki; Reckien, Diana Advances and challenges in assessing urban sustainability: an advanced bibliometric review Journal Article Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020. @article{Marvuglia2020, title = {Advances and challenges in assessing urban sustainability: an advanced bibliometric review}, author = {Antonino Marvuglia and Lisanne Havinga and Oliver Heidrich and Jimeno Fonseca and Niki Gaitanie and Diana Reckien}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109788}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-06}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, abstract = {With nearly 70% of the world population expected to live in cities by 2050, assessing the sustainability of urban systems, both existing and future ones, is becoming increasingly relevant. Making cities more sustainable is a global priority, which is highlighted by ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ being listed as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) explores the implementation and assessment of policies and technologies that contribute to the transition to a sustainable, energy efficient and regenerative society. We organized the issue according to four main research themes: 1) Renewable Energy Systems (i.e., different types of systems, qualitative assessments and public acceptance); 2) Sustainable Built Environment (which includes construction, operation and refurbishment); 3) Multi-Scale Models (considering urban sustainability transition from building to districts, or cities and regions to multi-country comparisons and their scaling across different countries); and 4) Governance and Policy (climate change mitigation and adaptation plans/policies that are reported across countries, urban services and infrastructures). This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } With nearly 70% of the world population expected to live in cities by 2050, assessing the sustainability of urban systems, both existing and future ones, is becoming increasingly relevant. Making cities more sustainable is a global priority, which is highlighted by ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ being listed as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) explores the implementation and assessment of policies and technologies that contribute to the transition to a sustainable, energy efficient and regenerative society. We organized the issue according to four main research themes: 1) Renewable Energy Systems (i.e., different types of systems, qualitative assessments and public acceptance); 2) Sustainable Built Environment (which includes construction, operation and refurbishment); 3) Multi-Scale Models (considering urban sustainability transition from building to districts, or cities and regions to multi-country comparisons and their scaling across different countries); and 4) Governance and Policy (climate change mitigation and adaptation plans/policies that are reported across countries, urban services and infrastructures). This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability. |
Cardon, Vincent Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research Journal Article Science, Technology and Society, 25 (1), pp. 38-66, 2020. @article{Cardon2020, title = {Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research}, author = {Vincent Cardon}, doi = {10.1177/0971721819889918}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-03}, journal = {Science, Technology and Society}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {38-66}, abstract = {One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated. |
Louvel, Séverine What’s in a name? The three genealogies of the social insocial epigenetics Journal Article Social Science Information, 2020. @article{Louvel2020, title = {What’s in a name? The three genealogies of the social insocial epigenetics}, author = {Séverine Louvel}, editor = {SAGE Publications}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018419897001}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-22}, journal = {Social Science Information}, abstract = {Social epigenetics – the study of the epigenetic mechanisms through which social environments become biologically embodied – epitomizes recent claims that the boundaries between the natural and the social sciences should be reduced. Relying on a bibliometric study and on a qualitative analysis of publications in social epigenetics, this paper investigates how this research area defines and operationalizes the social dimensions that may have an impact on health status and disease risk. The paper also addresses how the social sciences engage with social epigenetics. First, the paper traces social epigenetics back to five epistemic backgrounds – two in animal research (on social defeat and early-life adversity) and three in human studies (on trauma, early-life nutrition and social adversity over the life-course). Second, it outlines the quest for epigenetic markers of social environments, and the associated expectations and controversies. Third, it analyses the three modes of engagement of the social sciences with human studies in social epigenetics: rejection (social epigenetics trapped in the quest for a ‘social brain’); warning and call for responsibility (social epigenetics has shifted from socioeconomic contexts to individual behaviors); and support and active contribution (social epigenetics may strengthen social studies of health). This paper argues that recent developments in social epigenetics could strengthen this third mode of engagement and expand the scope of interdisciplinary collaboration between the natural and the social sciences.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Social epigenetics – the study of the epigenetic mechanisms through which social environments become biologically embodied – epitomizes recent claims that the boundaries between the natural and the social sciences should be reduced. Relying on a bibliometric study and on a qualitative analysis of publications in social epigenetics, this paper investigates how this research area defines and operationalizes the social dimensions that may have an impact on health status and disease risk. The paper also addresses how the social sciences engage with social epigenetics. First, the paper traces social epigenetics back to five epistemic backgrounds – two in animal research (on social defeat and early-life adversity) and three in human studies (on trauma, early-life nutrition and social adversity over the life-course). Second, it outlines the quest for epigenetic markers of social environments, and the associated expectations and controversies. Third, it analyses the three modes of engagement of the social sciences with human studies in social epigenetics: rejection (social epigenetics trapped in the quest for a ‘social brain’); warning and call for responsibility (social epigenetics has shifted from socioeconomic contexts to individual behaviors); and support and active contribution (social epigenetics may strengthen social studies of health). This paper argues that recent developments in social epigenetics could strengthen this third mode of engagement and expand the scope of interdisciplinary collaboration between the natural and the social sciences. |
Miscellaneous |
Vanderfeesten, Maurice; Spielberg, Eike; Hasse, Linda Text Analyses of Survey Data on "Mapping Research Output to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)" Miscellaneous 2020, (Sustainable Development Goals SDG Classification model Search Queries SCOPUS Text indexingControlled vocabulary). @misc{Vanderfeesten2020, title = {Text Analyses of Survey Data on "Mapping Research Output to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)"}, author = {Maurice Vanderfeesten and Eike Spielberg and Linda Hasse}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832090}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3832090}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-01}, abstract = {This package contains data on five text analysis types (term extraction, contract analysis, topic modeling, network mapping), based on the survey data where researchers selected research output that are related to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is used as input to improve the current SDG classification model v4.0 to v5.0 Sustainable Development Goals are the 17 global challenges set by the United Nations. Within each of the goals specific targets and indicators are mentioned to monitor the progress of reaching those goals by 2030. In an effort to capture how research is contributing to move the needle on those challenges, we earlier have made an initial classification model than enables to quickly identify what research output is related to what SDG. (This Aurora SDG dashboard is the initial outcome as proof of practice.) The initiative started from the Aurora Universities Network in 2017, in the working group "Societal Impact and Relevance of Research", to investigate and to make visible 1. what research is done that are relevant to topics or challenges that live in society (for the proof of practice this has been scoped down to the SDGs), and 2. what the effect or impact is of implementing those research outcomes to those societal challenges (this also have been scoped down to research output being cited in policy documents from national and local governments an NGO's).}, note = {Sustainable Development Goals SDG Classification model Search Queries SCOPUS Text indexingControlled vocabulary}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } This package contains data on five text analysis types (term extraction, contract analysis, topic modeling, network mapping), based on the survey data where researchers selected research output that are related to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is used as input to improve the current SDG classification model v4.0 to v5.0 Sustainable Development Goals are the 17 global challenges set by the United Nations. Within each of the goals specific targets and indicators are mentioned to monitor the progress of reaching those goals by 2030. In an effort to capture how research is contributing to move the needle on those challenges, we earlier have made an initial classification model than enables to quickly identify what research output is related to what SDG. (This Aurora SDG dashboard is the initial outcome as proof of practice.) The initiative started from the Aurora Universities Network in 2017, in the working group "Societal Impact and Relevance of Research", to investigate and to make visible 1. what research is done that are relevant to topics or challenges that live in society (for the proof of practice this has been scoped down to the SDGs), and 2. what the effect or impact is of implementing those research outcomes to those societal challenges (this also have been scoped down to research output being cited in policy documents from national and local governments an NGO's). |
PhD Theses |
Provençal, Josée Le Développement durable comme signifiant vide:l’hétérogénéité de la question énergétique PhD Thesis Université d’Ottawa, 2020. @phdthesis{Provençal2020, title = {Le Développement durable comme signifiant vide:l’hétérogénéité de la question énergétique}, author = {Provençal, Josée}, url = {https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/40591/3/Provencal_Josee_2020_Th%C3%A8se.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, school = {Université d’Ottawa}, abstract = {Largement répandu au sein des populations, le concept de développement durable semble désormais incontestable, tout en étant critiqué pour l'ambiguïté de sa signification.Qu’est-ce qui se trouve exactement derrière le déploiement du discours politique relatif au développement durable ? Comment le discours sur le développement durable est-il devenu si dominant malgré le fait qu’il acquiert de nombreuses significations, parfois divergentes ? L’apport de cette thèse au discours sur le développement durable ne se trouve pas dans la présentation de l’édification et de l’institutionnalisation de ce concept, mais réside plutôt dans sa capacité à rendre visibles les conflits inhérents aux sens à donner au développement durable au sein du discours politique. Notre questionnement sur les sens attribués au développement durable vise dans un premier temps à comprendre si celui-ci est un signifiant vide ou flottant. Dans la présentation des luttes en cours pour le sens à octroyer au développement durable, cette thèse s’attarde au rôle qu’occupe l’énergie au sein de la signification du discours,un rôle souvent tenu pour acquis ou du moins peu énoncé. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps,nous cherchons à comprendre quel est le rôle occupé par l’énergie quant au cadrage (framing) du discours politique relatif au développement durable.La contribution de cette thèse est méthodologique, elle associe l’analyse discursive post structuraliste d’Ernesto Laclau et Chantal Mouffe à l’analyse quantitative de l’analyse des réseaux sémantiques. La clé de l’analyse discursive de Laclau et Mouffe s’inscrit dans l’importance qu’ils accordent au rôle de l’hégémonie au sein des luttes discursives à travers l’articulation du discours. L’analyse de réseau, pour sa part, rend visibles les agencements centraux à travers une structure centre-périphérie. Cela permet de faire émerger les luttes discursives en cours. Cette thèse cherche à saisir la nature des relations et des conflits qui structurent le sens attribué au développement durable. En faisant entendre les voix exclues et les voix qui en contestent l’articulation hégémonique, il devient possible de percevoir les antagonismes et les possibles recompositions du discours. Cette étude démontre que le sens attribué au développement durable est fixe et que l’énergie, bien qu’énoncée par plusieurs acteurs, n'acquiert qu’un caractère fragmenté. }, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Largement répandu au sein des populations, le concept de développement durable semble désormais incontestable, tout en étant critiqué pour l'ambiguïté de sa signification.Qu’est-ce qui se trouve exactement derrière le déploiement du discours politique relatif au développement durable ? Comment le discours sur le développement durable est-il devenu si dominant malgré le fait qu’il acquiert de nombreuses significations, parfois divergentes ? L’apport de cette thèse au discours sur le développement durable ne se trouve pas dans la présentation de l’édification et de l’institutionnalisation de ce concept, mais réside plutôt dans sa capacité à rendre visibles les conflits inhérents aux sens à donner au développement durable au sein du discours politique. Notre questionnement sur les sens attribués au développement durable vise dans un premier temps à comprendre si celui-ci est un signifiant vide ou flottant. Dans la présentation des luttes en cours pour le sens à octroyer au développement durable, cette thèse s’attarde au rôle qu’occupe l’énergie au sein de la signification du discours,un rôle souvent tenu pour acquis ou du moins peu énoncé. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps,nous cherchons à comprendre quel est le rôle occupé par l’énergie quant au cadrage (framing) du discours politique relatif au développement durable.La contribution de cette thèse est méthodologique, elle associe l’analyse discursive post structuraliste d’Ernesto Laclau et Chantal Mouffe à l’analyse quantitative de l’analyse des réseaux sémantiques. La clé de l’analyse discursive de Laclau et Mouffe s’inscrit dans l’importance qu’ils accordent au rôle de l’hégémonie au sein des luttes discursives à travers l’articulation du discours. L’analyse de réseau, pour sa part, rend visibles les agencements centraux à travers une structure centre-périphérie. Cela permet de faire émerger les luttes discursives en cours. Cette thèse cherche à saisir la nature des relations et des conflits qui structurent le sens attribué au développement durable. En faisant entendre les voix exclues et les voix qui en contestent l’articulation hégémonique, il devient possible de percevoir les antagonismes et les possibles recompositions du discours. Cette étude démontre que le sens attribué au développement durable est fixe et que l’énergie, bien qu’énoncée par plusieurs acteurs, n'acquiert qu’un caractère fragmenté. |
2019 |
Journal Articles |
Gauld, Christophe Mining big data about representations of autism spectrum disorder : a comparison from Twitter to PubMed, a TwiMed proof-of-concept Journal Article 2019. @article{Gauld2019, title = {Mining big data about representations of autism spectrum disorder : a comparison from Twitter to PubMed, a TwiMed proof-of-concept}, author = {Gauld, Christophe}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337289960_Mining_big_data_about_representations_of_autism_spectrum_disorder_a_comparison_from_Twitter_to_PubMed_a_TwiMed_proof-of-concept}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.20575.61604}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-15}, abstract = {Aim: Twitter is the most commonly used social media forum in public health and is considered the radio of the internet. Many health providers utilize this media to disseminate health information. Patient use of social media for mental health topics encourages providers to disseminate quality information and to develop virtual collaborative learning environments. Such social media could also be seen as a reflection of a trend towards folk psychology. This study explored trends in health information exchanged by users of Twitter, a broad social media, through analyses of tweets about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This proxy of trends in folk psychology could be compared semantically with the corpus derived from biomedical research. Methods: At first, we conducted a text-mining analysis with a sample of 10,000 tweets posted using #autism, by a text-mining method. We built a network of words in order to extract the main dimensions about these data (Latent Dirichlet Analysis). Second, we performed a geocoding analysis to create a Twitter maps of social media tweet and checked the regularity of tweets in the short and medium term. In parallel, we performed a text-mining analysis using the platform PubMed with the term « autis* », and we built networks of words. For each of them, we extracted the main dimensions from the terms. Results: We were able to retrieve 121,556 terms related to the term #autism. Most tweets focus on five dimensions: (1) Education, (2) Childhood, (3) Environment/Relatives, (4) Techniques/Sciences and (5) Support. Concerning the most researched topics in the biomedical research, on 49,021 publications, we found four dimensions: (I) Clinical/Neuropsychology/Psychometry, (II) Behavioral/Language aspects, (III) Neuroscience/Neurogenetics/Neuropharmacology, (IV) Comorbidities. Conclusion: Results suggest thematics about ASD disseminated between a social media and a biomedical database are really different. Health providers are encouraged to establish a presence on social media to learn about representations, share scholarly work or just exchange information with patients and relatives concerned by ASD.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Aim: Twitter is the most commonly used social media forum in public health and is considered the radio of the internet. Many health providers utilize this media to disseminate health information. Patient use of social media for mental health topics encourages providers to disseminate quality information and to develop virtual collaborative learning environments. Such social media could also be seen as a reflection of a trend towards folk psychology. This study explored trends in health information exchanged by users of Twitter, a broad social media, through analyses of tweets about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This proxy of trends in folk psychology could be compared semantically with the corpus derived from biomedical research. Methods: At first, we conducted a text-mining analysis with a sample of 10,000 tweets posted using #autism, by a text-mining method. We built a network of words in order to extract the main dimensions about these data (Latent Dirichlet Analysis). Second, we performed a geocoding analysis to create a Twitter maps of social media tweet and checked the regularity of tweets in the short and medium term. In parallel, we performed a text-mining analysis using the platform PubMed with the term « autis* », and we built networks of words. For each of them, we extracted the main dimensions from the terms. Results: We were able to retrieve 121,556 terms related to the term #autism. Most tweets focus on five dimensions: (1) Education, (2) Childhood, (3) Environment/Relatives, (4) Techniques/Sciences and (5) Support. Concerning the most researched topics in the biomedical research, on 49,021 publications, we found four dimensions: (I) Clinical/Neuropsychology/Psychometry, (II) Behavioral/Language aspects, (III) Neuroscience/Neurogenetics/Neuropharmacology, (IV) Comorbidities. Conclusion: Results suggest thematics about ASD disseminated between a social media and a biomedical database are really different. Health providers are encouraged to establish a presence on social media to learn about representations, share scholarly work or just exchange information with patients and relatives concerned by ASD. |
René Baumont, Agnès Girard Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales Journal Article INRA Production Animale, 32 (2), pp. 87-94, 2019. @article{Baumont2019, title = {Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales }, author = {René Baumont, Agnès Girard}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02315856/}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.2.2543}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-14}, journal = {INRA Production Animale}, volume = {32}, number = {2}, pages = {87-94}, abstract = {Prenant la suite du « Bulletin technique du Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires de Theix », la revue « INRA Productions Animales » a vu le jour en 1988 en tant que revue de transfert du secteur animal de l’INRA. Depuis plus de 30 ans maintenant, cet objectif a été maintenu (Perez et al., 2008). Il s’agit de publier des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les produc-tions animales, à destination de l’en-semble des utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche (étudiants, enseignants, conseillers, chercheurs, décideurs...) pour mieux faire connaître les travaux et les réflexions menés par l’INRA et ses collaborateurs.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Prenant la suite du « Bulletin technique du Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires de Theix », la revue « INRA Productions Animales » a vu le jour en 1988 en tant que revue de transfert du secteur animal de l’INRA. Depuis plus de 30 ans maintenant, cet objectif a été maintenu (Perez et al., 2008). Il s’agit de publier des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les produc-tions animales, à destination de l’en-semble des utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche (étudiants, enseignants, conseillers, chercheurs, décideurs...) pour mieux faire connaître les travaux et les réflexions menés par l’INRA et ses collaborateurs. |
de Espécie, Mariana Assis; Carvalho, Pedro Ninôde; Pinheiro, Maria Fernanda Bacile; Rosenthal, Vinicius Mesquita; da Silva, Leyla Ferreira A; de Pinheiro, Mariana Rodrigues Carvalhaes; Espig, Silvana Andreoli; Mariani, Carolina Fiorillo; de Almeida, Elisângela Medeiros; dos Sodré, Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu Santos Ecosystem services and renewable power generation: A preliminary literature review Journal Article Renewable Energy, 140 , pp. 39-51, 2019. @article{deEspécie2019, title = {Ecosystem services and renewable power generation: A preliminary literature review}, author = {Mariana de Assis Espécie and Pedro Ninôde Carvalho and Maria Fernanda Bacile Pinheiro and Vinicius Mesquita Rosenthal and Leyla A. Ferreira da Silva and Mariana Rodrigues de Carvalhaes Pinheiro and Silvana Andreoli Espig and Carolina Fiorillo Mariani and Elisângela Medeiros de Almeida and Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu dos Santos Sodré}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.076}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, journal = {Renewable Energy}, volume = {140}, pages = {39-51}, abstract = {The term ecosystem services describes a relatively novel approach that directly associates the environment to the provision of human well-being, a concept to which renewable power generation is intrinsically connected. In light of this, the present work characterizes the evolution of the ecosystem services approach as it relates to power generation from renewable sources and identifies trends that have being applied in the field worldwide. The baseline data for the analyses were retrieved from queries of an online scientific database, from which articles that contained the term “ecosystem services” and terms related to renewable energy sources were selected. Chiefly influenced by the publication of reference documents on this issue, the literature review that supported this study demonstrates some trends regarding the ecosystem services approach to renewables, most of which are related to hydropower, including the following: (i) concerns about the degree of dependence that hydropower facilities have on forest conservation; (ii) the relevance of watershed land management for reducing soil erosion to enhance energy generation by hydropower plants; (iii) the emergence of environmentally friendly operational schemes to preserve and/or alleviate the impacts of hydropower plants on river ecosystem services; (iv) the adoption of payment for ecosystem services as an instrument to foment land use strategies that benefit hydropower generation by the engagement of different stakeholders; and (v) the use of economic valuation methods as means to address trade-off scenarios between energy generation and the maintenance of certain ecosystem services. In this process, universities, governments, companies, nongovernmental organizations and even the United Nations have been engaged in different manners of discussions as a reflection of the different positions they have assumed on the subject. The results gathered indicate that there are still opportunities to improve the ecosystem services approach by extending its use to the early stages of renewable energy facilities planning, such as the environmental impact assessments of these projects.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The term ecosystem services describes a relatively novel approach that directly associates the environment to the provision of human well-being, a concept to which renewable power generation is intrinsically connected. In light of this, the present work characterizes the evolution of the ecosystem services approach as it relates to power generation from renewable sources and identifies trends that have being applied in the field worldwide. The baseline data for the analyses were retrieved from queries of an online scientific database, from which articles that contained the term “ecosystem services” and terms related to renewable energy sources were selected. Chiefly influenced by the publication of reference documents on this issue, the literature review that supported this study demonstrates some trends regarding the ecosystem services approach to renewables, most of which are related to hydropower, including the following: (i) concerns about the degree of dependence that hydropower facilities have on forest conservation; (ii) the relevance of watershed land management for reducing soil erosion to enhance energy generation by hydropower plants; (iii) the emergence of environmentally friendly operational schemes to preserve and/or alleviate the impacts of hydropower plants on river ecosystem services; (iv) the adoption of payment for ecosystem services as an instrument to foment land use strategies that benefit hydropower generation by the engagement of different stakeholders; and (v) the use of economic valuation methods as means to address trade-off scenarios between energy generation and the maintenance of certain ecosystem services. In this process, universities, governments, companies, nongovernmental organizations and even the United Nations have been engaged in different manners of discussions as a reflection of the different positions they have assumed on the subject. The results gathered indicate that there are still opportunities to improve the ecosystem services approach by extending its use to the early stages of renewable energy facilities planning, such as the environmental impact assessments of these projects. |
Noël, Marianne 'Made in Europe for the World': Making a Claim for a European Chemistry in Publication Programs. The Case of the Supramolecular Chemistry (1987-2005) Journal Article Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi, Volume LIII 1 - 2019 , pp. 141-180, 2019, ISSN: 2532-4969. @article{Noël2019, title = {'Made in Europe for the World': Making a Claim for a European Chemistry in Publication Programs. The Case of the Supramolecular Chemistry (1987-2005)}, author = {Marianne Noël}, url = {http://www.annalsfondazioneluigieinaudi.it/en/browse/current-issue/6-volume-liii-1/87-made-in-europe-for-the-world-making-a-claim-for-a-european-chemistry-in-publication-programs.-the-case-of-the-supramolecular-chemistry-1987-2005}, doi = {10.26331/1075}, issn = {2532-4969}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-01}, journal = {Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi}, volume = {Volume LIII 1 - 2019}, pages = {141-180}, abstract = {The University of Strasbourg is the birthplace of a research specialty (supramolecular chemistry or SMC) which has grown considerably in the last 40 years and has had a significant scientific impact. The emergence of SMC was orchestrated to a large extent by Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Lehn, but a network of scientists, as well as the University and the Alsace Region, were also key players in this regard. Lehn was instrumental in the creation of a series of European chemistry journals in the late 1990s, whose genealogy I trace. My purpose is to examine the conditions of the success of a case of European integration that is not a major technological program but simply a “publication infrastructure”. Based on an historical analysis completed with a fieldwork study, I argue that the circulation and appropriation of concepts and languages of the SMC were central in the development of a European “publication program”. I show that this program created a sense of Europeanness that was also shaped in relation to the extra-European world, both in opposition (standing against the USA) and yet open to the world, as illustrated in the motto “Made in Europe for the world”.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The University of Strasbourg is the birthplace of a research specialty (supramolecular chemistry or SMC) which has grown considerably in the last 40 years and has had a significant scientific impact. The emergence of SMC was orchestrated to a large extent by Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Lehn, but a network of scientists, as well as the University and the Alsace Region, were also key players in this regard. Lehn was instrumental in the creation of a series of European chemistry journals in the late 1990s, whose genealogy I trace. My purpose is to examine the conditions of the success of a case of European integration that is not a major technological program but simply a “publication infrastructure”. Based on an historical analysis completed with a fieldwork study, I argue that the circulation and appropriation of concepts and languages of the SMC were central in the development of a European “publication program”. I show that this program created a sense of Europeanness that was also shaped in relation to the extra-European world, both in opposition (standing against the USA) and yet open to the world, as illustrated in the motto “Made in Europe for the world”. |
Demortain, David Modèles d’effets, effets des modèles. Calcul des doses et pouvoir industriel dans la gouvernance des produits chimiques. Journal Article Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 13 (4), pp. 1063-1096, 2019. @article{Demortain2019, title = {Modèles d’effets, effets des modèles. Calcul des doses et pouvoir industriel dans la gouvernance des produits chimiques.}, author = {Demortain, David}, editor = {Société d’Anthropologie des Connaissances}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-anthropologie-des-connaissances-2019-4-page-1063.htm}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.045.1063}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-01}, journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1063-1096}, abstract = {The prediction of health risks is underpinned by the ambition to measure the hazards facing human populations, when it is impossible to test these hazards. It is sometimes suspected that model-based predictions of risk are inherently favorable to the interests of regulated industries: by staging the possibility to measure future risks with precision, modeling harms the credibility of the other kinds of evidence that are used by regulatory agencies to establish risks, such as experiments on animals or studies on humans. In effect, the use of models would delay or even prevent agencies from being able to estimate risks, and would eventually halt their decision-making. This article provides a history of the development and use of the Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling technique to verify whether it has such an effect on the governance of chemicals. It shows that the effects of models on regulatory decision-making are often limited, for one main reason: models, their theoretical construction, and their parameters or outputs, are routinely evaluated by the modelers who work for regulatory agencies. Models do not therefore set the risk, but open a space for interpreting the value of different forms of knowledge about those risks. The political effects of modeling, and the extent to which they strengthen the power of one or the other actor in the governance of chemicals, depends on the position of this very actor in configurations of uncertainty, or the set of networks that control the evaluation of knowledge and of their uncertainties. From this perspective, the power of the industry is far from being absolute. }, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The prediction of health risks is underpinned by the ambition to measure the hazards facing human populations, when it is impossible to test these hazards. It is sometimes suspected that model-based predictions of risk are inherently favorable to the interests of regulated industries: by staging the possibility to measure future risks with precision, modeling harms the credibility of the other kinds of evidence that are used by regulatory agencies to establish risks, such as experiments on animals or studies on humans. In effect, the use of models would delay or even prevent agencies from being able to estimate risks, and would eventually halt their decision-making. This article provides a history of the development and use of the Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling technique to verify whether it has such an effect on the governance of chemicals. It shows that the effects of models on regulatory decision-making are often limited, for one main reason: models, their theoretical construction, and their parameters or outputs, are routinely evaluated by the modelers who work for regulatory agencies. Models do not therefore set the risk, but open a space for interpreting the value of different forms of knowledge about those risks. The political effects of modeling, and the extent to which they strengthen the power of one or the other actor in the governance of chemicals, depends on the position of this very actor in configurations of uncertainty, or the set of networks that control the evaluation of knowledge and of their uncertainties. From this perspective, the power of the industry is far from being absolute. |
Fabo, Pablo Ruiz; Poibeau, Thierry Mapping the Bentham Corpus: Concept-based Navigation Journal Article Journal of data mining and digital humanities , 2019. @article{Fabo2019, title = {Mapping the Bentham Corpus: Concept-based Navigation}, author = {Pablo Ruiz Fabo and Thierry Poibeau }, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01915730v2}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-06}, journal = {Journal of data mining and digital humanities }, abstract = {British philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) left over 60,000 folios of unpublished manuscripts. The Bentham Project, at University College London, is creating a TEI version of the manuscripts, via crowdsourced transcription verified by experts. We present here an interface to navigate these largely unedited manuscripts, and the language technologies the corpus was enriched with to facilitate navigation, i.e Entity Linking against the DBpedia knowledge base and keyphrase extraction. The challenges of tagging a historical domain-specific corpus with a contemporary knowledge base are discussed. The concepts extracted were used to create interactive co-occurrence networks, that serve as a map for the corpus and help navigate it, along with a search index. These corpus representations were integrated in a user interface. The interface was evaluated by domain experts with satisfactory results , e.g. they found the distributional semantics methods exploited here applicable in order to assist in retrieving related passages for scholarly editing of the corpus. }, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } British philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) left over 60,000 folios of unpublished manuscripts. The Bentham Project, at University College London, is creating a TEI version of the manuscripts, via crowdsourced transcription verified by experts. We present here an interface to navigate these largely unedited manuscripts, and the language technologies the corpus was enriched with to facilitate navigation, i.e Entity Linking against the DBpedia knowledge base and keyphrase extraction. The challenges of tagging a historical domain-specific corpus with a contemporary knowledge base are discussed. The concepts extracted were used to create interactive co-occurrence networks, that serve as a map for the corpus and help navigate it, along with a search index. These corpus representations were integrated in a user interface. The interface was evaluated by domain experts with satisfactory results , e.g. they found the distributional semantics methods exploited here applicable in order to assist in retrieving related passages for scholarly editing of the corpus. |
Tancoigne, Élise ; Baudry, Jérôme La tête dans les étoiles ? Faire sens de l’engagement dans le projet de science participative SETI@home Journal Article Réseaux, 214-215 , pp. 109-140, 2019. @article{Tancoigne2019, title = {La tête dans les étoiles ? Faire sens de l’engagement dans le projet de science participative SETI@home}, author = {Tancoigne, Élise and Baudry, Jérôme}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2019-2-page-109.htm}, doi = {10.3917/res.214.0109}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {Réseaux}, volume = {214-215}, pages = {109-140}, abstract = {De plus en plus de personnes participent à des projets de recherche via des plateformes de sciences participatives (citizen sciences) en ligne, dont les promesses d’éducation, de démocratisation et de production renouvelée des savoirs rencontreraient un public de profanes avides de science. En prenant l’exemple du projet d’astronomie SETI@home, lancé en 1999 et souvent cité comme pionnier des citizen sciences en ligne, nous partons des traces textuelles (profils, messages de forums) laissées en ligne par les participants pour explorer comment ils mettent en scène leur identité et font sens de leur engagement. Loin du « public imaginé » par les concepteurs des projets de citizen sciences se dessine alors l’image d’une communauté très hétérogène, moins intéressée par la science que par le dispositif même de mise en réseau des participants et de leurs ordinateurs.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De plus en plus de personnes participent à des projets de recherche via des plateformes de sciences participatives (citizen sciences) en ligne, dont les promesses d’éducation, de démocratisation et de production renouvelée des savoirs rencontreraient un public de profanes avides de science. En prenant l’exemple du projet d’astronomie SETI@home, lancé en 1999 et souvent cité comme pionnier des citizen sciences en ligne, nous partons des traces textuelles (profils, messages de forums) laissées en ligne par les participants pour explorer comment ils mettent en scène leur identité et font sens de leur engagement. Loin du « public imaginé » par les concepteurs des projets de citizen sciences se dessine alors l’image d’une communauté très hétérogène, moins intéressée par la science que par le dispositif même de mise en réseau des participants et de leurs ordinateurs. |
Loconto, Allison; Desquilbet, Marion; Moreau, Théo; Couvet, Denis; Dorin, Bruno The land sparing – land sharing controversy: Tracing the politics of knowledge Journal Article 2019. @article{Loconto2018, title = {The land sparing – land sharing controversy: Tracing the politics of knowledge}, author = {Allison Loconto and Marion Desquilbet and Théo Moreau and Denis Couvet and Bruno Dorin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.014}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, abstract = {Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around ‘productive’ land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around ‘productive’ land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production. |
Conferences |
Khan, Sana; Laurens, Patricia; Bas, Christian Le Frugal Innovation, Sustainability, and Sustainable Frugal Innovation: A conceptual clarification and empirical evidence Conference 2019. @conference{Khan2019, title = {Frugal Innovation, Sustainability, and Sustainable Frugal Innovation: A conceptual clarification and empirical evidence}, author = {Sana Khan and Patricia Laurens and Christian Le Bas}, url = {https://www.strategie-aims.com/events/conferences/30-xxviiieme-conference-de-l-aims/communications/5212-sustainability-in-frugal-innovation/download}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-01}, abstract = {Sustainable development sets up a major challenge for economic activity, climate change, management of organization and society. It follows that the drivers and impacts of frugal innovations (FI) should be analyzed in relation to sustainability as a new socio-economic paradigm. In this study, we note that FI and sustainability are related to two sets of literature mainly studied in isolation until now (with some notable exceptions like Brem and Yven, 2013 and Rosca et al., 2017). Our objective is to realize a necessary conciliation between the two. In others words, our research question is to explore how and to what extent FI is linked to sustainability. We contribute to the literature dealing with FI in three ways. First, we show how FI can generate more sustainable development while FI is not inherently sustainable. Secondly, we draw conclusions regarding a possible taxonomy of FI which is based on two extreme poles i.e., FIs have no marked sustainable effects vs. FIs are fully sustainable. Finally, we carry out an empirical analysis of a sample studies of FIs published in different academic or scientific journals to discover the different between the two forms of FI.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Sustainable development sets up a major challenge for economic activity, climate change, management of organization and society. It follows that the drivers and impacts of frugal innovations (FI) should be analyzed in relation to sustainability as a new socio-economic paradigm. In this study, we note that FI and sustainability are related to two sets of literature mainly studied in isolation until now (with some notable exceptions like Brem and Yven, 2013 and Rosca et al., 2017). Our objective is to realize a necessary conciliation between the two. In others words, our research question is to explore how and to what extent FI is linked to sustainability. We contribute to the literature dealing with FI in three ways. First, we show how FI can generate more sustainable development while FI is not inherently sustainable. Secondly, we draw conclusions regarding a possible taxonomy of FI which is based on two extreme poles i.e., FIs have no marked sustainable effects vs. FIs are fully sustainable. Finally, we carry out an empirical analysis of a sample studies of FIs published in different academic or scientific journals to discover the different between the two forms of FI. |
Book Chapters |
Struck-Kachani, Alexandra Familles et Trouble du spectre de l'autisme Book Chapter Dunod, (Ed.): Chapter 2, 2019. @inbook{Struck-Kachani2019, title = {Familles et Trouble du spectre de l'autisme}, author = {Alexandra Struck-Kachani}, editor = {Dunod}, url = {https://www.dunod.com/sciences-humaines-et-sociales/familles-et-trouble-du-spectre-autisme}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-01}, chapter = {2}, abstract = {Le Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA) représente la deuxième pathologie neuro-developpementale la plus fréquente chez l’enfant. Ce handicap, présent tout au long de la vie, a des conséquences majeures sur le fonctionnement de la personne, mais aussi sur l’entourage familial et notamment les parents. Alors qu’il est fréquent d’entendre parler du « retard français » dans le champ de l’autisme, cet ouvrage recense de façon inédite des travaux de recherche nationaux sur les problématiques rencontrées par les familles afin de mieux les comprendre et les accompagner. Il met en lumière les évolutions sociales de la place des familles de personnes avec un TSA (parents, couple, fratrie, grands-parents), leurs besoins et adaptation au quotidien, le partenariat parents-professionnels et enfin les dispositifs de soutien et d’accompagnement. Il donne également la parole à des professionnels et chercheurs, œuvrant sur l’ensemble du territoire français, mais aussi à des familles et associations.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Le Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA) représente la deuxième pathologie neuro-developpementale la plus fréquente chez l’enfant. Ce handicap, présent tout au long de la vie, a des conséquences majeures sur le fonctionnement de la personne, mais aussi sur l’entourage familial et notamment les parents. Alors qu’il est fréquent d’entendre parler du « retard français » dans le champ de l’autisme, cet ouvrage recense de façon inédite des travaux de recherche nationaux sur les problématiques rencontrées par les familles afin de mieux les comprendre et les accompagner. Il met en lumière les évolutions sociales de la place des familles de personnes avec un TSA (parents, couple, fratrie, grands-parents), leurs besoins et adaptation au quotidien, le partenariat parents-professionnels et enfin les dispositifs de soutien et d’accompagnement. Il donne également la parole à des professionnels et chercheurs, œuvrant sur l’ensemble du territoire français, mais aussi à des familles et associations. |
Miscellaneous |
Loconto, Allison; Silva-Castañeda, Laura; Arnold, Nadine; Jimenez, Alejandra Participatory Analysis of the Use and Impact of the Fairtrade Premium Miscellaneous 2019. @misc{Loconto2019, title = {Participatory Analysis of the Use and Impact of the Fairtrade Premium}, author = {Allison Loconto and Laura Silva-Castañeda and Nadine Arnold and Alejandra Jimenez}, url = {https://www.fairtrade.net/fileadmin/user_upload/content/2009/resources/2019_LISIS_UseImpactFairtradePremium.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, abstract = {This study was commissioned by Fairtrade Germany and Fairtrade International. It was carried out by a team of researchers working with the Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM) in the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences Innovations et Sociétés (LISIS). LISIS is an interdisciplinary research laboratory devoted to the study of science and innovations in society and is specifically renowned for its expertise on agri-food systems. It brings together 35 researchers and professors and 30 PhD and postdoctoral fellows from three core research disciplines: science and technology studies (STS), organization studies and digital studies. The project team was led by Dr. Allison Marie Loconto and included Dr. Laura Silva-Castañeda, Dr. Nadine Arnold and Ms. Alejandra Jimenez. The field research for the five case studies was carried out directly by the team. The African cases were conducted by Drs. Loconto and Arnold while the South American cases were conducted by Dr. Silva and Ms. Jimenez. Dr. Marc Barbier provided technical support for the CorTexT and IRaMuTeQ analysis used in this study.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } This study was commissioned by Fairtrade Germany and Fairtrade International. It was carried out by a team of researchers working with the Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM) in the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences Innovations et Sociétés (LISIS). LISIS is an interdisciplinary research laboratory devoted to the study of science and innovations in society and is specifically renowned for its expertise on agri-food systems. It brings together 35 researchers and professors and 30 PhD and postdoctoral fellows from three core research disciplines: science and technology studies (STS), organization studies and digital studies. The project team was led by Dr. Allison Marie Loconto and included Dr. Laura Silva-Castañeda, Dr. Nadine Arnold and Ms. Alejandra Jimenez. The field research for the five case studies was carried out directly by the team. The African cases were conducted by Drs. Loconto and Arnold while the South American cases were conducted by Dr. Silva and Ms. Jimenez. Dr. Marc Barbier provided technical support for the CorTexT and IRaMuTeQ analysis used in this study. |
Online |
Hasselbalch, Marie; Mayntzhusen, Trine Christensen Mapping Controversy: vaccine controversies Online 2019, visited: 05.03.2019. @online{Hasselbalch2019, title = {Mapping Controversy: vaccine controversies}, author = {Marie Hasselbalch and Trine Christensen Mayntzhusen}, url = {https://medium.com/mapping-controversy-vaccine-controversies/mapping-controversy-vaccine-controversies-vaccine-hesitancy-1-hand-in-39c761aefa80}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-15}, urldate = {2019-03-05}, journal = {Medium}, abstract = {The controversy on vaccines is a controversy because of its embedded value based, ethical and cultural arguments (Law, J. & Singleton, V., 2014). The key issues include both scientific discussions on whether or not scientific results are valid, more specifically an example of the controversy of the Mumps, Measles and Rubella vaccine (MMR) and its relation to cause autism in children. As well as dissemination of specific arguments for or against vaccines from a broad perspective. The nuances of vaccine controversies are not only revolving around the bilateral relation of pro- and anti-vaccination, because the controversy exists of many sub-controversies and subdiscussions. This shows a controversy of high complexity and being reduction-resistant (Venturini, T., 2010a). (Vaccine hesitancy, 2018). This controversy is mapped through an actor-network theory (ANT) approach; thus an actor is whatever makes a difference through action in a situation, human or non-human (Venturini, T., 2010a). An example of a significant actor in this specific controversy could be Andrew Wakefield, an anti-vaccine activist and former British doctor, who has had a great impact on the issue about vaccine hesitancy and connection between MMR and autism. The first part of this article will revolve around data harvesting of a Wikipedia category and the member pages, and different networks and visualisations of these with annotations. The second half will focus on how debates on a social media platform communicate about vaccine controversies, here specifically Reddit. We would like to map how different networks occur in the vaccine controversy debate. Besides, explore the key issues and actors in the debate on vaccine controversies on both Wikipedia’s category pages (under ‘Vaccine Controversies’) and Reddit as a social media platform.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } The controversy on vaccines is a controversy because of its embedded value based, ethical and cultural arguments (Law, J. & Singleton, V., 2014). The key issues include both scientific discussions on whether or not scientific results are valid, more specifically an example of the controversy of the Mumps, Measles and Rubella vaccine (MMR) and its relation to cause autism in children. As well as dissemination of specific arguments for or against vaccines from a broad perspective. The nuances of vaccine controversies are not only revolving around the bilateral relation of pro- and anti-vaccination, because the controversy exists of many sub-controversies and subdiscussions. This shows a controversy of high complexity and being reduction-resistant (Venturini, T., 2010a). (Vaccine hesitancy, 2018). This controversy is mapped through an actor-network theory (ANT) approach; thus an actor is whatever makes a difference through action in a situation, human or non-human (Venturini, T., 2010a). An example of a significant actor in this specific controversy could be Andrew Wakefield, an anti-vaccine activist and former British doctor, who has had a great impact on the issue about vaccine hesitancy and connection between MMR and autism. The first part of this article will revolve around data harvesting of a Wikipedia category and the member pages, and different networks and visualisations of these with annotations. The second half will focus on how debates on a social media platform communicate about vaccine controversies, here specifically Reddit. We would like to map how different networks occur in the vaccine controversy debate. Besides, explore the key issues and actors in the debate on vaccine controversies on both Wikipedia’s category pages (under ‘Vaccine Controversies’) and Reddit as a social media platform. |
Thorsen, Ann-Sofie; Kamstrup, Jeppe; de Neergaard, Rasmus; van den Heuvel., Johannes Mapping Controversies: Abortion Debate (Wikipedia & arenas for debate) Online 2019, visited: 05.03.2019. @online{Thorsen2019, title = {Mapping Controversies: Abortion Debate (Wikipedia & arenas for debate)}, author = {Ann-Sofie Thorsen and Jeppe Kamstrup and Rasmus de Neergaard and Johannes van den Heuvel.}, url = {https://towardsdatascience.com/mapping-controversies-abortion-debate-7235029fc6d9}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-15}, urldate = {2019-03-05}, journal = {Medium}, series = {Towards Data Sciences}, abstract = {The discussion surrounding this subject is one that has been around since the act of abortion became a possibility. While it is often easy to find the controversy outside in the real world, we went to Wikipedia to investigate how an online encyclopaedia that pursues neutrality would present it. Through the use of digital methods and harvesting online data we investigate how the abortion debate unfolds itself in the arena of Wikipedia. Our finding perhaps shows us more about how Wikipedia and the Anglo-American world functions when it tries to settle controversial topics in society.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } The discussion surrounding this subject is one that has been around since the act of abortion became a possibility. While it is often easy to find the controversy outside in the real world, we went to Wikipedia to investigate how an online encyclopaedia that pursues neutrality would present it. Through the use of digital methods and harvesting online data we investigate how the abortion debate unfolds itself in the arena of Wikipedia. Our finding perhaps shows us more about how Wikipedia and the Anglo-American world functions when it tries to settle controversial topics in society. |
PhD Theses |
Milia, Matias Federico Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016. PhD Thesis Forthcoming Flacso, México, Forthcoming, (ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373). @phdthesis{Milia2019, title = {Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016.}, author = {Matias Federico Milia}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, school = {Flacso, México}, abstract = {Scientific research has been thought of as a major tool to face the great challenges of our time. By stressing the role of concepts as governance technologies that mediate between science and society, this thesis builds on the emergence and consolidation of a research area around the concept of Renewable Energies. It focuses on the time span that goes from 1992 to 2016, a 26-year period where a climate governance scheme has emerged and given a global relevance to the quest for new forms of energy. Building on the analysis of scientific literature, it takes special attention to the different ways researchers all over the world have interpreted this same concept. It highlights two national cases, namely Argentina and México, stressing how these two Latin-American countries have inserted themselves in a global scenario. At the same time, it takes special attention to the national specificities of their own enterprises. Using methods from computational social sciences, it analyses the ways that social relevance has been constructed on parliamentary debates and national press. This work shows how different thematic clusters develop around the concept of renewables and how they evolve over time and take mainly national particularities. It builds conclusions from a theoretical and methodological point of view by problematizing the current knowledge production regime, its growing strategic bias and the ways that new knowledge production frames can be thought of when facing future-oriented questions.}, note = {ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Scientific research has been thought of as a major tool to face the great challenges of our time. By stressing the role of concepts as governance technologies that mediate between science and society, this thesis builds on the emergence and consolidation of a research area around the concept of Renewable Energies. It focuses on the time span that goes from 1992 to 2016, a 26-year period where a climate governance scheme has emerged and given a global relevance to the quest for new forms of energy. Building on the analysis of scientific literature, it takes special attention to the different ways researchers all over the world have interpreted this same concept. It highlights two national cases, namely Argentina and México, stressing how these two Latin-American countries have inserted themselves in a global scenario. At the same time, it takes special attention to the national specificities of their own enterprises. Using methods from computational social sciences, it analyses the ways that social relevance has been constructed on parliamentary debates and national press. This work shows how different thematic clusters develop around the concept of renewables and how they evolve over time and take mainly national particularities. It builds conclusions from a theoretical and methodological point of view by problematizing the current knowledge production regime, its growing strategic bias and the ways that new knowledge production frames can be thought of when facing future-oriented questions. |
Perruchas, François Denis Xavier Green Innovation: an empirical analysis of technology, skills and policy PhD Thesis Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny , 2019. @phdthesis{Perruchas2019, title = {Green Innovation: an empirical analysis of technology, skills and policy}, author = {François Denis Xavier Perruchas}, url = {https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/119965}, doi = {10.4995/Thesis/10251/119965}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-22}, school = {Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny }, abstract = {The foreseeable outcomes of the transition towards low-carbon economies are multiple and affect in different ways policy-makers, world regions, firms and consumers. It has long been acknowledged that at the core of this transition stand environmental innovations which are developed to enhance the long-term sustainability of economic growth. The main pillars of this study are two. First, environmental challenges are different, and so are the responses that are needed to tackle them. The main consequence of this is that the current focus on green technology as a homogeneous block of undifferentiated entities is misleading. Second, the adaptation of production and distribution systems is ultimately carried through by human labour and analysing the transition to environmentally sustainable societies requires a thorough understanding of how work activities are designed, implemented and changed to accommodate new policy imperatives and/or new technological opportunities. Empirical evidence on either of these two pillars is scant or fragmented. The present thesis seeks to fill these gaps through the development of a database on green innovations, of a measure of the life cycle of green technologies, and of the corresponding explorations to scrutinize the relation between green technology production, the territories' characteristics and skills' base of labour market over time and space. The dataset is created identifying green patent in PATSTAT 2016a database using ENV-TECH classification (OECD, 2016) and geolocalizing their inventors. The result is a database covering green innovation worldwide from the 19$^{th}$ century to 2015, even if the period studied is smaller: 1970-2010. This dataset permits a first overview of green technologies evolution over time and space, where we can see differences in terms of country evolution and among technologies in terms of complexity, maybe related with the presence of an heteregeneous body of emerging and mature technologies. To explore further this hypothesis, we develop a methodology to measure technology life cycle stages, and we apply it to understand the patterns of evolution of green technology production at country level. We find that capabilities are more important than wealth to diversify in green innovation, and mature green technologies are positively associated with specialization. We continue the exploration of the relation between local capabilities, life cycle and patent activity in US federal states where we discover that green innovation is more associated than innovation in general with the recombination of distant knowledge, especially in early phases of the life cycle. Finally, we investigate at US commuting zones level the effects of public procurement on green innovation, taking into account local capabilities again, but using labour market skills instead of knowledge recombination variety. We find that green public procurement has a positive and significant effect, in particular in territories with an important share of abstract skills in labour population.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } The foreseeable outcomes of the transition towards low-carbon economies are multiple and affect in different ways policy-makers, world regions, firms and consumers. It has long been acknowledged that at the core of this transition stand environmental innovations which are developed to enhance the long-term sustainability of economic growth. The main pillars of this study are two. First, environmental challenges are different, and so are the responses that are needed to tackle them. The main consequence of this is that the current focus on green technology as a homogeneous block of undifferentiated entities is misleading. Second, the adaptation of production and distribution systems is ultimately carried through by human labour and analysing the transition to environmentally sustainable societies requires a thorough understanding of how work activities are designed, implemented and changed to accommodate new policy imperatives and/or new technological opportunities. Empirical evidence on either of these two pillars is scant or fragmented. The present thesis seeks to fill these gaps through the development of a database on green innovations, of a measure of the life cycle of green technologies, and of the corresponding explorations to scrutinize the relation between green technology production, the territories' characteristics and skills' base of labour market over time and space. The dataset is created identifying green patent in PATSTAT 2016a database using ENV-TECH classification (OECD, 2016) and geolocalizing their inventors. The result is a database covering green innovation worldwide from the 19$^{th}$ century to 2015, even if the period studied is smaller: 1970-2010. This dataset permits a first overview of green technologies evolution over time and space, where we can see differences in terms of country evolution and among technologies in terms of complexity, maybe related with the presence of an heteregeneous body of emerging and mature technologies. To explore further this hypothesis, we develop a methodology to measure technology life cycle stages, and we apply it to understand the patterns of evolution of green technology production at country level. We find that capabilities are more important than wealth to diversify in green innovation, and mature green technologies are positively associated with specialization. We continue the exploration of the relation between local capabilities, life cycle and patent activity in US federal states where we discover that green innovation is more associated than innovation in general with the recombination of distant knowledge, especially in early phases of the life cycle. Finally, we investigate at US commuting zones level the effects of public procurement on green innovation, taking into account local capabilities again, but using labour market skills instead of knowledge recombination variety. We find that green public procurement has a positive and significant effect, in particular in territories with an important share of abstract skills in labour population. |
2018 |
Journal Articles |
Nicot, Rose; Bellon, Stéphane; Loconto, Allison; Ollivier, Guillaume The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology Journal Article Open Agriculture, 3 (1), pp. 537–552, 2018. @article{Nicot2018, title = {The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology}, author = {Rose Nicot and Stéphane Bellon and Allison Loconto and Guillaume Ollivier}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0058}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-05}, journal = {Open Agriculture}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {537–552}, abstract = {In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme. |
Réchauchère, Olivier; Akkari, Monia EL; Perchec, Sophie Le; Makowski, David; Gabrielle, Benoît; Bispo, Antonio An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts Journal Article Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 30 , pp. 1-13, 2018. @article{Réchauchère2018, title = {An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts}, author = {Olivier Réchauchère and Monia EL Akkari and Sophie Le Perchec and David Makowski and Benoît Gabrielle and Antonio Bispo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_1}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-04}, journal = {Sustainable Agriculture Reviews}, volume = { 30}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort. |
Poletti, Chiara; Michieli, Marco Smart cities, social media platforms and security: online content regulation as a site of controversy and conflict Journal Article City, Territory and Architecture, 5 (20), 2018. @article{Poletti2018, title = {Smart cities, social media platforms and security: online content regulation as a site of controversy and conflict}, author = {Chiara Poletti and Marco Michieli}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-018-0096-2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-13}, journal = {City, Territory and Architecture}, volume = {5}, number = {20}, abstract = {Smart, technologically managed city-regions are one of the main characteristics of the contemporary world. Since the attack to the Charlie Hebdo offices, city-regions and social media digital technologies have increasingly been changing the definition of ‘territory of security’ and ‘security governance’. What are the characteristics of the security architecture created by the interaction of smart city-regions and digital technologies? Drawing from Actor-Network theory and Science and Technology Studies, we provide an empirical account of the shape of this new territory, by presenting a study of the controversy concerning security and social media in UK, the role of cities in this changed security space, and how social sciences can help better understand and respond to the opportunities and threats of smart cities.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Smart, technologically managed city-regions are one of the main characteristics of the contemporary world. Since the attack to the Charlie Hebdo offices, city-regions and social media digital technologies have increasingly been changing the definition of ‘territory of security’ and ‘security governance’. What are the characteristics of the security architecture created by the interaction of smart city-regions and digital technologies? Drawing from Actor-Network theory and Science and Technology Studies, we provide an empirical account of the shape of this new territory, by presenting a study of the controversy concerning security and social media in UK, the role of cities in this changed security space, and how social sciences can help better understand and respond to the opportunities and threats of smart cities. |
O’Halloran, Sharyn; Chen, Karen; Biswas, Rudra Guha M; Kim, Hoon; Liu, Pu; Zhang, YouFei; Zhou, YunPeng Delegating Regulation: European Union and Financial Markets Journal Article Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles, 2018 (4), pp. 91-111 , 2018. @article{O’Halloran2018, title = {Delegating Regulation: European Union and Financial Markets}, author = {Sharyn O’Halloran and Karen Chen and Rudra M Guha Biswas and Hoon Kim and Pu Liu and YouFei Zhang and YunPeng Zhou}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-realites-industrielles-2018-4-page-91.htm}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-01}, journal = {Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {91-111 }, abstract = {This paper analyzes the design of financial regulatory structure in the European Union. We develop a two-pronged approach to track changes in decision-making authority in EU financial market regulations and directives enacted from 1964 to the present. Traditional observational data collection methods manually code laws to identify the amount of discretionary authority delegated to regulatory bodies that oversee segments of financial markets. The lack of robustness and scalability of this approach, however, may limit the generalizability of observational studies. To remedy these potential shortcomings, we match observational methods with data science techniques, in particular natural language processing, to visualize complex patterns in the text of laws and temporal movements. The combination of both observational and computational approaches provides more detailed insights of the various elements of financial regulatory structure and the temporal allocation of decision-making authority among the European Commission, regulatory agencies and the Members States. Our analysis indicates that both the scope and location of decision-making authority shifted over time, moving from Member States to EU regulatory agencies. The amount of discretionary authority delegated to EU agencies to implement regulations, on the other hand, has remained largely unchanged.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper analyzes the design of financial regulatory structure in the European Union. We develop a two-pronged approach to track changes in decision-making authority in EU financial market regulations and directives enacted from 1964 to the present. Traditional observational data collection methods manually code laws to identify the amount of discretionary authority delegated to regulatory bodies that oversee segments of financial markets. The lack of robustness and scalability of this approach, however, may limit the generalizability of observational studies. To remedy these potential shortcomings, we match observational methods with data science techniques, in particular natural language processing, to visualize complex patterns in the text of laws and temporal movements. The combination of both observational and computational approaches provides more detailed insights of the various elements of financial regulatory structure and the temporal allocation of decision-making authority among the European Commission, regulatory agencies and the Members States. Our analysis indicates that both the scope and location of decision-making authority shifted over time, moving from Member States to EU regulatory agencies. The amount of discretionary authority delegated to EU agencies to implement regulations, on the other hand, has remained largely unchanged. |
Robinson, Douglas K R; Lagnau, Axel; Boon, Wouter P C Innovation pathways in additive manufacturing: Methods for tracing emerging and branching paths from rapid prototyping to alternative applications Journal Article Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2018. @article{Robinson2018, title = {Innovation pathways in additive manufacturing: Methods for tracing emerging and branching paths from rapid prototyping to alternative applications}, author = {Douglas K.R. Robinson and Axel Lagnau and Wouter P.C. Boon}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.012}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-26}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, abstract = {In recent years, the Forecasting Innovation Pathway approach (FIP) has shown to be a promising set of tools to capture potential developments in emerging fields through capturing indications of endogenous futures. However, the FIP approach is reliant on a clear demarcated area to study, a challenge for emerging technology fields where uncertainty and rhetoric abound. This paper presents an addition to the FIP toolbox that helps characterise and demarcate boundaries of emerging fields to allow for deeper analysis through other FIP methods. We illustrate this approach through an exercise for 3D printing technology (also known as Additive Manufacturing). We show that 3D printing can be represented by a dominant design: a tri-partite configuration of printer, material and digital design software. In the past decade we have seen significant branching from applications in rapid-prototyping to medical, fashion, aeronautics and supply chain management with a variety of elements coming together in tri-partite configurations. The paper adds to the current FTA literature an approach building on evolutionary theories of technical change to help with such situations – emerging, evolving and branching ‘innovation pathways’. Moreover, we developed a methodology to construct these innovation paths.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In recent years, the Forecasting Innovation Pathway approach (FIP) has shown to be a promising set of tools to capture potential developments in emerging fields through capturing indications of endogenous futures. However, the FIP approach is reliant on a clear demarcated area to study, a challenge for emerging technology fields where uncertainty and rhetoric abound. This paper presents an addition to the FIP toolbox that helps characterise and demarcate boundaries of emerging fields to allow for deeper analysis through other FIP methods. We illustrate this approach through an exercise for 3D printing technology (also known as Additive Manufacturing). We show that 3D printing can be represented by a dominant design: a tri-partite configuration of printer, material and digital design software. In the past decade we have seen significant branching from applications in rapid-prototyping to medical, fashion, aeronautics and supply chain management with a variety of elements coming together in tri-partite configurations. The paper adds to the current FTA literature an approach building on evolutionary theories of technical change to help with such situations – emerging, evolving and branching ‘innovation pathways’. Moreover, we developed a methodology to construct these innovation paths. |
Hoffman, Mark Anthony; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Brandt, Philipp; Key, Newton; Bearman, Peter The (Protestant) Bible, the (printed) sermon, and the word(s): The semantic structure of the Conformist and Dissenting Bible, 1660–1780 Journal Article Poetics, 68 , pp. 89-103, 2018. @article{Hoffman2018, title = {The (Protestant) Bible, the (printed) sermon, and the word(s): The semantic structure of the Conformist and Dissenting Bible, 1660–1780}, author = {Mark Anthony Hoffman and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Philipp Brandt and Newton Key and Peter Bearman}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2017.11.002}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {Poetics}, volume = {68}, pages = {89-103}, abstract = {Using co-occurrence methods for identifying semantic structure in texts, we first describe the structure of the Protestant Bible, focusing on the ways in which contents of the Bible are organized in both the New and Old Testaments. We introduce a strategy for capturing the co-occurrence of nouns and verbs in windows defined by verses that progressively move across the text, from start to finish in a manner similar to reading. We then consider how Dissenters and Conformists used the Bible by locating Biblical verse in sermons printed in England during the period from 1660 to 1780. We describe how chapters are linked by themes over time, by dissenting and conformist religious communities, and map Dissenter and Conformist uses of the Bible onto its semantic structure. We show that it is possible to induce a semantic network image of the Bible, that this structure serves as a skeletal frame for interpretation, thereby highlighting different contents as central to denominations’ religious inspirations and concerns.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using co-occurrence methods for identifying semantic structure in texts, we first describe the structure of the Protestant Bible, focusing on the ways in which contents of the Bible are organized in both the New and Old Testaments. We introduce a strategy for capturing the co-occurrence of nouns and verbs in windows defined by verses that progressively move across the text, from start to finish in a manner similar to reading. We then consider how Dissenters and Conformists used the Bible by locating Biblical verse in sermons printed in England during the period from 1660 to 1780. We describe how chapters are linked by themes over time, by dissenting and conformist religious communities, and map Dissenter and Conformist uses of the Bible onto its semantic structure. We show that it is possible to induce a semantic network image of the Bible, that this structure serves as a skeletal frame for interpretation, thereby highlighting different contents as central to denominations’ religious inspirations and concerns. |
Wezel, Alexander; Goette, Julia; Lagneaux, Elisabeth; Passuello, Gloria; Reisman, Erica; Rodier, Christophe; Turpin, Grégoire Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems Journal Article Sustainability, 10 (4), pp. 1214, 2018. @article{Wezel2018b, title = {Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems}, author = {Alexander Wezel and Julia Goette and Elisabeth Lagneaux and Gloria Passuello and Erica Reisman and Christophe Rodier and Grégoire Turpin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041214}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-17}, journal = {Sustainability}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {1214}, abstract = {Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text |
Matos, Fábio L; Ross, Steve W; ann ida Huvenne, Veerle; Davies, Jaime; Cunha, Marina R Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias Journal Article Progress in Oceanography, 2018. @article{matos2018canyons, title = {Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias}, author = {Fábio L Matos and Steve W Ross and Veerle ann ida Huvenne and Jaime Davies and Marina R Cunha}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.04.010}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Progress in Oceanography}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons. |
Akkari, Monia EL; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change Journal Article Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 30 , pp. 15-38, 2018. @article{Akkari2018, title = {Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change}, author = {Monia EL Akkari and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = { Sustainable Agriculture Reviews}, volume = {30}, pages = {15-38}, abstract = {Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production. |
