LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
2019 |
Journal Articles |
René Baumont, Agnès Girard Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales Journal Article INRA Production Animale, 32 (2), pp. 87-94, 2019. @article{Baumont2019, title = {Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales }, author = {René Baumont, Agnès Girard}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02315856/}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.2.2543}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-14}, journal = {INRA Production Animale}, volume = {32}, number = {2}, pages = {87-94}, abstract = {Prenant la suite du « Bulletin technique du Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires de Theix », la revue « INRA Productions Animales » a vu le jour en 1988 en tant que revue de transfert du secteur animal de l’INRA. Depuis plus de 30 ans maintenant, cet objectif a été maintenu (Perez et al., 2008). Il s’agit de publier des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les produc-tions animales, à destination de l’en-semble des utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche (étudiants, enseignants, conseillers, chercheurs, décideurs...) pour mieux faire connaître les travaux et les réflexions menés par l’INRA et ses collaborateurs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Prenant la suite du « Bulletin technique du Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires de Theix », la revue « INRA Productions Animales » a vu le jour en 1988 en tant que revue de transfert du secteur animal de l’INRA. Depuis plus de 30 ans maintenant, cet objectif a été maintenu (Perez et al., 2008). Il s’agit de publier des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les produc-tions animales, à destination de l’en-semble des utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche (étudiants, enseignants, conseillers, chercheurs, décideurs...) pour mieux faire connaître les travaux et les réflexions menés par l’INRA et ses collaborateurs. |
de Espécie, Mariana Assis; Carvalho, Pedro Ninôde; Pinheiro, Maria Fernanda Bacile; Rosenthal, Vinicius Mesquita; da Silva, Leyla Ferreira A; de Pinheiro, Mariana Rodrigues Carvalhaes; Espig, Silvana Andreoli; Mariani, Carolina Fiorillo; de Almeida, Elisângela Medeiros; dos Sodré, Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu Santos Ecosystem services and renewable power generation: A preliminary literature review Journal Article Renewable Energy, 140 , pp. 39-51, 2019. @article{deEspécie2019, title = {Ecosystem services and renewable power generation: A preliminary literature review}, author = {Mariana de Assis Espécie and Pedro Ninôde Carvalho and Maria Fernanda Bacile Pinheiro and Vinicius Mesquita Rosenthal and Leyla A. Ferreira da Silva and Mariana Rodrigues de Carvalhaes Pinheiro and Silvana Andreoli Espig and Carolina Fiorillo Mariani and Elisângela Medeiros de Almeida and Federica Natasha Ganança Abreu dos Santos Sodré}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.076}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, journal = {Renewable Energy}, volume = {140}, pages = {39-51}, abstract = {The term ecosystem services describes a relatively novel approach that directly associates the environment to the provision of human well-being, a concept to which renewable power generation is intrinsically connected. In light of this, the present work characterizes the evolution of the ecosystem services approach as it relates to power generation from renewable sources and identifies trends that have being applied in the field worldwide. The baseline data for the analyses were retrieved from queries of an online scientific database, from which articles that contained the term “ecosystem services” and terms related to renewable energy sources were selected. Chiefly influenced by the publication of reference documents on this issue, the literature review that supported this study demonstrates some trends regarding the ecosystem services approach to renewables, most of which are related to hydropower, including the following: (i) concerns about the degree of dependence that hydropower facilities have on forest conservation; (ii) the relevance of watershed land management for reducing soil erosion to enhance energy generation by hydropower plants; (iii) the emergence of environmentally friendly operational schemes to preserve and/or alleviate the impacts of hydropower plants on river ecosystem services; (iv) the adoption of payment for ecosystem services as an instrument to foment land use strategies that benefit hydropower generation by the engagement of different stakeholders; and (v) the use of economic valuation methods as means to address trade-off scenarios between energy generation and the maintenance of certain ecosystem services. In this process, universities, governments, companies, nongovernmental organizations and even the United Nations have been engaged in different manners of discussions as a reflection of the different positions they have assumed on the subject. The results gathered indicate that there are still opportunities to improve the ecosystem services approach by extending its use to the early stages of renewable energy facilities planning, such as the environmental impact assessments of these projects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The term ecosystem services describes a relatively novel approach that directly associates the environment to the provision of human well-being, a concept to which renewable power generation is intrinsically connected. In light of this, the present work characterizes the evolution of the ecosystem services approach as it relates to power generation from renewable sources and identifies trends that have being applied in the field worldwide. The baseline data for the analyses were retrieved from queries of an online scientific database, from which articles that contained the term “ecosystem services” and terms related to renewable energy sources were selected. Chiefly influenced by the publication of reference documents on this issue, the literature review that supported this study demonstrates some trends regarding the ecosystem services approach to renewables, most of which are related to hydropower, including the following: (i) concerns about the degree of dependence that hydropower facilities have on forest conservation; (ii) the relevance of watershed land management for reducing soil erosion to enhance energy generation by hydropower plants; (iii) the emergence of environmentally friendly operational schemes to preserve and/or alleviate the impacts of hydropower plants on river ecosystem services; (iv) the adoption of payment for ecosystem services as an instrument to foment land use strategies that benefit hydropower generation by the engagement of different stakeholders; and (v) the use of economic valuation methods as means to address trade-off scenarios between energy generation and the maintenance of certain ecosystem services. In this process, universities, governments, companies, nongovernmental organizations and even the United Nations have been engaged in different manners of discussions as a reflection of the different positions they have assumed on the subject. The results gathered indicate that there are still opportunities to improve the ecosystem services approach by extending its use to the early stages of renewable energy facilities planning, such as the environmental impact assessments of these projects. |
Noël, Marianne 'Made in Europe for the World': Making a Claim for a European Chemistry in Publication Programs. The Case of the Supramolecular Chemistry (1987-2005) Journal Article Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi, Volume LIII 1 - 2019 , pp. 141-180, 2019, ISSN: 2532-4969. @article{Noël2019, title = {'Made in Europe for the World': Making a Claim for a European Chemistry in Publication Programs. The Case of the Supramolecular Chemistry (1987-2005)}, author = {Marianne Noël}, url = {http://www.annalsfondazioneluigieinaudi.it/en/browse/current-issue/6-volume-liii-1/87-made-in-europe-for-the-world-making-a-claim-for-a-european-chemistry-in-publication-programs.-the-case-of-the-supramolecular-chemistry-1987-2005}, doi = {10.26331/1075}, issn = {2532-4969}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-01}, journal = {Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi}, volume = {Volume LIII 1 - 2019}, pages = {141-180}, abstract = {The University of Strasbourg is the birthplace of a research specialty (supramolecular chemistry or SMC) which has grown considerably in the last 40 years and has had a significant scientific impact. The emergence of SMC was orchestrated to a large extent by Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Lehn, but a network of scientists, as well as the University and the Alsace Region, were also key players in this regard. Lehn was instrumental in the creation of a series of European chemistry journals in the late 1990s, whose genealogy I trace. My purpose is to examine the conditions of the success of a case of European integration that is not a major technological program but simply a “publication infrastructure”. Based on an historical analysis completed with a fieldwork study, I argue that the circulation and appropriation of concepts and languages of the SMC were central in the development of a European “publication program”. I show that this program created a sense of Europeanness that was also shaped in relation to the extra-European world, both in opposition (standing against the USA) and yet open to the world, as illustrated in the motto “Made in Europe for the world”.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The University of Strasbourg is the birthplace of a research specialty (supramolecular chemistry or SMC) which has grown considerably in the last 40 years and has had a significant scientific impact. The emergence of SMC was orchestrated to a large extent by Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Lehn, but a network of scientists, as well as the University and the Alsace Region, were also key players in this regard. Lehn was instrumental in the creation of a series of European chemistry journals in the late 1990s, whose genealogy I trace. My purpose is to examine the conditions of the success of a case of European integration that is not a major technological program but simply a “publication infrastructure”. Based on an historical analysis completed with a fieldwork study, I argue that the circulation and appropriation of concepts and languages of the SMC were central in the development of a European “publication program”. I show that this program created a sense of Europeanness that was also shaped in relation to the extra-European world, both in opposition (standing against the USA) and yet open to the world, as illustrated in the motto “Made in Europe for the world”. |
Tancoigne, Élisea ; Baudry, Jérôme La tête dans les étoiles ? Faire sens de l’engagement dans le projet de science participative SETI@home Journal Article Réseaux, 214-215 , pp. 109-140, 2019. @article{Tancoigne2019, title = {La tête dans les étoiles ? Faire sens de l’engagement dans le projet de science participative SETI@home}, author = {Tancoigne, Élisea and Baudry, Jérôme}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2019-2-page-109.htm}, doi = {10.3917/res.214.0109}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {Réseaux}, volume = {214-215}, pages = {109-140}, abstract = {De plus en plus de personnes participent à des projets de recherche via des plateformes de sciences participatives (citizen sciences) en ligne, dont les promesses d’éducation, de démocratisation et de production renouvelée des savoirs rencontreraient un public de profanes avides de science. En prenant l’exemple du projet d’astronomie SETI@home, lancé en 1999 et souvent cité comme pionnier des citizen sciences en ligne, nous partons des traces textuelles (profils, messages de forums) laissées en ligne par les participants pour explorer comment ils mettent en scène leur identité et font sens de leur engagement. Loin du « public imaginé » par les concepteurs des projets de citizen sciences se dessine alors l’image d’une communauté très hétérogène, moins intéressée par la science que par le dispositif même de mise en réseau des participants et de leurs ordinateurs.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De plus en plus de personnes participent à des projets de recherche via des plateformes de sciences participatives (citizen sciences) en ligne, dont les promesses d’éducation, de démocratisation et de production renouvelée des savoirs rencontreraient un public de profanes avides de science. En prenant l’exemple du projet d’astronomie SETI@home, lancé en 1999 et souvent cité comme pionnier des citizen sciences en ligne, nous partons des traces textuelles (profils, messages de forums) laissées en ligne par les participants pour explorer comment ils mettent en scène leur identité et font sens de leur engagement. Loin du « public imaginé » par les concepteurs des projets de citizen sciences se dessine alors l’image d’une communauté très hétérogène, moins intéressée par la science que par le dispositif même de mise en réseau des participants et de leurs ordinateurs. |
Loconto, Allison; Desquilbet, Marion; Moreau, Théo; Couvet, Denis; Dorin, Bruno The land sparing – land sharing controversy: Tracing the politics of knowledge Journal Article 2019. @article{Loconto2018, title = {The land sparing – land sharing controversy: Tracing the politics of knowledge}, author = {Allison Loconto and Marion Desquilbet and Théo Moreau and Denis Couvet and Bruno Dorin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.014}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, abstract = {Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around ‘productive’ land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around ‘productive’ land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production. |
Miscellaneous |
Loconto, Allison; Silva-Castañeda, Laura; Arnold, Nadine; Jimenez, Alejandra Participatory Analysis of the Use and Impact of the Fairtrade Premium Miscellaneous 2019. @misc{Loconto2019, title = {Participatory Analysis of the Use and Impact of the Fairtrade Premium}, author = {Allison Loconto and Laura Silva-Castañeda and Nadine Arnold and Alejandra Jimenez}, url = {https://www.fairtrade.net/fileadmin/user_upload/content/2009/resources/2019_LISIS_UseImpactFairtradePremium.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, abstract = {This study was commissioned by Fairtrade Germany and Fairtrade International. It was carried out by a team of researchers working with the Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM) in the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences Innovations et Sociétés (LISIS). LISIS is an interdisciplinary research laboratory devoted to the study of science and innovations in society and is specifically renowned for its expertise on agri-food systems. It brings together 35 researchers and professors and 30 PhD and postdoctoral fellows from three core research disciplines: science and technology studies (STS), organization studies and digital studies. The project team was led by Dr. Allison Marie Loconto and included Dr. Laura Silva-Castañeda, Dr. Nadine Arnold and Ms. Alejandra Jimenez. The field research for the five case studies was carried out directly by the team. The African cases were conducted by Drs. Loconto and Arnold while the South American cases were conducted by Dr. Silva and Ms. Jimenez. Dr. Marc Barbier provided technical support for the CorTexT and IRaMuTeQ analysis used in this study.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } This study was commissioned by Fairtrade Germany and Fairtrade International. It was carried out by a team of researchers working with the Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM) in the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences Innovations et Sociétés (LISIS). LISIS is an interdisciplinary research laboratory devoted to the study of science and innovations in society and is specifically renowned for its expertise on agri-food systems. It brings together 35 researchers and professors and 30 PhD and postdoctoral fellows from three core research disciplines: science and technology studies (STS), organization studies and digital studies. The project team was led by Dr. Allison Marie Loconto and included Dr. Laura Silva-Castañeda, Dr. Nadine Arnold and Ms. Alejandra Jimenez. The field research for the five case studies was carried out directly by the team. The African cases were conducted by Drs. Loconto and Arnold while the South American cases were conducted by Dr. Silva and Ms. Jimenez. Dr. Marc Barbier provided technical support for the CorTexT and IRaMuTeQ analysis used in this study. |
Online |
Hasselbalch, Marie; Mayntzhusen, Trine Christensen Mapping Controversy: vaccine controversies Online 2019, visited: 05.03.2019. @online{Hasselbalch2019, title = {Mapping Controversy: vaccine controversies}, author = {Marie Hasselbalch and Trine Christensen Mayntzhusen}, url = {https://medium.com/mapping-controversy-vaccine-controversies/mapping-controversy-vaccine-controversies-vaccine-hesitancy-1-hand-in-39c761aefa80}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-15}, urldate = {2019-03-05}, journal = {Medium}, abstract = {The controversy on vaccines is a controversy because of its embedded value based, ethical and cultural arguments (Law, J. & Singleton, V., 2014). The key issues include both scientific discussions on whether or not scientific results are valid, more specifically an example of the controversy of the Mumps, Measles and Rubella vaccine (MMR) and its relation to cause autism in children. As well as dissemination of specific arguments for or against vaccines from a broad perspective. The nuances of vaccine controversies are not only revolving around the bilateral relation of pro- and anti-vaccination, because the controversy exists of many sub-controversies and subdiscussions. This shows a controversy of high complexity and being reduction-resistant (Venturini, T., 2010a). (Vaccine hesitancy, 2018). This controversy is mapped through an actor-network theory (ANT) approach; thus an actor is whatever makes a difference through action in a situation, human or non-human (Venturini, T., 2010a). An example of a significant actor in this specific controversy could be Andrew Wakefield, an anti-vaccine activist and former British doctor, who has had a great impact on the issue about vaccine hesitancy and connection between MMR and autism. The first part of this article will revolve around data harvesting of a Wikipedia category and the member pages, and different networks and visualisations of these with annotations. The second half will focus on how debates on a social media platform communicate about vaccine controversies, here specifically Reddit. We would like to map how different networks occur in the vaccine controversy debate. Besides, explore the key issues and actors in the debate on vaccine controversies on both Wikipedia’s category pages (under ‘Vaccine Controversies’) and Reddit as a social media platform.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } The controversy on vaccines is a controversy because of its embedded value based, ethical and cultural arguments (Law, J. & Singleton, V., 2014). The key issues include both scientific discussions on whether or not scientific results are valid, more specifically an example of the controversy of the Mumps, Measles and Rubella vaccine (MMR) and its relation to cause autism in children. As well as dissemination of specific arguments for or against vaccines from a broad perspective. The nuances of vaccine controversies are not only revolving around the bilateral relation of pro- and anti-vaccination, because the controversy exists of many sub-controversies and subdiscussions. This shows a controversy of high complexity and being reduction-resistant (Venturini, T., 2010a). (Vaccine hesitancy, 2018). This controversy is mapped through an actor-network theory (ANT) approach; thus an actor is whatever makes a difference through action in a situation, human or non-human (Venturini, T., 2010a). An example of a significant actor in this specific controversy could be Andrew Wakefield, an anti-vaccine activist and former British doctor, who has had a great impact on the issue about vaccine hesitancy and connection between MMR and autism. The first part of this article will revolve around data harvesting of a Wikipedia category and the member pages, and different networks and visualisations of these with annotations. The second half will focus on how debates on a social media platform communicate about vaccine controversies, here specifically Reddit. We would like to map how different networks occur in the vaccine controversy debate. Besides, explore the key issues and actors in the debate on vaccine controversies on both Wikipedia’s category pages (under ‘Vaccine Controversies’) and Reddit as a social media platform. |
Thorsen, Ann-Sofie; Kamstrup, Jeppe; de Neergaard, Rasmus; van den Heuvel., Johannes Mapping Controversies: Abortion Debate (Wikipedia & arenas for debate) Online 2019, visited: 05.03.2019. @online{Thorsen2019, title = {Mapping Controversies: Abortion Debate (Wikipedia & arenas for debate)}, author = {Ann-Sofie Thorsen and Jeppe Kamstrup and Rasmus de Neergaard and Johannes van den Heuvel.}, url = {https://towardsdatascience.com/mapping-controversies-abortion-debate-7235029fc6d9}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-15}, urldate = {2019-03-05}, journal = {Medium}, series = {Towards Data Sciences}, abstract = {The discussion surrounding this subject is one that has been around since the act of abortion became a possibility. While it is often easy to find the controversy outside in the real world, we went to Wikipedia to investigate how an online encyclopaedia that pursues neutrality would present it. Through the use of digital methods and harvesting online data we investigate how the abortion debate unfolds itself in the arena of Wikipedia. Our finding perhaps shows us more about how Wikipedia and the Anglo-American world functions when it tries to settle controversial topics in society.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } The discussion surrounding this subject is one that has been around since the act of abortion became a possibility. While it is often easy to find the controversy outside in the real world, we went to Wikipedia to investigate how an online encyclopaedia that pursues neutrality would present it. Through the use of digital methods and harvesting online data we investigate how the abortion debate unfolds itself in the arena of Wikipedia. Our finding perhaps shows us more about how Wikipedia and the Anglo-American world functions when it tries to settle controversial topics in society. |
PhD Theses |
Milia, Matias Federico Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016. PhD Thesis Forthcoming Flacso, México, Forthcoming, (ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373). @phdthesis{Milia2019, title = {Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016.}, author = {Matias Federico Milia}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-01}, school = {Flacso, México}, abstract = {Scientific research has been thought of as a major tool to face the great challenges of our time. By stressing the role of concepts as governance technologies that mediate between science and society, this thesis builds on the emergence and consolidation of a research area around the concept of Renewable Energies. It focuses on the time span that goes from 1992 to 2016, a 26-year period where a climate governance scheme has emerged and given a global relevance to the quest for new forms of energy. Building on the analysis of scientific literature, it takes special attention to the different ways researchers all over the world have interpreted this same concept. It highlights two national cases, namely Argentina and México, stressing how these two Latin-American countries have inserted themselves in a global scenario. At the same time, it takes special attention to the national specificities of their own enterprises. Using methods from computational social sciences, it analyses the ways that social relevance has been constructed on parliamentary debates and national press. This work shows how different thematic clusters develop around the concept of renewables and how they evolve over time and take mainly national particularities. It builds conclusions from a theoretical and methodological point of view by problematizing the current knowledge production regime, its growing strategic bias and the ways that new knowledge production frames can be thought of when facing future-oriented questions.}, note = {ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Scientific research has been thought of as a major tool to face the great challenges of our time. By stressing the role of concepts as governance technologies that mediate between science and society, this thesis builds on the emergence and consolidation of a research area around the concept of Renewable Energies. It focuses on the time span that goes from 1992 to 2016, a 26-year period where a climate governance scheme has emerged and given a global relevance to the quest for new forms of energy. Building on the analysis of scientific literature, it takes special attention to the different ways researchers all over the world have interpreted this same concept. It highlights two national cases, namely Argentina and México, stressing how these two Latin-American countries have inserted themselves in a global scenario. At the same time, it takes special attention to the national specificities of their own enterprises. Using methods from computational social sciences, it analyses the ways that social relevance has been constructed on parliamentary debates and national press. This work shows how different thematic clusters develop around the concept of renewables and how they evolve over time and take mainly national particularities. It builds conclusions from a theoretical and methodological point of view by problematizing the current knowledge production regime, its growing strategic bias and the ways that new knowledge production frames can be thought of when facing future-oriented questions. |
2018 |
Journal Articles |
Nicot, Rose; Bellon, Stéphane; Loconto, Allison; Ollivier, Guillaume The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology Journal Article Open Agriculture, 3 (1), pp. 537–552, 2018. @article{Nicot2018, title = {The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology}, author = {Rose Nicot and Stéphane Bellon and Allison Loconto and Guillaume Ollivier}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0058}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-05}, journal = {Open Agriculture}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {537–552}, abstract = {In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme. |
Réchauchère, Olivier; Akkari, Monia EL; Perchec, Sophie Le; Makowski, David; Gabrielle, Benoît; Bispo, Antonio An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts Journal Article Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 30 , pp. 1-13, 2018. @article{Réchauchère2018, title = {An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts}, author = {Olivier Réchauchère and Monia EL Akkari and Sophie Le Perchec and David Makowski and Benoît Gabrielle and Antonio Bispo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_1}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-04}, journal = {Sustainable Agriculture Reviews}, volume = { 30}, pages = {1-13}, abstract = {This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort. |
Poletti, Chiara; Michieli, Marco Smart cities, social media platforms and security: online content regulation as a site of controversy and conflict Journal Article City, Territory and Architecture, 5 (20), 2018. @article{Poletti2018, title = {Smart cities, social media platforms and security: online content regulation as a site of controversy and conflict}, author = {Chiara Poletti and Marco Michieli}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-018-0096-2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-13}, journal = {City, Territory and Architecture}, volume = {5}, number = {20}, abstract = {Smart, technologically managed city-regions are one of the main characteristics of the contemporary world. Since the attack to the Charlie Hebdo offices, city-regions and social media digital technologies have increasingly been changing the definition of ‘territory of security’ and ‘security governance’. What are the characteristics of the security architecture created by the interaction of smart city-regions and digital technologies? Drawing from Actor-Network theory and Science and Technology Studies, we provide an empirical account of the shape of this new territory, by presenting a study of the controversy concerning security and social media in UK, the role of cities in this changed security space, and how social sciences can help better understand and respond to the opportunities and threats of smart cities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Smart, technologically managed city-regions are one of the main characteristics of the contemporary world. Since the attack to the Charlie Hebdo offices, city-regions and social media digital technologies have increasingly been changing the definition of ‘territory of security’ and ‘security governance’. What are the characteristics of the security architecture created by the interaction of smart city-regions and digital technologies? Drawing from Actor-Network theory and Science and Technology Studies, we provide an empirical account of the shape of this new territory, by presenting a study of the controversy concerning security and social media in UK, the role of cities in this changed security space, and how social sciences can help better understand and respond to the opportunities and threats of smart cities. |
O’Halloran, Sharyn; Chen, Karen; Biswas, Rudra Guha M; Kim, Hoon; Liu, Pu; Zhang, YouFei; Zhou, YunPeng Delegating Regulation: European Union and Financial Markets Journal Article Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles, 2018 (4), pp. 91-111 , 2018. @article{O’Halloran2018, title = {Delegating Regulation: European Union and Financial Markets}, author = {Sharyn O’Halloran and Karen Chen and Rudra M Guha Biswas and Hoon Kim and Pu Liu and YouFei Zhang and YunPeng Zhou}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-realites-industrielles-2018-4-page-91.htm}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-01}, journal = {Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {91-111 }, abstract = {This paper analyzes the design of financial regulatory structure in the European Union. We develop a two-pronged approach to track changes in decision-making authority in EU financial market regulations and directives enacted from 1964 to the present. Traditional observational data collection methods manually code laws to identify the amount of discretionary authority delegated to regulatory bodies that oversee segments of financial markets. The lack of robustness and scalability of this approach, however, may limit the generalizability of observational studies. To remedy these potential shortcomings, we match observational methods with data science techniques, in particular natural language processing, to visualize complex patterns in the text of laws and temporal movements. The combination of both observational and computational approaches provides more detailed insights of the various elements of financial regulatory structure and the temporal allocation of decision-making authority among the European Commission, regulatory agencies and the Members States. Our analysis indicates that both the scope and location of decision-making authority shifted over time, moving from Member States to EU regulatory agencies. The amount of discretionary authority delegated to EU agencies to implement regulations, on the other hand, has remained largely unchanged.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper analyzes the design of financial regulatory structure in the European Union. We develop a two-pronged approach to track changes in decision-making authority in EU financial market regulations and directives enacted from 1964 to the present. Traditional observational data collection methods manually code laws to identify the amount of discretionary authority delegated to regulatory bodies that oversee segments of financial markets. The lack of robustness and scalability of this approach, however, may limit the generalizability of observational studies. To remedy these potential shortcomings, we match observational methods with data science techniques, in particular natural language processing, to visualize complex patterns in the text of laws and temporal movements. The combination of both observational and computational approaches provides more detailed insights of the various elements of financial regulatory structure and the temporal allocation of decision-making authority among the European Commission, regulatory agencies and the Members States. Our analysis indicates that both the scope and location of decision-making authority shifted over time, moving from Member States to EU regulatory agencies. The amount of discretionary authority delegated to EU agencies to implement regulations, on the other hand, has remained largely unchanged. |
Robinson, Douglas K R; Lagnau, Axel; Boon, Wouter P C Innovation pathways in additive manufacturing: Methods for tracing emerging and branching paths from rapid prototyping to alternative applications Journal Article Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2018. @article{Robinson2018, title = {Innovation pathways in additive manufacturing: Methods for tracing emerging and branching paths from rapid prototyping to alternative applications}, author = {Douglas K.R. Robinson and Axel Lagnau and Wouter P.C. Boon}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.012}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-26}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, abstract = {In recent years, the Forecasting Innovation Pathway approach (FIP) has shown to be a promising set of tools to capture potential developments in emerging fields through capturing indications of endogenous futures. However, the FIP approach is reliant on a clear demarcated area to study, a challenge for emerging technology fields where uncertainty and rhetoric abound. This paper presents an addition to the FIP toolbox that helps characterise and demarcate boundaries of emerging fields to allow for deeper analysis through other FIP methods. We illustrate this approach through an exercise for 3D printing technology (also known as Additive Manufacturing). We show that 3D printing can be represented by a dominant design: a tri-partite configuration of printer, material and digital design software. In the past decade we have seen significant branching from applications in rapid-prototyping to medical, fashion, aeronautics and supply chain management with a variety of elements coming together in tri-partite configurations. The paper adds to the current FTA literature an approach building on evolutionary theories of technical change to help with such situations – emerging, evolving and branching ‘innovation pathways’. Moreover, we developed a methodology to construct these innovation paths.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In recent years, the Forecasting Innovation Pathway approach (FIP) has shown to be a promising set of tools to capture potential developments in emerging fields through capturing indications of endogenous futures. However, the FIP approach is reliant on a clear demarcated area to study, a challenge for emerging technology fields where uncertainty and rhetoric abound. This paper presents an addition to the FIP toolbox that helps characterise and demarcate boundaries of emerging fields to allow for deeper analysis through other FIP methods. We illustrate this approach through an exercise for 3D printing technology (also known as Additive Manufacturing). We show that 3D printing can be represented by a dominant design: a tri-partite configuration of printer, material and digital design software. In the past decade we have seen significant branching from applications in rapid-prototyping to medical, fashion, aeronautics and supply chain management with a variety of elements coming together in tri-partite configurations. The paper adds to the current FTA literature an approach building on evolutionary theories of technical change to help with such situations – emerging, evolving and branching ‘innovation pathways’. Moreover, we developed a methodology to construct these innovation paths. |
Hoffman, Mark Anthony; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Brandt, Philipp; Key, Newton; Bearman, Peter The (Protestant) Bible, the (printed) sermon, and the word(s): The semantic structure of the Conformist and Dissenting Bible, 1660–1780 Journal Article Poetics, 68 , pp. 89-103, 2018. @article{Hoffman2018, title = {The (Protestant) Bible, the (printed) sermon, and the word(s): The semantic structure of the Conformist and Dissenting Bible, 1660–1780}, author = {Mark Anthony Hoffman and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Philipp Brandt and Newton Key and Peter Bearman}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2017.11.002}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {Poetics}, volume = {68}, pages = {89-103}, abstract = {Using co-occurrence methods for identifying semantic structure in texts, we first describe the structure of the Protestant Bible, focusing on the ways in which contents of the Bible are organized in both the New and Old Testaments. We introduce a strategy for capturing the co-occurrence of nouns and verbs in windows defined by verses that progressively move across the text, from start to finish in a manner similar to reading. We then consider how Dissenters and Conformists used the Bible by locating Biblical verse in sermons printed in England during the period from 1660 to 1780. We describe how chapters are linked by themes over time, by dissenting and conformist religious communities, and map Dissenter and Conformist uses of the Bible onto its semantic structure. We show that it is possible to induce a semantic network image of the Bible, that this structure serves as a skeletal frame for interpretation, thereby highlighting different contents as central to denominations’ religious inspirations and concerns.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using co-occurrence methods for identifying semantic structure in texts, we first describe the structure of the Protestant Bible, focusing on the ways in which contents of the Bible are organized in both the New and Old Testaments. We introduce a strategy for capturing the co-occurrence of nouns and verbs in windows defined by verses that progressively move across the text, from start to finish in a manner similar to reading. We then consider how Dissenters and Conformists used the Bible by locating Biblical verse in sermons printed in England during the period from 1660 to 1780. We describe how chapters are linked by themes over time, by dissenting and conformist religious communities, and map Dissenter and Conformist uses of the Bible onto its semantic structure. We show that it is possible to induce a semantic network image of the Bible, that this structure serves as a skeletal frame for interpretation, thereby highlighting different contents as central to denominations’ religious inspirations and concerns. |
Wezel, Alexander; Goette, Julia; Lagneaux, Elisabeth; Passuello, Gloria; Reisman, Erica; Rodier, Christophe; Turpin, Grégoire Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems Journal Article Sustainability, 10 (4), pp. 1214, 2018. @article{Wezel2018b, title = {Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems}, author = {Alexander Wezel and Julia Goette and Elisabeth Lagneaux and Gloria Passuello and Erica Reisman and Christophe Rodier and Grégoire Turpin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041214}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-17}, journal = {Sustainability}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {1214}, abstract = {Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text |
Matos, Fábio L; Ross, Steve W; ann ida Huvenne, Veerle; Davies, Jaime; Cunha, Marina R Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias Journal Article Progress in Oceanography, 2018. @article{matos2018canyons, title = {Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias}, author = {Fábio L Matos and Steve W Ross and Veerle ann ida Huvenne and Jaime Davies and Marina R Cunha}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.04.010}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Progress in Oceanography}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons. |
Akkari, Monia EL; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change Journal Article Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 30 , pp. 15-38, 2018. @article{Akkari2018, title = {Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change}, author = {Monia EL Akkari and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = { Sustainable Agriculture Reviews}, volume = {30}, pages = {15-38}, abstract = {Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production. |
Book Chapters |
el Jamal, Sarah; Hanafi, Sari Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study Book Chapter Facing An Unequal World: Challenges for Global Sociology, Chapter 14, pp. 175-194, 2018. @inbook{elJamal2018, title = {Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study}, author = {Sarah el Jamal and Sari Hanafi}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2169/45489cad9888d522020e2caea2da13053770.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-28}, booktitle = {Facing An Unequal World: Challenges for Global Sociology}, pages = {175-194}, chapter = {14}, series = {SAGE Studies in International Sociology}, abstract = {Based on Mannheim’s theory (1936) that knowledge is socially constructed, and its production process is influenced by the social context in which it occurs, this study seeks to identify and analyze the social influences and forces behind the knowledge produced and disseminated in the form of academic journal articles on the topic of poverty in the Arab World. Certain features and elements of the final body of knowledge (the articles) will be taken as telling indicators of the process in hindsight. These will be the basis of three kinds of analyses that will be carried out: content analysis, authorship analysis, and citation analysis. In content analysis, I will scrutinize the poverty concepts used, the methodologies applied, the use of theory, including theoretical frameworks of the studies, the prevail-ing political and epistemological paradigms, the structure of the articles, and the types of articles (critique, essay, fieldwork). In authorship analysis, I will survey the sociological markers pertaining to the authors and institutions producing the articles. In citation analysis, I will analyze the characteristics and trends of the references. Ultimately, I seek to answer the following: What are the social factors conditioning the production of academic articles on poverty in the Arab World, and what are the observed trends thereof?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Based on Mannheim’s theory (1936) that knowledge is socially constructed, and its production process is influenced by the social context in which it occurs, this study seeks to identify and analyze the social influences and forces behind the knowledge produced and disseminated in the form of academic journal articles on the topic of poverty in the Arab World. Certain features and elements of the final body of knowledge (the articles) will be taken as telling indicators of the process in hindsight. These will be the basis of three kinds of analyses that will be carried out: content analysis, authorship analysis, and citation analysis. In content analysis, I will scrutinize the poverty concepts used, the methodologies applied, the use of theory, including theoretical frameworks of the studies, the prevail-ing political and epistemological paradigms, the structure of the articles, and the types of articles (critique, essay, fieldwork). In authorship analysis, I will survey the sociological markers pertaining to the authors and institutions producing the articles. In citation analysis, I will analyze the characteristics and trends of the references. Ultimately, I seek to answer the following: What are the social factors conditioning the production of academic articles on poverty in the Arab World, and what are the observed trends thereof? |
Inproceedings |
Virlon, Bérangère; Bith, Tiphaine; de Escribano, Rosa Mariana Leon; Dupuis, Julie; Fort, Yves Open Data on ANR-funded research: a valuable resource to explore impact pathways in research funding Inproceedings STI 2018 Conference Proceedings, 2018. @inproceedings{Virlon2018, title = {Open Data on ANR-funded research: a valuable resource to explore impact pathways in research funding}, author = {Bérangère Virlon and Tiphaine Bith and Rosa Mariana de Leon Escribano and Julie Dupuis and Yves Fort}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1887/65365}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-11}, booktitle = {STI 2018 Conference Proceedings}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {ANR is the French national research agency founded in 2005 and responsible for the project-based research funding. It operates under the authority of the Ministry in charge of Research and Innovation and has to implement the national research strategy. In compliance with the growing need for « open science », in order (i) to give a better visibility to ANR-funded research, and (ii) to create a favourable environment for studying and generating research-based impacts, the agency recently embraced and fostered « open access » and « open data » practices. ANR notably encourages the principal investigators to deposit their publications in an open archive, requires grant holders and applicants to prepare a Data Management Plan, and ensures the circulation of data and knowledge on public grants by providing data for each funded project in standardized formats to facilitate their broad and easy use. In the present poster, we will first describe the type of data made available to the public which provides detailed information on the projects grants funded by ANR from 2005 to 2017.Using three proof-of-principle examples, we also illustrate how this data could be exploited and investigated, at different levels (institutions, PIs and research themes) to study the impacts of ANR on the national scientific production.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } ANR is the French national research agency founded in 2005 and responsible for the project-based research funding. It operates under the authority of the Ministry in charge of Research and Innovation and has to implement the national research strategy. In compliance with the growing need for « open science », in order (i) to give a better visibility to ANR-funded research, and (ii) to create a favourable environment for studying and generating research-based impacts, the agency recently embraced and fostered « open access » and « open data » practices. ANR notably encourages the principal investigators to deposit their publications in an open archive, requires grant holders and applicants to prepare a Data Management Plan, and ensures the circulation of data and knowledge on public grants by providing data for each funded project in standardized formats to facilitate their broad and easy use. In the present poster, we will first describe the type of data made available to the public which provides detailed information on the projects grants funded by ANR from 2005 to 2017.Using three proof-of-principle examples, we also illustrate how this data could be exploited and investigated, at different levels (institutions, PIs and research themes) to study the impacts of ANR on the national scientific production. |
Plancq, Clément; Després, Zakarya; Longhi, Julien "L'avenir en commun" des Insoumis. Analyse des forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise Inproceedings Atelier Fouille de Données Complexes, EGC 2018, 2018. @inproceedings{plancq2018avenir, title = {"L'avenir en commun" des Insoumis. Analyse des forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise}, author = {Clément Plancq and Zakarya Després and Julien Longhi}, url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01719374}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, booktitle = {Atelier Fouille de Données Complexes, EGC 2018}, abstract = {Les discours politiques ont fait l’objet de travaux marquants en analyse du discours et en TAL mais les études sur les discussions de militants sont plus rares. Pourtant ces communautés sont le lieu d’échanges idéologiques sur le programme d’un candidat. L’étude de ces discussions peut se révéler intéressante pour étudier la circulation des idéologies de l’appareil politique vers une communauté de citoyens et vice-versa. Dans l’article nous présentons les travaux menés pour recueillir un corpus de messages émanant de forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise puis les analyses conduites sur ce corpus à l’aide des outils de la plateforme Cortext.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Les discours politiques ont fait l’objet de travaux marquants en analyse du discours et en TAL mais les études sur les discussions de militants sont plus rares. Pourtant ces communautés sont le lieu d’échanges idéologiques sur le programme d’un candidat. L’étude de ces discussions peut se révéler intéressante pour étudier la circulation des idéologies de l’appareil politique vers une communauté de citoyens et vice-versa. Dans l’article nous présentons les travaux menés pour recueillir un corpus de messages émanant de forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise puis les analyses conduites sur ce corpus à l’aide des outils de la plateforme Cortext. |
Miscellaneous |
Fabo, Pablo Ruiz; Poibeau, Thierry Mapping the Bentham Corpus: Concept-based Navigation Miscellaneous 2018. @misc{Fabo2018, title = {Mapping the Bentham Corpus: Concept-based Navigation}, author = {Pablo Ruiz Fabo and Thierry Poibeau }, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01915730v2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-13}, abstract = {British philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) left over 60,000 folios of unpublished manuscripts. The Bentham Project, at University College London, is creating a TEI version of the manuscripts, via crowdsourced transcription verified by experts. We present here an interface to navigate these largely unedited manuscripts, and the language technologies the corpus was enriched with to facilitate navigation, i.e Entity Linking against the DBpedia knowledge base and keyphrase extraction. The challenges of tagging a historical domain-specific corpus with a contemporary knowledge base are discussed. The concepts extracted were used to create interactive co-occurrence networks, that serve as a map for the corpus and help navigate it, along with a search index. These corpus representations were integrated in a user interface. The interface was evaluated by domain experts with satisfactory results , e.g. they found the distributional semantics methods exploited here applicable in order to assist in retrieving related passages for scholarly editing of the corpus. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } British philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) left over 60,000 folios of unpublished manuscripts. The Bentham Project, at University College London, is creating a TEI version of the manuscripts, via crowdsourced transcription verified by experts. We present here an interface to navigate these largely unedited manuscripts, and the language technologies the corpus was enriched with to facilitate navigation, i.e Entity Linking against the DBpedia knowledge base and keyphrase extraction. The challenges of tagging a historical domain-specific corpus with a contemporary knowledge base are discussed. The concepts extracted were used to create interactive co-occurrence networks, that serve as a map for the corpus and help navigate it, along with a search index. These corpus representations were integrated in a user interface. The interface was evaluated by domain experts with satisfactory results , e.g. they found the distributional semantics methods exploited here applicable in order to assist in retrieving related passages for scholarly editing of the corpus. |
Online |
Bento, Nuno; Fontes, Margarida Legitimation and Guidance in Energy Technology Upscaling – The Case of Floating Offshore Wind Online 2018, (see published article : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.035). @online{Bento2018, title = {Legitimation and Guidance in Energy Technology Upscaling – The Case of Floating Offshore Wind}, author = {Nuno Bento and Margarida Fontes}, url = {http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=37431}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-02}, abstract = {This research studies the role of the formation of collective visions and plans in accelerating the upscaling of emerging low-carbon innovations. We analyze the national roadmaps that have been developed for offshore wind energy in deepwaters, i.e., more than 50 meters deep where there is high potential of resources but whose technology is still immature. The analysis focus on how actors create legitimacy and guidance to prepare the growth of the system. The results points to different types of guidance depending on the technological and institutional context, particularly a higher external openness with technology maturity and government involvement. A survey of actors’ opinion complements the roadmaps analysis revealing the tendency for overinflatingexpectations. In addition, it suggestsroadmaps have a positive but limited impact on technology development. Policy implications include recommendations for managing the process of formation of visions and legitimacy of new technologies entering into upscaling.}, note = {see published article : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.035}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } This research studies the role of the formation of collective visions and plans in accelerating the upscaling of emerging low-carbon innovations. We analyze the national roadmaps that have been developed for offshore wind energy in deepwaters, i.e., more than 50 meters deep where there is high potential of resources but whose technology is still immature. The analysis focus on how actors create legitimacy and guidance to prepare the growth of the system. The results points to different types of guidance depending on the technological and institutional context, particularly a higher external openness with technology maturity and government involvement. A survey of actors’ opinion complements the roadmaps analysis revealing the tendency for overinflatingexpectations. In addition, it suggestsroadmaps have a positive but limited impact on technology development. Policy implications include recommendations for managing the process of formation of visions and legitimacy of new technologies entering into upscaling. |
Technical Reports |
Aubin, Sophie; Huber, Madeleine eROSA. e-infrastructure Roadmap for Open Science in Agriculture : bibliometric study results Technical Report INRA, Horizon 2020 2018. @techreport{Aubin2018, title = {eROSA. e-infrastructure Roadmap for Open Science in Agriculture : bibliometric study results}, author = {Sophie Aubin and Madeleine Huber}, url = {https://zenodo.org/record/1305000/files/Bibliometric%20study%20results.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-28}, institution = {INRA, Horizon 2020}, abstract = {This study highlights the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted at a global scale in order to identify key scientists and associated research performing organisations (e.g. public research institutes, universities, Research & Development departments of private companies) that work in the field of agricultural data sources and services. The added value of such a methodological approach is the resulting ability to provide a detailed answer to the question “who does what?” by collecting, processing, analysing and visualising the metadata1 of related scientific publications. The study focuses on articles that have been published in the past 10 years (i.e. during the period 2005-2015). As such, the analysis is a first attempt at delineating, mapping and describing the scientific community that the e-ROSA project seeks to engage with. It neither aims at being exhaustive nor at providing an evaluation on the scientific excellence of identified stakeholders as this is not the goal of the community-building activity under e-ROSA. The specific objectives of the analysis include: 1 - The identification of scientists and related collaboration networks involved in data science for agriculture in order to initiate further contact while building and engaging with the e-ROSA community throughout the project: e.g. these results provide valuable contacts in the context of the desk surveys that will be carried out under Work Package 1 in order to consolidate and reach out to the community, and in the context of the workshops organised under Work Package 2 that seek community-building and co-design of the e-ROSA Roadmap. 2 - The identification of specific domains related to data and computer science that are of interest to identified scientists (i.e. working on agricultural issues). 3 - The identification of related conferences and journals that the e-ROSA project can target in order to effectively reach out to the relevant communities involved in data science issues related to agriculture.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This study highlights the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted at a global scale in order to identify key scientists and associated research performing organisations (e.g. public research institutes, universities, Research & Development departments of private companies) that work in the field of agricultural data sources and services. The added value of such a methodological approach is the resulting ability to provide a detailed answer to the question “who does what?” by collecting, processing, analysing and visualising the metadata1 of related scientific publications. The study focuses on articles that have been published in the past 10 years (i.e. during the period 2005-2015). As such, the analysis is a first attempt at delineating, mapping and describing the scientific community that the e-ROSA project seeks to engage with. It neither aims at being exhaustive nor at providing an evaluation on the scientific excellence of identified stakeholders as this is not the goal of the community-building activity under e-ROSA. The specific objectives of the analysis include: 1 - The identification of scientists and related collaboration networks involved in data science for agriculture in order to initiate further contact while building and engaging with the e-ROSA community throughout the project: e.g. these results provide valuable contacts in the context of the desk surveys that will be carried out under Work Package 1 in order to consolidate and reach out to the community, and in the context of the workshops organised under Work Package 2 that seek community-building and co-design of the e-ROSA Roadmap. 2 - The identification of specific domains related to data and computer science that are of interest to identified scientists (i.e. working on agricultural issues). 3 - The identification of related conferences and journals that the e-ROSA project can target in order to effectively reach out to the relevant communities involved in data science issues related to agriculture. |
Moore, Vanessa; Horgan, Gerard; Moore, Rebecca Understanding the role of culture, gender and communication traditions, and their implications for engagement methodologies, communication and dissemination Technical Report GoNano, Horizon 2020, European Institute of Women’s Health 2018. @techreport{Moore2018, title = {Understanding the role of culture, gender and communication traditions, and their implications for engagement methodologies, communication and dissemination}, author = {Vanessa Moore and Gerard Horgan and Rebecca Moore}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-31}, institution = {GoNano, Horizon 2020, European Institute of Women’s Health }, abstract = {The GoNano -Governing Nanotechnologies though societal engagement-project is a 36-month long project which aims to improve the responsiveness of research and innovation processes to public values and concerns. Part of the GoNano objectives are to create an engagement process which is cognisant of gender, diversity, culture and communication traditions across Europe. This engagement process will inform future nanotechnology development, by ways of public discourse and methodology development, as well as co-creation. In order to adequately align nanotechnology Research and Innovation (R&I) with societal needs, it is important to look at societal issues such as gender, culture, and diversity. These areas of focus present us with an opportunity to get a deeper insight into what motivates opinions, thoughts, needs, values and concerns --are these the same, or are there differences between or within various groups? Does gender have any impact on how values, needs and concerns around nanotechnology are shaped; does demographic diversity influence such concerns? What information and knowledge can we glean from looking into divergences of opinions and differences in discourse? What can we gain from increased awareness and focus on these issues?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The GoNano -Governing Nanotechnologies though societal engagement-project is a 36-month long project which aims to improve the responsiveness of research and innovation processes to public values and concerns. Part of the GoNano objectives are to create an engagement process which is cognisant of gender, diversity, culture and communication traditions across Europe. This engagement process will inform future nanotechnology development, by ways of public discourse and methodology development, as well as co-creation. In order to adequately align nanotechnology Research and Innovation (R&I) with societal needs, it is important to look at societal issues such as gender, culture, and diversity. These areas of focus present us with an opportunity to get a deeper insight into what motivates opinions, thoughts, needs, values and concerns --are these the same, or are there differences between or within various groups? Does gender have any impact on how values, needs and concerns around nanotechnology are shaped; does demographic diversity influence such concerns? What information and knowledge can we glean from looking into divergences of opinions and differences in discourse? What can we gain from increased awareness and focus on these issues? |
Workshops |
Tari, Thomas OBME 2120-Processing Knowledge: building, refining and analyzing research corpora in social sciences Workshop 2018. @workshop{tari2018obme, title = {OBME 2120-Processing Knowledge: building, refining and analyzing research corpora in social sciences}, author = {Thomas Tari}, url = {http://formation.sciences-po.fr/enseignement/2017/obme/2120}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, abstract = {This course is based on the idea that one needs to understand the social nature of research, the forms knowledge takes to be true, to actually produce his/her first piece of research. Rooted in the tradition of sociology of scientific knowledge and STS, the seminar will provide to the students all the theories, methods and free tools needed to analyze the products of science and conduct their own social sciences research. By opening a dialogue with sources taken as a research object, the goal is not to produce a plain bibliography, but to build a quality research corpus, analyzed through both up-to-date qualitative and quantitative methods. This course expects to broaden minds and to teach useful skills, working on thematics that will be collectively defined to meet the students' interests. }, howpublished = {Sciences Po Seminar}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {workshop} } This course is based on the idea that one needs to understand the social nature of research, the forms knowledge takes to be true, to actually produce his/her first piece of research. Rooted in the tradition of sociology of scientific knowledge and STS, the seminar will provide to the students all the theories, methods and free tools needed to analyze the products of science and conduct their own social sciences research. By opening a dialogue with sources taken as a research object, the goal is not to produce a plain bibliography, but to build a quality research corpus, analyzed through both up-to-date qualitative and quantitative methods. This course expects to broaden minds and to teach useful skills, working on thematics that will be collectively defined to meet the students' interests. |
2017 |
Journal Articles |
Blank-Gomel, Rony Cycling injuries and the re-modernisation of mundane risks: from injury prevention to a population health and environmental problem Journal Article Health, Risk & Society, 19 (3-4), pp. 68-188, 2017. @article{Blank-Gomel2017, title = {Cycling injuries and the re-modernisation of mundane risks: from injury prevention to a population health and environmental problem}, author = {Rony Blank-Gomel}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2017.1338339}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-31}, journal = {Health, Risk & Society}, volume = {19}, number = {3-4}, pages = {68-188}, abstract = {Commentators drawing on the concept of the Risk Society have argued that the proliferation of large-scale risks generates critical reflection on the modernistic logic and drives current societal changes. Critics have argued that this thesis neglects the centrality of mundane risks in shaping contemporary identities. However, such critics have not considered the dynamics of mundane risks and the possibility that these dynamics follow the predictions made by Risk Society theorists. In this article, I examine this issue using the recent history of cycling risk, focussing on expert knowledge in the Global North between 1970 and 2014. I draw on Actor–Network Theory to operationalise Risk Society, conceptualising accounts of cycling risk as the products of a dynamic network. I examine this network using scientometric analyses of scientific papers, analyses of influential texts and in-depth interviews with experts and activists. I argue that the dynamics of this network follow the predictions of Risk Society: bicycle helmets emerged as a technological fix for a specific risk, but are now described as the source of new risks to health and safety, due to their potential interactions with human psychologies and social behaviours. This encourages reflexivity on the conditions producing such risks, namely, the modernistic logic. Thus, mundane risks are both re-modernised and remain central to shaping identities and concerns. More specifically, the interaction between mundane risks and holistic conceptualisations of health is shown to contribute to the shift from first to second modernity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Commentators drawing on the concept of the Risk Society have argued that the proliferation of large-scale risks generates critical reflection on the modernistic logic and drives current societal changes. Critics have argued that this thesis neglects the centrality of mundane risks in shaping contemporary identities. However, such critics have not considered the dynamics of mundane risks and the possibility that these dynamics follow the predictions made by Risk Society theorists. In this article, I examine this issue using the recent history of cycling risk, focussing on expert knowledge in the Global North between 1970 and 2014. I draw on Actor–Network Theory to operationalise Risk Society, conceptualising accounts of cycling risk as the products of a dynamic network. I examine this network using scientometric analyses of scientific papers, analyses of influential texts and in-depth interviews with experts and activists. I argue that the dynamics of this network follow the predictions of Risk Society: bicycle helmets emerged as a technological fix for a specific risk, but are now described as the source of new risks to health and safety, due to their potential interactions with human psychologies and social behaviours. This encourages reflexivity on the conditions producing such risks, namely, the modernistic logic. Thus, mundane risks are both re-modernised and remain central to shaping identities and concerns. More specifically, the interaction between mundane risks and holistic conceptualisations of health is shown to contribute to the shift from first to second modernity. |
Barbier, Marc; Xantos, Aris; Arvanitis, Rigas Retrospective analysis of the production of the revue d’anthropologie des connaissances Journal Article Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 11 (2), pp. 207-230, 2017. @article{barbier2017retrospective, title = {Retrospective analysis of the production of the revue d’anthropologie des connaissances}, author = {Marc Barbier and Aris Xantos and Rigas Arvanitis}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.035.0208}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {207-230}, publisher = {SAC}, abstract = {Based on the corpus of all articles published during the ten-year existence of the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances, this article offers a retrospective analysis of the status of authors, of the categories of published items, of contents of abstracts and keywords, and of references enlisted in the contributions. This analysis makes it possible to understand what the editorial project has generated during the 10 years of publication of the journal with regard to its editorial project and its willingness to foster an open science. This retrospective analysis leads to a synthesis of the way in which the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances contributes to the landscape of scientific publishing today.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the corpus of all articles published during the ten-year existence of the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances, this article offers a retrospective analysis of the status of authors, of the categories of published items, of contents of abstracts and keywords, and of references enlisted in the contributions. This analysis makes it possible to understand what the editorial project has generated during the 10 years of publication of the journal with regard to its editorial project and its willingness to foster an open science. This retrospective analysis leads to a synthesis of the way in which the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances contributes to the landscape of scientific publishing today. |
Brás, Oriana Rainho; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cambrosio, Alberto; David, Leonor; Nunes, João Arriscado; Cardoso, Fátima; Jerónimo, Carmen Oncology research in late twentieth century and turn of the century Portugal: a scientometric approach to its institutional and semantic dimensions Journal Article Scientometrics, 113 (2), pp. 867-888, 2017. @article{bras2017oncology, title = {Oncology research in late twentieth century and turn of the century Portugal: a scientometric approach to its institutional and semantic dimensions}, author = {Oriana Rainho Brás and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Alberto Cambrosio and Leonor David and João Arriscado Nunes and Fátima Cardoso and Carmen Jerónimo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2491-y}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Scientometrics}, volume = {113}, number = {2}, pages = {867-888}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {This paper analyses the developmental dynamics of oncology research in Portugal during the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty first century. Grounding its conclusions in a scientometric analysis of a database of publications covering the period 1976–2015, the paper shows how the expansion of oncology research from the end of the 1990s through the 2000s is closely related to science and technology policy decisions in the country. The main actors of the institutional evolution of the field are public organizations, both hospital and academia/research-based, frequently working together. Portuguese oncology research focused especially on organ-based cancers, underlining the strong link between the laboratory and the clinic. Accordingly, translational research is a major trend in oncology research, as evidenced by the analysis of publications in major journals and inter-citation maps. Networks of institutional co-authorships show the importance of regional and international collaborations. The collaboration patterns over time reveal the importance of national and European collaborations during the initial years covered by our publication database, in line with the major impact of Portugal’s integration into the European Union, and a growing importance of regional collaborations, as well as with North and South American institutions in more recent years. Portugal provides a case study of how twentieth century policies at the national and European levels have impacted on the evolution of oncology research in countries from southern Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper analyses the developmental dynamics of oncology research in Portugal during the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty first century. Grounding its conclusions in a scientometric analysis of a database of publications covering the period 1976–2015, the paper shows how the expansion of oncology research from the end of the 1990s through the 2000s is closely related to science and technology policy decisions in the country. The main actors of the institutional evolution of the field are public organizations, both hospital and academia/research-based, frequently working together. Portuguese oncology research focused especially on organ-based cancers, underlining the strong link between the laboratory and the clinic. Accordingly, translational research is a major trend in oncology research, as evidenced by the analysis of publications in major journals and inter-citation maps. Networks of institutional co-authorships show the importance of regional and international collaborations. The collaboration patterns over time reveal the importance of national and European collaborations during the initial years covered by our publication database, in line with the major impact of Portugal’s integration into the European Union, and a growing importance of regional collaborations, as well as with North and South American institutions in more recent years. Portugal provides a case study of how twentieth century policies at the national and European levels have impacted on the evolution of oncology research in countries from southern Europe. |
Prost, Magali; Prost, Lorène; Cerf, Marianne Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ? Journal Article Raisons éducatives, (1), pp. 129-154, 2017. @article{prost2017echanges, title = {Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ?}, author = {Magali Prost and Lorène Prost and Marianne Cerf}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-raisons-educatives-2017-1-page-129.htm}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Raisons éducatives}, number = {1}, pages = {129-154}, publisher = {Université de Genève}, abstract = {Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action. |
