2018
Journal Articles
41.
Réchauchère, Olivier; Akkari, Monia El; Perchec, Sophie Le; Makowski, David; Gabrielle, Benoît; Bispo, Antonio
An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts Journal Article
In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 1-13, 2018.
@article{Réchauchère2018,
title = {An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts},
author = {Olivier Réchauchère and Monia El Akkari and Sophie Le Perchec and David Makowski and Benoît Gabrielle and Antonio Bispo},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_1},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_1},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-04},
urldate = {2018-12-04},
journal = {Sustainable Agriculture Reviews},
volume = { 30},
pages = {1-13},
abstract = {This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort.
42.
Matos, Fábio L; Ross, Steve W; ann ida Huvenne, Veerle; Davies, Jaime; Cunha, Marina R
Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias Journal Article
In: Progress in Oceanography, 2018.
@article{matos2018canyons,
title = {Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias},
author = {Fábio L Matos and Steve W Ross and Veerle ann ida Huvenne and Jaime Davies and Marina R Cunha},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.04.010},
doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2018.04.010},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons.
43.
Akkari, Monia El; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier
Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change Journal Article
In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 15-38, 2018.
@article{Akkari2018,
title = {Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change},
author = {Monia El Akkari and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_2},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_2},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = { Sustainable Agriculture Reviews},
volume = {30},
pages = {15-38},
abstract = {Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production.
2017
Proceedings Articles
44.
Neresini, Federico; Ponciano, Renato; Tuzzi, Arjuna
Clean energy or extractive industry? A comparative study on the media representation of hydroelectricity in Colombia and Guatemala Proceedings Article
In: Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies: 16th Annual STS Conference Graz 2017, 2017.
@inproceedings{Neresini2017,
title = {Clean energy or extractive industry? A comparative study on the media representation of hydroelectricity in Colombia and Guatemala},
author = {Federico Neresini and Renato Ponciano and Arjuna Tuzzi},
url = {https://conference.aau.at/event/95/material/6/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies: 16th Annual STS Conference Graz 2017},
abstract = {The Guatemalan Government de-monopolized and privatized the electricity market between 1996-2000, with the justification that, first, rural electricity coverage – which was less than 50% at the time – was a significant obstacle to human development; and second, that there were large unexploited energy resources, especially hydroelectricity. The strategy led to quadruple the installed capacity of the network in twenty years, while private hydro generation grew 6000% (Paz Antolín 2004, Ministerio de Energía y Minas 2016). However, neighboring rural communities have received the hydroelectric expansion with sustained protests and resistance, because of their impact on water use, among other claims (Orantes 2010). This has led to a perceived association of hydropower with extractive industries such as mining or oil. Take for example this quote from the activist blog, Albedrío.org: The Mayan People on resistance know that there is no more territory to go as they run away from the “development of the others”. Organized communities have already made around 80 public consultations that have clearly rejected the hydromining invasion of their territories [translation by the author, emphasis added] (Itzanmá 2014). Such association is interesting from an STS perspective, for two reasons, mainly: first, it challenges conventional views of hydropower as a clean energy source that reduces environmental impacts, especially those related to climate change; and second, because it suggests the idea of a large heterogeneous techno-industrial complex, that comprises hydroelectricity and mining and that is extracting the valuable natural resources of one country.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The Guatemalan Government de-monopolized and privatized the electricity market between 1996-2000, with the justification that, first, rural electricity coverage – which was less than 50% at the time – was a significant obstacle to human development; and second, that there were large unexploited energy resources, especially hydroelectricity. The strategy led to quadruple the installed capacity of the network in twenty years, while private hydro generation grew 6000% (Paz Antolín 2004, Ministerio de Energía y Minas 2016). However, neighboring rural communities have received the hydroelectric expansion with sustained protests and resistance, because of their impact on water use, among other claims (Orantes 2010). This has led to a perceived association of hydropower with extractive industries such as mining or oil. Take for example this quote from the activist blog, Albedrío.org: The Mayan People on resistance know that there is no more territory to go as they run away from the “development of the others”. Organized communities have already made around 80 public consultations that have clearly rejected the hydromining invasion of their territories [translation by the author, emphasis added] (Itzanmá 2014). Such association is interesting from an STS perspective, for two reasons, mainly: first, it challenges conventional views of hydropower as a clean energy source that reduces environmental impacts, especially those related to climate change; and second, because it suggests the idea of a large heterogeneous techno-industrial complex, that comprises hydroelectricity and mining and that is extracting the valuable natural resources of one country.
PhD Theses
45.
Ruiz, Pablo
Concept-based and relation-based corpus navigation : applications of natural language processing in digital humanities PhD Thesis
PSL Research University, 2017, (HAL Id : tel-01575167 , version 2).
@phdthesis{Ruiz2017,
title = {Concept-based and relation-based corpus navigation : applications of natural language processing in digital humanities},
author = {Pablo Ruiz},
url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01575167v2},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-23},
urldate = {2017-06-23},
school = {PSL Research University},
abstract = {Social sciences and Humanities research is often based on large textual corpora, that it would be unfeasible to read in detail. Natural Language Processing (NLP) can identify important concepts and actors mentioned in a corpus, as well as the relations between them. Such information can provide an overview of the corpus useful for domain-experts, and help identify corpus areas relevant for a given research question. To automatically annotate corpora relevant for Digital Humanities (DH), the NLP technologies we applied are, first, Entity Linking, to identify corpus actors and concepts. Second, the relations between actors and concepts were determined based on an NLP pipeline which provides semantic role labeling and syntactic dependencies among other information. Part I outlines the state of the art, paying attention to how the technologies have been applied in DH. Generic NLP tools were used. As the efficacy of NLP methods depends on the corpus, some technological development was undertaken, described in Part II, in order to better adapt to the corpora in our case studies. Part II also shows an intrinsic evaluation of the technology developed, with satisfactory results. The technologies were applied to three very different corpora, as described in Part III. First, the manuscripts of Jeremy Bentham. This is a 18th–19th century corpus in political philosophy. Second, the Poli Informatics corpus, with heterogeneous materials about the American financial crisis of 2007–2008. Finally, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), which covers international climate summits since 1995, where treaties like the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreements get negotiated. For each corpus, navigation interfaces were developed. These user interfaces (UI) combine networks, full-text search and structured search based on NLP annotations. As an example, in the ENB corpus interface, which covers climate policy negotiations, searches can be performed based on relational information identified in the corpus: The negotiation actors having discussed a given issue using verbs indicating supportor opposition can be searched, as well as all statements where a given actor has expressed support or opposition. Relation information is employed, beyond simple co-occurrence between corpus terms. The UIs were evaluated qualitatively with domain-experts, to assess their potential usefulness for research in the experts’ domains. First, we payed attention to whether the corpus representations we created correspond to experts’ knowledge of thecorpus, as an indication of the sanity of the outputs we produced. Second, we tried to determine whether experts could gain new insight on the corpus by using the applications, e.g. if they found evidence unknown to them or new research ideas. Examples of insight gain were attested with the ENB interface; this constitutes a good validation of the work carried out in the thesis. Overall, the applications’ strengths and weaknesses were pointed out, outlining possible improvements as future work.},
note = {HAL Id : tel-01575167 , version 2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Social sciences and Humanities research is often based on large textual corpora, that it would be unfeasible to read in detail. Natural Language Processing (NLP) can identify important concepts and actors mentioned in a corpus, as well as the relations between them. Such information can provide an overview of the corpus useful for domain-experts, and help identify corpus areas relevant for a given research question. To automatically annotate corpora relevant for Digital Humanities (DH), the NLP technologies we applied are, first, Entity Linking, to identify corpus actors and concepts. Second, the relations between actors and concepts were determined based on an NLP pipeline which provides semantic role labeling and syntactic dependencies among other information. Part I outlines the state of the art, paying attention to how the technologies have been applied in DH. Generic NLP tools were used. As the efficacy of NLP methods depends on the corpus, some technological development was undertaken, described in Part II, in order to better adapt to the corpora in our case studies. Part II also shows an intrinsic evaluation of the technology developed, with satisfactory results. The technologies were applied to three very different corpora, as described in Part III. First, the manuscripts of Jeremy Bentham. This is a 18th–19th century corpus in political philosophy. Second, the Poli Informatics corpus, with heterogeneous materials about the American financial crisis of 2007–2008. Finally, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), which covers international climate summits since 1995, where treaties like the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreements get negotiated. For each corpus, navigation interfaces were developed. These user interfaces (UI) combine networks, full-text search and structured search based on NLP annotations. As an example, in the ENB corpus interface, which covers climate policy negotiations, searches can be performed based on relational information identified in the corpus: The negotiation actors having discussed a given issue using verbs indicating supportor opposition can be searched, as well as all statements where a given actor has expressed support or opposition. Relation information is employed, beyond simple co-occurrence between corpus terms. The UIs were evaluated qualitatively with domain-experts, to assess their potential usefulness for research in the experts’ domains. First, we payed attention to whether the corpus representations we created correspond to experts’ knowledge of thecorpus, as an indication of the sanity of the outputs we produced. Second, we tried to determine whether experts could gain new insight on the corpus by using the applications, e.g. if they found evidence unknown to them or new research ideas. Examples of insight gain were attested with the ENB interface; this constitutes a good validation of the work carried out in the thesis. Overall, the applications’ strengths and weaknesses were pointed out, outlining possible improvements as future work.
2016
Book Chapters
46.
Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Mapping Topics in International Climate Negotiations: A Computer-Assisted Semantic Network Approach Book Chapter
In: Innovative Methods in Media and Communication Research, pp. 273-291, Springer, 2016.
@inbook{baya2016mapping,
title = {Mapping Topics in International Climate Negotiations: A Computer-Assisted Semantic Network Approach},
author = {Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-40700-5_14},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Innovative Methods in Media and Communication Research},
pages = {273-291},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them.
Proceedings Articles
47.
Ruiz, Pablo; Plancq, Clément; Poibeau, Thierry
Climate Negotiation Analysis Proceedings Article
In: Digital Humanities 2016, pp. 663-666, 2016.
@inproceedings{fabo2016climate,
title = {Climate Negotiation Analysis},
author = {Pablo Ruiz and Clément Plancq and Thierry Poibeau},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01423299},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Digital Humanities 2016},
pages = {663-666},
abstract = {Text analysis methods based on word co-occurrence have yielded useful results in humanities and social sciences research. Whereas these methods provide a useful overview of a corpus, they cannot determine the predicates relating co-occurring elements with each other. For instance, if France and the phrase "binding commitments" co-occur within a sentence, how are both elements related? Is France in favour of, or against binding commitments? Different natural language processing (NLP) technologies can identify related elements in text, and the predicates relating them. We are developing a workflow to analyze the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, which summarizes international climate negotiations. A sentence in this corpus can contain several verbal or nominal predicates indicating support and opposition. Results were uneven when applying Open Relation Extraction tools to this corpus. To address these challenges, we developed a workflow with a domain model, and analysis rules that exploit annotations for semantic roles and pronominal anaphora, provided by an NLP pipeline. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Text analysis methods based on word co-occurrence have yielded useful results in humanities and social sciences research. Whereas these methods provide a useful overview of a corpus, they cannot determine the predicates relating co-occurring elements with each other. For instance, if France and the phrase "binding commitments" co-occur within a sentence, how are both elements related? Is France in favour of, or against binding commitments? Different natural language processing (NLP) technologies can identify related elements in text, and the predicates relating them. We are developing a workflow to analyze the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, which summarizes international climate negotiations. A sentence in this corpus can contain several verbal or nominal predicates indicating support and opposition. Results were uneven when applying Open Relation Extraction tools to this corpus. To address these challenges, we developed a workflow with a domain model, and analysis rules that exploit annotations for semantic roles and pronominal anaphora, provided by an NLP pipeline.
2015
Proceedings Articles
48.
Quatrebarbes, Constance De; Mazieres, Antoine; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Monitoring Issues in Digital Public Space-From Data Collection to Issue Mapping Proceedings Article
In: Etudier le Web politique: Regards croisés (WEBPOL), 2015.
@inproceedings{de2015monitoring,
title = {Monitoring Issues in Digital Public Space-From Data Collection to Issue Mapping},
author = {Constance De Quatrebarbes and Antoine Mazieres and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01771550},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Etudier le Web politique: Regards croisés (WEBPOL)},
abstract = {This article objectives are twofold. Its aim is both to introduce the principles of CrawText: an online data collection tool, and to identify some perspectives on the possible use of those digital traces for the analysis of public issues. CrawText specificity is to enable the construction of controlled corpora focusing on a given topic. Besides it allows to track the evolution of digital territories along time, paving the way toward the monitoring of actors and content dynamics in those public spaces. We will briefly illustrate those analytical perspectives with a case study on current discussions about the Climate Change Conference COP 21 to be held in Paris next Fall.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article objectives are twofold. Its aim is both to introduce the principles of CrawText: an online data collection tool, and to identify some perspectives on the possible use of those digital traces for the analysis of public issues. CrawText specificity is to enable the construction of controlled corpora focusing on a given topic. Besides it allows to track the evolution of digital territories along time, paving the way toward the monitoring of actors and content dynamics in those public spaces. We will briefly illustrate those analytical perspectives with a case study on current discussions about the Climate Change Conference COP 21 to be held in Paris next Fall.
2014
Journal Articles
49.
Venturini, Tommaso; Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Gray, Ian; Zabban, Vinciane; Pryck, Kari De
Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy Journal Article
In: Big Data & Society, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1-19, 2014.
@article{venturini2014three,
title = {Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy},
author = {Tommaso Venturini and Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Ian Gray and Vinciane Zabban and Kari De Pryck},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714543804},
doi = {10.1177/2053951714543804},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Big Data & Society},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {1-19},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section ‘Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences’). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section ‘Three maps on climate negotiations’) we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section ‘Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences’). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section ‘Three maps on climate negotiations’) we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate.
2012
Online
50.
Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Borra, Erik; Stevenson, Michael; Helmond, Anne; Gerlitz, Carolin; Rogers, Richard; Sanchez, Natalia; Venturini, Tommaso; Severo, Marta; Rieder, Bernhard
The Digital Methods Initiative Summerschool 2012 Online
(DMI), The Digital Methods Initiative (Ed.): 2012, visited: 02.07.2012.
@online{Mogoutov2012,
title = {The Digital Methods Initiative Summerschool 2012},
author = {Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Erik Borra and Michael Stevenson and Anne Helmond and Carolin Gerlitz and Richard Rogers and Natalia Sanchez and Tommaso Venturini and Marta Severo and Bernhard Rieder},
editor = {The Digital Methods Initiative (DMI)},
url = {https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/Summerschool2012Presentations
https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/Summerschool2012Schedule
https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/Summerschool2012Workshops},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-07-02},
urldate = {2012-07-02},
abstract = {The Digital Methods Initiative Summerschool 2012 workshops
Crawling & Scraping
The workshop serves as an introduction to two classic digital methods techniques for issue mapping and analysis. A discussion of the Issue Crawler and the Lippmannian device is followed by a short exercise in which we'll study the presence of skeptics among top sources of information related to climate change.
Tracking the Trackers
In this short workshop you will learn how to map the cookie ecology related to a set of websites using the DMI Tracker Tracker tool and Gephi. The Tracker Tracker tool was conceived at the Digital Methods Winterschool 2012 in January. It is build on top of the anti-tracking plugin www.ghostery.com and allows to identify the invisible web, devices that track user activities online and the services associated to them. In order to prepare for this workshop we recommend reading the related projects and materials listed below. Please download and install Gephi athttps://gephi.org/ before the workshop starts so you can also learn how to visualize your results.
CorText: Open Platform for Heterogeneous Data Collection, Analysis and Visualization
IFRIS Digital Platform has developed a powerful web based software solution to address the needs of social scientists conducting empirical studies in the fields of Media Studies, Science and Technology Studies and Digital Humanities. The software platform CorText is an open online service for heterogeneous data analysis, modeling and visualization. The platform has the ambition to provide powerful data mash-up capacities transforming various data sources to structured analytical database. CorText platform offers a large spectrum of analytical tools integrating methods and approaches coming from Data Mining, computational linguistics, dynamical systems modeling, (post-)network analysis.
Query Design & List Building
How does one build a source set? How does one identify key words? How to query the source sets for the key words?
Actor-Network Textual Analysis (ANTA)
Having its roots in the laboratories studies movement, actor-network theory has always had in ethnography its privileged research method. Still, at least in the words of its founders, ANT has always longed for a more quantitative grasp of its objects. Until recently all the attempts to devise an integrated methodology for actor-network text analysis were frustrated by the scarcity of text to be analyzed. A part from scientific literature and media discourses it was difficult to find large amount of digitized text to investigate. In the last few years, this bottleneck has been spectacularly removed by the advent of electronic media and of digital traceability. The deluge of digitized texts made available online by all sort of actors (institutions, individuals, associations, media, activists, scientists…) calls for new tools of analysis at the same time more user-friendly and more powerful. ANTA or Actor-Network Analyzer is one of such tools. It has been developed at Sciences Po médialab to offer social researchers a simple text-analysis toolkit attuned with the theoretical tenets of actor-network theory.
Working with Networks: Analysis and Visualization (Gephi)
Network analysis has become a common technique for working with various types of data. Especially the gephi graph analysis toolkit has made the method significantly more accessible by providing a relatively easy to use interface for exploring and visualizing graphs. This tutorial will introduce a number of basic concepts from graph theory and explicate them by showing how gephi allows us to work with them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The Digital Methods Initiative Summerschool 2012 workshops
Crawling & Scraping
The workshop serves as an introduction to two classic digital methods techniques for issue mapping and analysis. A discussion of the Issue Crawler and the Lippmannian device is followed by a short exercise in which we'll study the presence of skeptics among top sources of information related to climate change.
Tracking the Trackers
In this short workshop you will learn how to map the cookie ecology related to a set of websites using the DMI Tracker Tracker tool and Gephi. The Tracker Tracker tool was conceived at the Digital Methods Winterschool 2012 in January. It is build on top of the anti-tracking plugin www.ghostery.com and allows to identify the invisible web, devices that track user activities online and the services associated to them. In order to prepare for this workshop we recommend reading the related projects and materials listed below. Please download and install Gephi athttps://gephi.org/ before the workshop starts so you can also learn how to visualize your results.
CorText: Open Platform for Heterogeneous Data Collection, Analysis and Visualization
IFRIS Digital Platform has developed a powerful web based software solution to address the needs of social scientists conducting empirical studies in the fields of Media Studies, Science and Technology Studies and Digital Humanities. The software platform CorText is an open online service for heterogeneous data analysis, modeling and visualization. The platform has the ambition to provide powerful data mash-up capacities transforming various data sources to structured analytical database. CorText platform offers a large spectrum of analytical tools integrating methods and approaches coming from Data Mining, computational linguistics, dynamical systems modeling, (post-)network analysis.
Query Design & List Building
How does one build a source set? How does one identify key words? How to query the source sets for the key words?
Actor-Network Textual Analysis (ANTA)
Having its roots in the laboratories studies movement, actor-network theory has always had in ethnography its privileged research method. Still, at least in the words of its founders, ANT has always longed for a more quantitative grasp of its objects. Until recently all the attempts to devise an integrated methodology for actor-network text analysis were frustrated by the scarcity of text to be analyzed. A part from scientific literature and media discourses it was difficult to find large amount of digitized text to investigate. In the last few years, this bottleneck has been spectacularly removed by the advent of electronic media and of digital traceability. The deluge of digitized texts made available online by all sort of actors (institutions, individuals, associations, media, activists, scientists…) calls for new tools of analysis at the same time more user-friendly and more powerful. ANTA or Actor-Network Analyzer is one of such tools. It has been developed at Sciences Po médialab to offer social researchers a simple text-analysis toolkit attuned with the theoretical tenets of actor-network theory.
Working with Networks: Analysis and Visualization (Gephi)
Network analysis has become a common technique for working with various types of data. Especially the gephi graph analysis toolkit has made the method significantly more accessible by providing a relatively easy to use interface for exploring and visualizing graphs. This tutorial will introduce a number of basic concepts from graph theory and explicate them by showing how gephi allows us to work with them.
Crawling & Scraping
The workshop serves as an introduction to two classic digital methods techniques for issue mapping and analysis. A discussion of the Issue Crawler and the Lippmannian device is followed by a short exercise in which we'll study the presence of skeptics among top sources of information related to climate change.
Tracking the Trackers
In this short workshop you will learn how to map the cookie ecology related to a set of websites using the DMI Tracker Tracker tool and Gephi. The Tracker Tracker tool was conceived at the Digital Methods Winterschool 2012 in January. It is build on top of the anti-tracking plugin www.ghostery.com and allows to identify the invisible web, devices that track user activities online and the services associated to them. In order to prepare for this workshop we recommend reading the related projects and materials listed below. Please download and install Gephi athttps://gephi.org/ before the workshop starts so you can also learn how to visualize your results.
CorText: Open Platform for Heterogeneous Data Collection, Analysis and Visualization
IFRIS Digital Platform has developed a powerful web based software solution to address the needs of social scientists conducting empirical studies in the fields of Media Studies, Science and Technology Studies and Digital Humanities. The software platform CorText is an open online service for heterogeneous data analysis, modeling and visualization. The platform has the ambition to provide powerful data mash-up capacities transforming various data sources to structured analytical database. CorText platform offers a large spectrum of analytical tools integrating methods and approaches coming from Data Mining, computational linguistics, dynamical systems modeling, (post-)network analysis.
Query Design & List Building
How does one build a source set? How does one identify key words? How to query the source sets for the key words?
Actor-Network Textual Analysis (ANTA)
Having its roots in the laboratories studies movement, actor-network theory has always had in ethnography its privileged research method. Still, at least in the words of its founders, ANT has always longed for a more quantitative grasp of its objects. Until recently all the attempts to devise an integrated methodology for actor-network text analysis were frustrated by the scarcity of text to be analyzed. A part from scientific literature and media discourses it was difficult to find large amount of digitized text to investigate. In the last few years, this bottleneck has been spectacularly removed by the advent of electronic media and of digital traceability. The deluge of digitized texts made available online by all sort of actors (institutions, individuals, associations, media, activists, scientists…) calls for new tools of analysis at the same time more user-friendly and more powerful. ANTA or Actor-Network Analyzer is one of such tools. It has been developed at Sciences Po médialab to offer social researchers a simple text-analysis toolkit attuned with the theoretical tenets of actor-network theory.
Working with Networks: Analysis and Visualization (Gephi)
Network analysis has become a common technique for working with various types of data. Especially the gephi graph analysis toolkit has made the method significantly more accessible by providing a relatively easy to use interface for exploring and visualizing graphs. This tutorial will introduce a number of basic concepts from graph theory and explicate them by showing how gephi allows us to work with them.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorTexT Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 1050 authors to trust CorTexT for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorTexT Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
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