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2022

Conferences

Dauphine-Morer, Anne-Lise; Boissy, Alain; Zenasni, Franck; Mambrini-Doudet, Muriel

Investigating intention in non-human animals: a need for a new theoretical and methodological framework Conference

Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2022.

@conference{nokey,

title = {Investigating intention in non-human animals: a need for a new theoretical and methodological framework},

author = {Anne-Lise Dauphine-Morer and Alain Boissy and Franck Zenasni and Muriel Mambrini-Doudet},

url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03800278},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-02},

urldate = {2022-09-02},

booktitle = {Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology},

issuetitle = {55},

address = {Ohrid, Macedonia},

abstract = {While intentions are commonly assessed in humans, this is not the case in non-human animals, which may limit the accuracy of the assessment of their welfare status, which depends, in particular, on whether their expectations are met. Our assumption is that the current approaches in ethology do not take into consideration the possibility that animals have intentions. Our objective is to find the way to evaluate animal intentions. Method: We have developed a two-steps method: i) a bibliometric investigation to identify and select key approaches to study intention within a team gathering ethologists, psychologists and epistemologists. ii) The key approaches identified were confronted to current practices in ethology through three one-day interdisciplinary workshops, gathering 21 researchers in ethology, psychology, law, philosophy, veterinary, learning sciences, management sciences and design. Each workshop had three stages: a disciplinary assessment, an interdisciplinary prospect and a collective design. Results: Step 1: In Scopus database from the 2016-2020, we extracted 89 000 papers with intention in title and keywords. Only 1% of them were explicitly dealing with intention in non-human animals. We analysed the co-occurrence of the authors’ keywords of this 1% papers, to specify the scientific approaches with the CorText Platform. We found 10 discrepant approaches: behavioural flexibility & social context; human-animal interaction & domestication; mirror neuron & language; flexibility & meaning; self-domestication & disease; comparative cognition & auditory; handedness & manipulation; brain evolution & cultural evolution; antiphony & duets and teaching & tradition. All are relative to what we know about human intention, none was specific of what could be non-human animal intention. Step 2: The 3 workshops were successful. Disciplinary assessment: all participants translated the ten approaches into relevant scientific concepts, method and questions in their own discipline. Interdisciplinary prospect: split in groups, participants co-elaborated a hypothesis to study animal intentions based on the combination of concepts, methods and questions gathered on 3 of 10 approaches. Here are three examples: H1. Intention is not directly accessible, but it can be expressed through behavioural adaptations in the relationship. H2. The study of the environment effects on interactions reveals intentions. H3. Interactions have different repercussions on the maintenance or emission or even the valence of the behaviour or intention. Collective design: 7 protocols to test the hypothesis were developed. We will present the overall outputs of the workshops and discuss the power of hypothesis and protocols to prevent anthropocentric approaches when studying animal intention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

While intentions are commonly assessed in humans, this is not the case in non-human animals, which may limit the accuracy of the assessment of their welfare status, which depends, in particular, on whether their expectations are met. Our assumption is that the current approaches in ethology do not take into consideration the possibility that animals have intentions. Our objective is to find the way to evaluate animal intentions. Method: We have developed a two-steps method: i) a bibliometric investigation to identify and select key approaches to study intention within a team gathering ethologists, psychologists and epistemologists. ii) The key approaches identified were confronted to current practices in ethology through three one-day interdisciplinary workshops, gathering 21 researchers in ethology, psychology, law, philosophy, veterinary, learning sciences, management sciences and design. Each workshop had three stages: a disciplinary assessment, an interdisciplinary prospect and a collective design. Results: Step 1: In Scopus database from the 2016-2020, we extracted 89 000 papers with intention in title and keywords. Only 1% of them were explicitly dealing with intention in non-human animals. We analysed the co-occurrence of the authors’ keywords of this 1% papers, to specify the scientific approaches with the CorText Platform. We found 10 discrepant approaches: behavioural flexibility & social context; human-animal interaction & domestication; mirror neuron & language; flexibility & meaning; self-domestication & disease; comparative cognition & auditory; handedness & manipulation; brain evolution & cultural evolution; antiphony & duets and teaching & tradition. All are relative to what we know about human intention, none was specific of what could be non-human animal intention. Step 2: The 3 workshops were successful. Disciplinary assessment: all participants translated the ten approaches into relevant scientific concepts, method and questions in their own discipline. Interdisciplinary prospect: split in groups, participants co-elaborated a hypothesis to study animal intentions based on the combination of concepts, methods and questions gathered on 3 of 10 approaches. Here are three examples: H1. Intention is not directly accessible, but it can be expressed through behavioural adaptations in the relationship. H2. The study of the environment effects on interactions reveals intentions. H3. Interactions have different repercussions on the maintenance or emission or even the valence of the behaviour or intention. Collective design: 7 protocols to test the hypothesis were developed. We will present the overall outputs of the workshops and discuss the power of hypothesis and protocols to prevent anthropocentric approaches when studying animal intention.

2019

Masters Theses

Morales, Manuel

Industrial symbiosis, a model of strong sustainability : an analysis of two case studies, Tampico and Dunkirk Masters Thesis

Université Clermont Auvergne, 2019, (HAL Id : tel-02639298 , version 1).

Abstract | BibTeX

@mastersthesis{Morales2019,

title = {Industrial symbiosis, a model of strong sustainability : an analysis of two case studies, Tampico and Dunkirk},

author = {Manuel Morales},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-21},

school = {Université Clermont Auvergne},

abstract = {Industrial symbiosis (IS) is presented as an inter-firm organizational strategy with the aim of social innovation that targets material and energy flow optimization, but also structural sustainability. In this study, we present systems thinking and geographical proximity as the theoretical framework used to analyze industrial symbiosis through a methodology based on System Dynamics and the underpinning use of Causal Loop Diagrams, aiming to identify the main drivers and hindrances that reinforce or balance the industrial symbiosis’s sustainability. The understanding of industrial symbiosis is embedded in a theoretical framework that conceptualizes industry as a complex ecosystem in which qualitative and quantitative approaches can be integrated, if we use a methodology flexible enough to encompass the complexity of the stakeholder’s values and motivations in the same analysis. Furthermore, the methodology performs a comparative strength over descriptive statistical forecasting, because it is able to integrate social causal rationality when estimating attractiveness in a region or individual firm’s potential. The stakeholders’ influence becomes essential to the complex understanding of this institution, because by shaping individual behavior in a social context, industrial symbiosis provides a degree of cooperation in order to overcome social dilemmas for actors like the tension between efficiency/resilience, who cannot be achieved by their own. The proposed narrative encourages us to draw up scenarios, integrating variables from different motivational value in the industrial symbiosis. We use the Altamira and the Dunkirk case studies to explain the role of geographical systems analysis, identifying loops that reinforce or regulate the sustainability of industrial symbiosis, and three drivers: “Efficiency/Resilience dilemma”, “Industrial symbiosis governance”, and “The role of global recycling networks in the by-product valorization”. The social dimension integration in the analysis of a complex system is indeed applied to enhance the understanding of IS dynamics, but a great potential is foreseen for other micro-level social systems like for example urban metabolism dynamics or bio-economy. },

note = {HAL Id : tel-02639298 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {mastersthesis}

}

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is presented as an inter-firm organizational strategy with the aim of social innovation that targets material and energy flow optimization, but also structural sustainability. In this study, we present systems thinking and geographical proximity as the theoretical framework used to analyze industrial symbiosis through a methodology based on System Dynamics and the underpinning use of Causal Loop Diagrams, aiming to identify the main drivers and hindrances that reinforce or balance the industrial symbiosis’s sustainability. The understanding of industrial symbiosis is embedded in a theoretical framework that conceptualizes industry as a complex ecosystem in which qualitative and quantitative approaches can be integrated, if we use a methodology flexible enough to encompass the complexity of the stakeholder’s values and motivations in the same analysis. Furthermore, the methodology performs a comparative strength over descriptive statistical forecasting, because it is able to integrate social causal rationality when estimating attractiveness in a region or individual firm’s potential. The stakeholders’ influence becomes essential to the complex understanding of this institution, because by shaping individual behavior in a social context, industrial symbiosis provides a degree of cooperation in order to overcome social dilemmas for actors like the tension between efficiency/resilience, who cannot be achieved by their own. The proposed narrative encourages us to draw up scenarios, integrating variables from different motivational value in the industrial symbiosis. We use the Altamira and the Dunkirk case studies to explain the role of geographical systems analysis, identifying loops that reinforce or regulate the sustainability of industrial symbiosis, and three drivers: “Efficiency/Resilience dilemma”, “Industrial symbiosis governance”, and “The role of global recycling networks in the by-product valorization”. The social dimension integration in the analysis of a complex system is indeed applied to enhance the understanding of IS dynamics, but a great potential is foreseen for other micro-level social systems like for example urban metabolism dynamics or bio-economy.

2015

Masters Theses

el Jamal, Sarah

Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study Masters Thesis

American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

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