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1.

Ollivier, Guillaume; Gasselin, Pierre; Batifol, Véronique

The framings of the coexistence of agrifood models: a computational analysis of French media Journal Article

In: Agriculture and Human Values, 2024.

@article{Ollivier2024,

title = {The framings of the coexistence of agrifood models: a computational analysis of French media},

author = {Guillaume Ollivier and Pierre Gasselin and Véronique Batifol},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-023-10531-6

https://rdcu.be/dAuZ4

},

doi = {10.1007/s10460-023-10531-6},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-07},

urldate = {2024-02-07},

journal = {Agriculture and Human Values},

abstract = {The confrontations of stakeholder visions about agriculture and food production has become a focal point in the public sphere, coinciding with a diversification of agrifood models. This study analyzes the debates stemming from the coexistence of these models, particularly during the initial term of neoliberal-centrist Emmanuel Macron’s presidency in France.

Employing collective monitoring from 2017 to 2021, a corpus of 958 online news and blog articles was compiled. Using a computational analysis, we reveal the framings and controversies emerging from this media discourse. The macro-structuring of discourse on model coexistence revolves around scientific, economic and political framings. Coexistence is a complex of debates based on specific frames associated with specific arenas and actor configurations: growth of organic agriculture, transformations of agrifood systems, sciences of production and impacts, livestock and meat diet controversies, agroecological innovations, CAP reform criticism, discourse of peasant agriculture and State-Profession co-gestion. Employing global sentiment analysis and focusing on salient controversies, namely EGAlim law, pesticide regulations, and agribashing, we show the shift from conciliation to a hardening of debates. Finally, we discuss the causes and consequences of this trend. The political will to support the transition of agriculture remains influenced by the co-gestion system, an inherited configuration of decision-makers instrumental in the agricultural modernization. As a consequence, significant agricultural challenges, particularly highlighted in the scientific macro-frame, persist unresolved. This lock-in of the agrifood system is based on defensive strategies that challenge the democratic debate about food and agricultural practices.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

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2.

Gassie, Julia; Bidaud, Florent; Kakpo, Nathalie; Lerbourg, Jérôme

Images et représentations de l’agriculture dans la société française d’aujourd’hui Working paper

2024.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@workingpaper{Gassie2024,

title = {Images et représentations de l’agriculture dans la société française d’aujourd’hui},

author = {Julia Gassie and Florent Bidaud and Nathalie Kakpo and Jérôme Lerbourg},

url = {https://agriculture.gouv.fr/images-et-representations-de-lagriculture-dans-la-societe-francaise-daujourdhui

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jerome-Lerbourg/publication/379330246_Images_et_representations_de_l'agriculture_dans_la_societe_francaise_d'aujourd'hui/links/66044b6bb839e05a209d3832/Images-et-representations-de-lagriculture-dans-la-societe-francaise-daujourdhui.pdf

},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

institution = {Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire},

organization = {Centre d’études et de prospective},

abstract = {Si le monde agricole fait l’objet de nombreux travaux descriptifs et quantitatifs, les images et représentations le concernant sont des aspects moins étudiés et moins mobilisés dans les politiques publiques. Ils jouent pourtant un rôle important dans l’élaboration des opinions, perceptions et analyses relatives à l’agriculture. Ce document montre tout d’abord la grande diversité des conceptions véhiculées sur le monde agricole, par différents canaux et émetteurs.

Il traite ensuite des représentations, constructions culturelles et symboliques largement partagées et façonnées sur le temps long : quatre de ces représentations dominent aujourd’hui, dans la société française, constituant un stock de références et jugements mobilisables par les acteurs qui s’expriment sur l’agriculture. Enfin, il analyse trois débats contemporains (agribashing, pesticides, bien-être animal) et éclaire les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans l’espace public. Ce travail apporte ainsi un cadre général de lecture. Il aide à mieux comprendre les manières de dire et de penser l’agriculture contemporaine, et ses rapports changeants avec la société. Il offre aussi des perspectives en matière de veille, d’anticipation prospective et d’analyse des transformations concrètes du monde agricole.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workingpaper}

}

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3.

Abdo, Alexandre Hannud; Benbouzid, Bilel; Turnheim, Bruno; Raimbault, Benjamin; Barbier, Marc

SASHIMI and new frontiers in the study of socio-semantic networks with mixed-methods on the Cortext Platform Conference

Sunbelt 2023 Portland, OR, United States, 2023, (INSNA).

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@conference{Abdo2023,

title = {SASHIMI and new frontiers in the study of socio-semantic networks with mixed-methods on the Cortext Platform},

author = { Alexandre Hannud Abdo and Bilel Benbouzid and Bruno Turnheim and Benjamin Raimbault and Marc Barbier},

url = {https://hal.science/hal-04488978/

https://solstag.gitlab.io/presentations/sunbelt2023/

},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-28},

address = {Portland, OR, United States},

organization = {Sunbelt 2023 },

abstract = {Since 2008, the Cortext Platform contributes expertise, infrastructure and computing power for the analysis of "socio-semantic networks", benefiting a global community engaged primarily in original research in the social sciences and humanities, but also assisting literature reviews in a host of others fields, as well as policy and business applications. In 2022, at least 60 peer-reviewed academic publications made direct use of our services, adding to a total of over 300. This presentation will focus on SASHIMI (Hannud Abdo, 2021), a network based, mixed-methods approach recently developed in addition to our earlier Network Mapping methods (Cointet 2012, Cointet 2017), available as both a suite of no-code methods in the free-to-use Cortext Manager cloud service, and a free-and-open-source software library. We will present SASHIMI through some examples of socio-semantic analyses: (a) from the field of Transition Studies, an inquiry into the variety of disciplinary manifestations throughout the social sciences of the "research problem of destabilisation of socio-technical systems", that seeks to inform current destabilisation/discontinuation/phase-out studies with a wider understanding of the problem. (b) from the field of Science and Technology Studies, an analysis of policy documents pertaining to the regulation of artificial intelligence, identifying the interplay between major actors associated with different themes, sectors and perspectives (solutionism, contestation, regulation) on the issue; (c) still in STS, an analysis of social media interactions concerning environmental controversies, focusing on the debate around pesticides in France. SASHIMI is based on domain-topic models, an application of network clustering that synthesizes document clustering (or clustering of any kind of hypernode) and topic modeling. It is also based on a suite of human interfaces — block maps, network maps, and hyperlinked tables — that afford interactive exploration and visualization of the different types of clusters, and their relationships, at discrete levels of granularity ranging from the entire corpus to the individual document, from the entire vocabulary to the individual word. The clustering aspect is based on modern community detection methods, namely the Nested Stochastic Block Model (Peixoto, 2015), while introducing a twist to allow further clustering of dimensions attributed to hypernodes (documents), such as people, time, venue or other categorical metadata, that did not participate in the initial clustering — excluded, for example, in order to produce "semantic" document clusters based exclusively on textual contents. To this particular procedure we give the name "chaining". In the context of the three aforementioned examples, we'll explain a set of concepts and practices, emerging from our usage, to productively co-construct meaning between the representations afforded by the models and interfaces, and the goals, inputs and choices of a researcher with field and experiential knowledge. Particularly, how to interpret the clusters and the specificity and commonality scores of inter-cluster relationships employed in the maps, how to build sequences of corpus delimitation and dimension chaining operations and interpret them, and finally how to construct coherent domain groups we call "constellations", and identify attribute flows in their cores and frontiers. },

note = {INSNA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

Close

Since 2008, the Cortext Platform contributes expertise, infrastructure and computing power for the analysis of "socio-semantic networks", benefiting a global community engaged primarily in original research in the social sciences and humanities, but also assisting literature reviews in a host of others fields, as well as policy and business applications. In 2022, at least 60 peer-reviewed academic publications made direct use of our services, adding to a total of over 300. This presentation will focus on SASHIMI (Hannud Abdo, 2021), a network based, mixed-methods approach recently developed in addition to our earlier Network Mapping methods (Cointet 2012, Cointet 2017), available as both a suite of no-code methods in the free-to-use Cortext Manager cloud service, and a free-and-open-source software library. We will present SASHIMI through some examples of socio-semantic analyses: (a) from the field of Transition Studies, an inquiry into the variety of disciplinary manifestations throughout the social sciences of the "research problem of destabilisation of socio-technical systems", that seeks to inform current destabilisation/discontinuation/phase-out studies with a wider understanding of the problem. (b) from the field of Science and Technology Studies, an analysis of policy documents pertaining to the regulation of artificial intelligence, identifying the interplay between major actors associated with different themes, sectors and perspectives (solutionism, contestation, regulation) on the issue; (c) still in STS, an analysis of social media interactions concerning environmental controversies, focusing on the debate around pesticides in France. SASHIMI is based on domain-topic models, an application of network clustering that synthesizes document clustering (or clustering of any kind of hypernode) and topic modeling. It is also based on a suite of human interfaces — block maps, network maps, and hyperlinked tables — that afford interactive exploration and visualization of the different types of clusters, and their relationships, at discrete levels of granularity ranging from the entire corpus to the individual document, from the entire vocabulary to the individual word. The clustering aspect is based on modern community detection methods, namely the Nested Stochastic Block Model (Peixoto, 2015), while introducing a twist to allow further clustering of dimensions attributed to hypernodes (documents), such as people, time, venue or other categorical metadata, that did not participate in the initial clustering — excluded, for example, in order to produce "semantic" document clusters based exclusively on textual contents. To this particular procedure we give the name "chaining". In the context of the three aforementioned examples, we'll explain a set of concepts and practices, emerging from our usage, to productively co-construct meaning between the representations afforded by the models and interfaces, and the goals, inputs and choices of a researcher with field and experiential knowledge. Particularly, how to interpret the clusters and the specificity and commonality scores of inter-cluster relationships employed in the maps, how to build sequences of corpus delimitation and dimension chaining operations and interpret them, and finally how to construct coherent domain groups we call "constellations", and identify attribute flows in their cores and frontiers.

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4.

van Dis, Renée

Re-envisioning Responsible Research : The Inextricable Role of TranslationThe case of ASIRPA Real-Time in the French 0-Pesticides mission PhD Thesis

2023.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@phdthesis{vanDis2023,

title = {Re-envisioning Responsible Research : The Inextricable Role of TranslationThe case of ASIRPA Real-Time in the French 0-Pesticides mission},

author = {Renée van Dis},

url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-04238279},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-12},

abstract = {To what extent can we responsibilise researchers to respond to societal challenges? Within Europe, governments are seeking to achieve societal missions through policy programmes that support alternative ways of conducting research. This policy innovation highlights the responsibilities for resolving problems in society that governments attribute to researchers. Such policies diverge from a context of ‘excellent science’, where research efforts are oriented towards economic growth and blue-sky objectives, and where scientific advances are not tempered by societal context. Instead, directing research to meet societal needs requires a different understanding and means of assessing the societal impact of research. Formative evaluation has emerged as a means to support the responsibilisation of researchers, which involves the evaluation of real-time impact as a learning process involving all actors in the R&I programme. Therefore, responsibilisation of researchers could be conceptualised as a formative process of (re)orienting research towards societal impact in real time. In this thesis, I question how formative evaluation encourages researchers to take responsibility for contributing to a societal mission through their research.To respond to this question, I studied the case of a French research programme launched in 2019: The Priority Research Programme ‘Growing and Protecting crops Differently’ (PPR-CPA), with the ambitious mission of eradicating pesticides by 2040. I worked with the researchers of the ten funded research projects who are encouraged to think about their contribution to the constitution of a pesticide-free society with the alternative solutions to pesticides that they study. The PPR-CPA has integrated ASIRPA Real Time (RT), a formative evaluation approach, to support researchers in this process. ASIRPA RT mobilises the sociology of translation to highlight the chains of translation that occur during the process of generating societal impacts. In conducting my research within the ASIPRA TR team, I compared researchers' visions of eradicating pesticides before their participation in ASIRPA TR (T0) and one year after (T1). I introduce the notion of 'responsible translation' to describe the process I observed of how researchers move from holding visions of alternative solutions they study in their projects to those of a society that eradicates pesticides. This process highlights the fact that researchers must envision the roles and responsibilities of actors in reconfigured heterogeneous networks in order to anticipate their impact on society. My thesis contributes to academic knowledge as I demonstrate the links between the responsibilisation of researchers and processes of translation, supported by formative evaluation. I show that normative visions of responsibility guide research, but they need to be translated in order to work. Consequently, these visions become part of the translation process in mission-oriented contexts.





Dans quelle mesure pouvons-nous responsabiliser les chercheurs pour qu'ils répondent aux défis de la société ? En Europe, les gouvernements mettent en place des politiques d’innovation dites de mission qui soutiennent des manières alternatives de mener la recherche. Cette approche met en évidence les responsabilités que les gouvernements attribuent aux chercheurs dans résolution des problèmes de la société. Ce contexte diffère de celui de la ‘science d'excellence’, où les efforts de recherche sont orientés par la croissance économique et des objectifs scientifiques, et où les avancées scientifiques ne sont pas considérées dans leur contexte sociétal. Au contraire, l'orientation de la recherche pour afin de répondre aux besoins de la société exige une compréhension différente et des moyens d'évaluer l'impact sociétal de la recherche. L'évaluation formative est un moyen de soutenir la responsabilisation des chercheurs, qui implique l'évaluation de l'impact en temps réel en tant que processus d'apprentissage incluant tous les acteurs du programme de recherche et d'innovation. Par conséquent, la responsabilisation des chercheurs pourrait être conceptualisée comme un processus formatif de (ré)orientation de la recherche vers l'impact sociétal en temps réel. Dans cette thèse, je questionne la manière dont l'évaluation formative encourage les chercheurs à prendre la responsabilité de contribuer à une mission sociétale par le biais de leurs projets de recherche.

Pour répondre à cette question, j'ai étudié le cas d'un programme de recherche français lancé en 2019 : le Programme prioritaire de recherche « Cultiver et protéger autrement » (PPR-CPA), avec la mission ambitieuse d'éradiquer les pesticides d'ici 2040. J'ai travaillé avec les chercheurs des dix projets de recherche financés qui sont encouragés à réfléchir à leur contribution à la constitution d'une société sans pesticides avec les solutions alternatives aux pesticides qu'ils étudient. Le PPR-CPA a intégré ASIRPA Temps Réel (TR), une approche d'évaluation formative, pour soutenir les chercheurs dans ce processus. ASIRPA TR mobilise la sociologie de la traduction afin de mettre en évidence les chaînes de traduction tout au long du processus de génération des impacts sociétaux. En menant ma recherche au sein de l'équipe ASIPRA TR, j'ai comparé les visions des chercheurs sur l'éradication des pesticides avant leur participation à ASIRPA TR (T0) et un an après (T1). J'ai développé la notion de « traduction responsable » afin de décrire le processus que j'ai observé sur la façon dont les chercheurs passent de visions de solutions alternatives qu'ils étudient dans leurs projets à celles d'une société qui éradique les pesticides. Ce processus met en évidence le fait que les chercheurs doivent envisager les rôles et les responsabilités des acteurs dans des réseaux hétérogènes reconfigurés afin d'anticiper leur impact sur la société. Ma thèse contribue à la connaissance académique en démontrant les liens entre la responsabilisation des chercheurs et les processus de traduction, soutenus par l'évaluation formative. Je montre que les visions normatives de la responsabilité guident la recherche, mais qu'elles doivent être traduites pour fonctionner. Par conséquent, ces visions font partie du processus de traduction dans les contextes orientés vers une mission.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

Close

To what extent can we responsibilise researchers to respond to societal challenges? Within Europe, governments are seeking to achieve societal missions through policy programmes that support alternative ways of conducting research. This policy innovation highlights the responsibilities for resolving problems in society that governments attribute to researchers. Such policies diverge from a context of ‘excellent science’, where research efforts are oriented towards economic growth and blue-sky objectives, and where scientific advances are not tempered by societal context. Instead, directing research to meet societal needs requires a different understanding and means of assessing the societal impact of research. Formative evaluation has emerged as a means to support the responsibilisation of researchers, which involves the evaluation of real-time impact as a learning process involving all actors in the R&I programme. Therefore, responsibilisation of researchers could be conceptualised as a formative process of (re)orienting research towards societal impact in real time. In this thesis, I question how formative evaluation encourages researchers to take responsibility for contributing to a societal mission through their research.To respond to this question, I studied the case of a French research programme launched in 2019: The Priority Research Programme ‘Growing and Protecting crops Differently’ (PPR-CPA), with the ambitious mission of eradicating pesticides by 2040. I worked with the researchers of the ten funded research projects who are encouraged to think about their contribution to the constitution of a pesticide-free society with the alternative solutions to pesticides that they study. The PPR-CPA has integrated ASIRPA Real Time (RT), a formative evaluation approach, to support researchers in this process. ASIRPA RT mobilises the sociology of translation to highlight the chains of translation that occur during the process of generating societal impacts. In conducting my research within the ASIPRA TR team, I compared researchers' visions of eradicating pesticides before their participation in ASIRPA TR (T0) and one year after (T1). I introduce the notion of 'responsible translation' to describe the process I observed of how researchers move from holding visions of alternative solutions they study in their projects to those of a society that eradicates pesticides. This process highlights the fact that researchers must envision the roles and responsibilities of actors in reconfigured heterogeneous networks in order to anticipate their impact on society. My thesis contributes to academic knowledge as I demonstrate the links between the responsibilisation of researchers and processes of translation, supported by formative evaluation. I show that normative visions of responsibility guide research, but they need to be translated in order to work. Consequently, these visions become part of the translation process in mission-oriented contexts.

Dans quelle mesure pouvons-nous responsabiliser les chercheurs pour qu'ils répondent aux défis de la société ? En Europe, les gouvernements mettent en place des politiques d’innovation dites de mission qui soutiennent des manières alternatives de mener la recherche. Cette approche met en évidence les responsabilités que les gouvernements attribuent aux chercheurs dans résolution des problèmes de la société. Ce contexte diffère de celui de la ‘science d'excellence’, où les efforts de recherche sont orientés par la croissance économique et des objectifs scientifiques, et où les avancées scientifiques ne sont pas considérées dans leur contexte sociétal. Au contraire, l'orientation de la recherche pour afin de répondre aux besoins de la société exige une compréhension différente et des moyens d'évaluer l'impact sociétal de la recherche. L'évaluation formative est un moyen de soutenir la responsabilisation des chercheurs, qui implique l'évaluation de l'impact en temps réel en tant que processus d'apprentissage incluant tous les acteurs du programme de recherche et d'innovation. Par conséquent, la responsabilisation des chercheurs pourrait être conceptualisée comme un processus formatif de (ré)orientation de la recherche vers l'impact sociétal en temps réel. Dans cette thèse, je questionne la manière dont l'évaluation formative encourage les chercheurs à prendre la responsabilité de contribuer à une mission sociétale par le biais de leurs projets de recherche.
Pour répondre à cette question, j'ai étudié le cas d'un programme de recherche français lancé en 2019 : le Programme prioritaire de recherche « Cultiver et protéger autrement » (PPR-CPA), avec la mission ambitieuse d'éradiquer les pesticides d'ici 2040. J'ai travaillé avec les chercheurs des dix projets de recherche financés qui sont encouragés à réfléchir à leur contribution à la constitution d'une société sans pesticides avec les solutions alternatives aux pesticides qu'ils étudient. Le PPR-CPA a intégré ASIRPA Temps Réel (TR), une approche d'évaluation formative, pour soutenir les chercheurs dans ce processus. ASIRPA TR mobilise la sociologie de la traduction afin de mettre en évidence les chaînes de traduction tout au long du processus de génération des impacts sociétaux. En menant ma recherche au sein de l'équipe ASIPRA TR, j'ai comparé les visions des chercheurs sur l'éradication des pesticides avant leur participation à ASIRPA TR (T0) et un an après (T1). J'ai développé la notion de « traduction responsable » afin de décrire le processus que j'ai observé sur la façon dont les chercheurs passent de visions de solutions alternatives qu'ils étudient dans leurs projets à celles d'une société qui éradique les pesticides. Ce processus met en évidence le fait que les chercheurs doivent envisager les rôles et les responsabilités des acteurs dans des réseaux hétérogènes reconfigurés afin d'anticiper leur impact sur la société. Ma thèse contribue à la connaissance académique en démontrant les liens entre la responsabilisation des chercheurs et les processus de traduction, soutenus par l'évaluation formative. Je montre que les visions normatives de la responsabilité guident la recherche, mais qu'elles doivent être traduites pour fonctionner. Par conséquent, ces visions font partie du processus de traduction dans les contextes orientés vers une mission.

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5.

Hernandez-Tenorio, Fabian; Miranda, Alejandra M.; Rodríguez, Carlos A.; Giraldo-Estrada, Catalina; Sáez, Alex A.

Potential Strategies in the Biopesticide Formulations: A Bibliometric Analysis Journal Article

In: Agronomy, vol. 12, iss. 2665, no. 11, 2022.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@article{Hernandez-Tenorio2022,

title = {Potential Strategies in the Biopesticide Formulations: A Bibliometric Analysis },

author = {Fabian Hernandez-Tenorio and Alejandra M. Miranda and Carlos A. Rodríguez and Catalina Giraldo-Estrada and Alex A. Sáez},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/11/2665

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/11/2665/pdf?version=1667202573},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112665},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-01},

journal = {Agronomy},

volume = {12},

number = {11},

issue = {2665},

abstract = {Biopesticides are pest and pathogen management agents based on living microorganisms or natural products (botanical origin). Due to their natural origins, they stand out as an environmentally friendly tool, since they quickly decompose and minimize pollution problems produced by synthetic pesticides. However, these products present significant challenges that affect the bioactivities of the active components, due to the degradation of the biomass or bioactive metabolite by factors such as air, light, and temperature. Therefore, in this study, a systematic search of the Scopus database was conducted and scientometric tools were used to evaluate formulation techniques and approaches that seek to improve the bioactivities of natural preparations. The results showed that published research on biopesticides has significantly increased by 71.24% in the last decade (2011–2021). Likewise, the bibliometrics showed, through temporal flow analysis, and in the period from 2010 to 2021, investigations evolved have toward the use of nanotechnology, with the purpose of improving and potentiating the formulations of biopesticides. Consequently, nanotechnology tools can be classified as current strategies of interest that allow the increase and protection of bioefficacy to a greater extent than traditional biopesticide preparations. This review constitutes an important contribution to future research and expands the panorama in relation to biopesticide formulations for the control of agricultural pests.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

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6.

Saubin, Méline; Louet, Clémentine; Bousset, Lydia; Fabre, Frédéric; Frey, Pascal; Fudal, Isabelle; Grognard, Frédéric; Hamelin, Frédéric; Mailleret, Ludovic; Stoeckel, Solenn; Touzeau, Suzanne; Petre, Benjamin; Halkett, Fabien

Improving sustainable crop protection using population genetics concepts Journal Article

In: Molecular Ecology, no. 0, pp. 1-11, 2022.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@article{Saubin2022,

title = {Improving sustainable crop protection using population genetics concepts},

author = {Méline Saubin and Clémentine Louet and Lydia Bousset and Frédéric Fabre and Pascal Frey and Isabelle Fudal and Frédéric Grognard and Frédéric Hamelin and Ludovic Mailleret and Solenn Stoeckel and Suzanne Touzeau and Benjamin Petre and Fabien Halkett},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.16634},

doi = {/10.1111/mec.16634},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-30},

urldate = {2022-07-30},

journal = {Molecular Ecology},

number = {0},

pages = {1-11},

abstract = {Growing genetically resistant plants allows pathogen populations to be controlled and reduces the use of pesticides. However, pathogens can quickly overcome such resistance. In this context, how can we achieve sustainable crop protection? This crucial question has remained largely unanswered despite decades of intense debate and research effort. In this study, we used a bibliographic analysis to show that the research field of resistance durability has evolved into three subfields: (1) “plant breeding” (generating new genetic material), (2) “molecular interactions” (exploring the molecular dialogue governing plant–pathogen interactions) and (3) “epidemiology and evolution” (explaining and forecasting of pathogen population dynamics resulting from selection pressure[s] exerted by resistant plants). We argue that this triple split of the field impedes integrated research progress and ultimately compromises the sustainable management of genetic resistance. After identifying a gap among the three subfields, we argue that the theoretical framework of population genetics could bridge this gap. Indeed, population genetics formally explains the evolution of all heritable traits, and allows genetic changes to be tracked along with variation in population dynamics. This provides an integrated view of pathogen adaptation, in particular via evolutionary–epidemiological feedbacks. In this Opinion Note, we detail examples illustrating how such a framework can better inform best practices for developing and managing genetically resistant cultivars.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

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7.

Boudebbouz, Ali; Boudalia, Sofiane; Boussadia, Meriem Imen; Gueroui, Yassine; Habila, Safia; Bousbia, Aissam; Symeon, George K.

Pesticide residues levels in raw cow's milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review Journal Article

In: Environmental Advances, vol. 9, pp. 100266, 2022, ISSN: 2666-7657.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@article{Boudebbouz2022,

title = {Pesticide residues levels in raw cow's milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review},

author = {Ali Boudebbouz and Sofiane Boudalia and Meriem Imen Boussadia and Yassine Gueroui and Safia Habila and Aissam Bousbia and George K. Symeon},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722001016},

doi = {10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100266},

issn = {2666-7657},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-14},

urldate = {2022-07-14},

journal = {Environmental Advances},

volume = {9},

pages = {100266},

abstract = {Milk is a widely consumed food rich in macro- and micronutrients that play an important role in health preservation. While it affects positively human nutrient and energy uptake, the presence of pesticide residues could, however, counterbalance these benefits and negatively affect human health. This systematic review provides an overview of studies on pesticide residues during the last decade and the related human health risk assessment. Thirty-five original articles published since 2010 reporting the levels of pesticide residues in raw cow's milk in 69 regions from 15 countries were reviewed. Data showed that pesticide residue levels were ranked as, DDTs> permethrin> bifenthrin> Drins> endrin> endosulfan> HCHs> cyhalothrin> cypermethrin> heptachlor> ethion> coumaphos> deltamethrin> dimethoate, chlorpyriphos> profenofos> malathion> dichlorvos> parathion methyl> carbaryl> aldicarb> carbofuran> methamidophos. High geographic variation was observed, and many regions appear as contaminated zones with high risks such as Punjab in Pakistan (× 3080 > MRL and × 113 > MRL for Cypermethrin and Drins, respectively), Sand Pedro in Columbia (× 1090 > MRL and × 200 > MRL for endrin and Drins, respectively), and Gezira State in Sudan (× 109 > MRL DDTs). The risk assessment for humans indicated that HQ Drins values were > 1 in Columbia (Sucre, Casa Azul, San Pedro, Costanera, Sabanas, Sinú Medio, and San Jorge regions), and in Pakistan (Punjab region). Moreover, the HQ values for endrin were > 1 in Sinú Medio (Colombia) and for heptachlor in Costanera region, Sinú Medio, and Sabanas (Colombia). Furthermore, HI values were > 1 in seven regions in Colombia, 1 region in Pakistan, 1 region in Egypt and 1 region in Turkey, suggesting a serious health risk. In conclusion, to avoid cow's milk contamination by pesticides, it is necessary to develop eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and promote integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close

8.

Boudebbouz, Ali; Boudalia, Sofiane; Boussadia, Meriem Imen; Gueroui, Yassine; Habila, Safia; Bousbia, Aissam; Symeon, George K.

Pesticide residues levels in raw cow’s milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review Journal Article

In: Environmental Advances, 2022.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@article{Boudebbouz2022b,

title = {Pesticide residues levels in raw cow’s milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review},

author = {Ali Boudebbouz and Sofiane Boudalia and Meriem Imen Boussadia and Yassine Gueroui and Safia Habila and Aissam Bousbia and George K. Symeon},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sofiane-Boudalia/publication/362005925_Pesticide_residues_levels_in_raw_cow%27s_milk_and_health_risk_assessment_across_the_globe_a_systematic_review/links/62d697eb0d4ccd1b31d3cdbd/Pesticide-residues-levels-in-raw-cows-milk-and-health-risk-assessment-across-the-globe-A-systematic-review.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-14},

journal = {Environmental Advances},

abstract = {Milk is a widely consumed food rich in macro- and micronutrients that play an important role in health preservation. While it affects positively human nutrient and energy uptake, the presence of pesticide residues could, however, counterbalance these benefits and negatively affect human health. This systematic review provides an overview of studies on pesticide residues during the last decade and the related human health risk assessment.

Thirty-five original articles published since 2010 reporting the levels of pesticide residues in raw cow’s milk in 69 regions from 15 countries were reviewed. Data showed that pesticide residue levels were ranked as, DDTs> permethrin> bifenthrin> Drins> endrin> endosulfan> HCHs> cyhalothrin> cypermethrin> heptachlor> ethion> coumaphos> deltamethrin> dimethoate, chlorpyriphos> profenofos> malathion> dichlorvos> parathion methyl> carbaryl> aldicarb> carbofuran> methamidophos. High geographic variation was observed, and many regions appear as contaminated zones with high risks such as Punjab in Pakistan (× 3080 > MRL and × 113 > MRL for Cypermethrin and Drins, respectively), Sand Pedro in Columbia (× 1090 > MRL and × 200 >

MRL for endrin and Drins, respectively), and Gezira State in Sudan (× 109 > MRL DDTs). The risk assessment for humans indicated that HQ Drins values were > 1 in Columbia (Sucre, Casa Azul, San Pedro, Costanera, Sabanas, Sinú Medio, and San Jorge regions), and in Pakistan (Punjab region). Moreover, the HQ values for endrin were > 1 in Sinú Medio (Colombia) and for heptachlor in Costanera region, Sinú Medio, and Sabanas (Colombia).

Furthermore, HI values were > 1 in seven regions in Colombia, 1 region in Pakistan, 1 region in Egypt and 1 region in Turkey, suggesting a serious health risk. In conclusion, to avoid cow’s milk contamination by pesticides, it is necessary to develop eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and promote integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close

9.

Copty, Nadim; Kazezyılmaz-Alhan, Cevza Melek

IWA 4th Regional Conference on Diffuse Pollution & Eutrophication Proceedings Article

In: International Water Association İstanbul, Türkiye, 2022, ISBN: 978-605-7880-13-0.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@inproceedings{Copty2022,

title = {IWA 4th Regional Conference on Diffuse Pollution & Eutrophication},

author = {Nadim Copty and Cevza Melek Kazezyılmaz-Alhan},

url = {https://iwadipcon2022.org/},

isbn = {978-605-7880-13-0},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-24},

address = {İstanbul, Türkiye},

organization = {International Water Association},

abstract = {We are pleased to present the Proceeding book of the 4th IWA Regional Conference on Diffuse Pollution & Eutrophication (DIPCON) that was held in Istanbul, Türkiye from October 24-28, 2022. From widespread pesticide use to heavy metal emissions from vehicular transport to microplastic release into the environment, diffuse pollution has become a major threat to the environment. Widespread soil pollution and eutrophication of water bodies across all continents and their impacts on living organisms and human health are a stark manifestation of the challenges we face. Anticipated climate change is likely to exacerbate the risk to the water resources of numerous regions of the world. Addressing these challenges requires a concerted holistic approach by stakeholders including scientists, engineers, hydrologists, policy makers, NGOs, and water regulators, and awareness and participation on the part of the general public. The purpose of this conference was to bring together these various perspectives thereby contributing to the scientific debate towards alleviating these adverse environmental effects.

DIPCON 2022 was held in Istanbul, Türkiye with more than 120 participants from more than 21 countries. The city of Istanbul, a welcoming vibrant megacity with a magnificent history and natural beauty, is the ideal place to host this meeting. Joining two continents with shores on three different seas, the city underscores the need to protect the environment we live in for the benefit of all.



The conference papers are organized into 13 sessions designed to address the latest technologies and approaches to alleviate the impacts of diffusion pollution on the Environment:

- Reservoir and Surface Water Bodies

- Soil Contamination

- Groundwater Hydrology and Quality

- Emerging Pollutants

- Urban/Industrial Water

- Ecological Protection and Restoration

- Extreme Hydrological Events

- Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

- Nexus Approach

- Integrated Watershed Management

- Nature-Based Solutions and Implementation

- Wetland Construction and Managements

- Monitoring and Modeling

Participants at the DIPCON 2022 conference elucidated on the threat of diffuse pollution to surface water bodies, groundwater and soil environments and the latest strategies and technologies for environmental protection and restoration to address these threats. The adverse effects of extreme hydrological effects and projected climate change and the need to develop adaptation and mitigation strategies were highlighted. Recognizing the confluence of water, food and energy needs, along with the imperative to maintain ecological services, participants underlined the necessity to implement a Nexus approach and integrated water management plans that involve the active participation of all stakeholders. It is evident that societies need to resort to nature based solutions that balance the need for economic growth and food security with ecological protection. Speakers highlighted the need to utilize the latest technologies to develop models and monitoring tools at all scales for the sustainable use of available resources and the development of informed science-based policies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

Close

We are pleased to present the Proceeding book of the 4th IWA Regional Conference on Diffuse Pollution & Eutrophication (DIPCON) that was held in Istanbul, Türkiye from October 24-28, 2022. From widespread pesticide use to heavy metal emissions from vehicular transport to microplastic release into the environment, diffuse pollution has become a major threat to the environment. Widespread soil pollution and eutrophication of water bodies across all continents and their impacts on living organisms and human health are a stark manifestation of the challenges we face. Anticipated climate change is likely to exacerbate the risk to the water resources of numerous regions of the world. Addressing these challenges requires a concerted holistic approach by stakeholders including scientists, engineers, hydrologists, policy makers, NGOs, and water regulators, and awareness and participation on the part of the general public. The purpose of this conference was to bring together these various perspectives thereby contributing to the scientific debate towards alleviating these adverse environmental effects.
DIPCON 2022 was held in Istanbul, Türkiye with more than 120 participants from more than 21 countries. The city of Istanbul, a welcoming vibrant megacity with a magnificent history and natural beauty, is the ideal place to host this meeting. Joining two continents with shores on three different seas, the city underscores the need to protect the environment we live in for the benefit of all.

The conference papers are organized into 13 sessions designed to address the latest technologies and approaches to alleviate the impacts of diffusion pollution on the Environment:
- Reservoir and Surface Water Bodies
- Soil Contamination
- Groundwater Hydrology and Quality
- Emerging Pollutants
- Urban/Industrial Water
- Ecological Protection and Restoration
- Extreme Hydrological Events
- Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
- Nexus Approach
- Integrated Watershed Management
- Nature-Based Solutions and Implementation
- Wetland Construction and Managements
- Monitoring and Modeling
Participants at the DIPCON 2022 conference elucidated on the threat of diffuse pollution to surface water bodies, groundwater and soil environments and the latest strategies and technologies for environmental protection and restoration to address these threats. The adverse effects of extreme hydrological effects and projected climate change and the need to develop adaptation and mitigation strategies were highlighted. Recognizing the confluence of water, food and energy needs, along with the imperative to maintain ecological services, participants underlined the necessity to implement a Nexus approach and integrated water management plans that involve the active participation of all stakeholders. It is evident that societies need to resort to nature based solutions that balance the need for economic growth and food security with ecological protection. Speakers highlighted the need to utilize the latest technologies to develop models and monitoring tools at all scales for the sustainable use of available resources and the development of informed science-based policies.

Close

10.

Bareille, François

Agricultural management of ecosystem services: insights from production and environmental economics PhD Thesis

Université Bretagne Loire, 2018, (HAL Id : tel-02790452 , version 1).

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@phdthesis{Bareille2018,

title = {Agricultural management of ecosystem services: insights from production and environmental economics},

author = {François Bareille},

url = {https://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE050.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-15},

urldate = {2018-11-15},

school = {Université Bretagne Loire},

abstract = {The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services. The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous. In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand  for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.},

note = {HAL Id : tel-02790452 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

Close

The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services. The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous. In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.

Close

11.

Prost, Magali; Prost, Lorène; Cerf, Marianne

Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ? Journal Article

In: Raisons éducatives, no. 1, pp. 129-154, 2017.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

@article{prost2017echanges,

title = {Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ?},

author = {Magali Prost and Lorène Prost and Marianne Cerf},

url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-raisons-educatives-2017-1-page-129.htm},

doi = {10.3917/raised.021.0129},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Raisons éducatives},

number = {1},

pages = {129-154},

publisher = {Université de Genève},

abstract = {Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close

Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.

Close

12.

Turenne, Nicolas; Andro, Mathieu; Corbière, Roselyne; Phan, Tien T

Open data platform for knowledge access in plant health domain: VESPA Mining Miscellaneous

2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Links:

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