2023
Journal Articles
Rikap, Cecilia
Intellectual monopolies as a new pattern of innovation and technological regime Journal Article
In: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2023.
@article{Rikap2023b,
title = {Intellectual monopolies as a new pattern of innovation and technological regime},
author = {Cecilia Rikap},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/icc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icc/dtad077/7462137},
doi = {/10.1093/icc/dtad077},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-12-07},
journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change},
abstract = {Building on Schumpeter Mark I and Mark II, I propose an additional pattern of innovation and technological regime called the intellectual monopoly (IM) to explain the co-habitation of large incumbent firms with high entry and exit rates and provide evidence for pharmaceuticals and information technologies. I associate the IM pattern and technological regime with corporate innovation systems and illustrate that patterns not only evolve after changes in technological regimes but also due to economic, political, and institutional transformations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Green, Brandon; Pécoud, Antoine
Talking about Migration in Times of Crisis: A Textual Analysis of Narratives by IOM and UNHCR on Migrants and Refugees Journal Article
In: American Behavioral Scientist, 2023, ISSN: 0002-7642.
@article{Green2023,
title = {Talking about Migration in Times of Crisis: A Textual Analysis of Narratives by IOM and UNHCR on Migrants and Refugees},
author = {Brandon Green and Antoine Pécoud},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00027642231182899},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642231182899},
issn = {0002-7642},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-24},
urldate = {2023-06-24},
journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
publisher = {SAGE Publications},
abstract = {In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of migration relies on normative narratives produced by UN agencies and other intergovernmental forums, in line with the discursive legitimacy traditionally associated with international organizations. Such narratives impact migrants, asylum-seekers, and refugees because they support certain policy frameworks among member states. Yet, global migration governance remains fragmented, especially as far as the long-standing divide between the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is concerned. This article contributes to this discussion by applying corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to the narratives produced by these two organizations. The article identifies some of the dominant worldviews in the narratives of IOM and UNHCR. Results show that IOM and UNHCR have distinct worldviews, associated with different textual patterns, and that, while IOM’s textual productions seem to influence UNHCR’s discourses, the opposite is less true. This would support the view that IOM is currently the leading actor in terms of framing migration, thereby exerting a strong influence on global migration governance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2022
Journal Articles
Crépel, Maxime; Cardon, Dominique
Robots vs algorithmes. Prophétie et critique dans la représentation médiatique des controverses de l’IA. Journal Article
In: Réseaux, vol. 2022/2-3, iss. 232-233, pp. 129-167, 2022.
@article{Crépel2022,
title = {Robots vs algorithmes. Prophétie et critique dans la représentation médiatique des controverses de l’IA.},
author = {Maxime Crépel and Dominique Cardon},
url = {https://medialab.github.io/carnet-algopresse/#/publication/fr/},
doi = {10.3917/res.232.0129},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-02},
urldate = {2022-06-02},
journal = {Réseaux},
volume = {2022/2-3},
issue = {232-233},
pages = {129-167},
abstract = {Signée par Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Steve Wozniak et Noam Chomsky, une lettre ouverte publiée en 2015 alerte sur les risques existentiels auxquels l’humanité doit faire face en raison des nouveaux développements de l’IA. Elle constitue un moment clé de la réactivation d’un ensemble de ressources narratives et normatives visant à porter sur la place publique un débat critique relatif aux progrès de l’IA. Par vagues successives, les promesses et les risques de l’intelligence artificielle sont venus occuper de façon spectaculaire la discussion publique. À partir de méthode de TAL appliquée à un large corpus de la presse anglo-saxonne, cet article montre que le thème des algorithmes et de l’IA occupe un espace croissant dans la sphère médiatique depuis 5 ans. Le corpus se structure autour de deux espaces sémantiques qui constituent deux régimes dominants de critique, l’un fondé sur les injustices produites par les algorithmes et l’autre sur les peurs de l’autonomie de l’IA et des robots. L’analyse comparée de ces espaces montre qu’ils mobilisent des agents technologiques et humains, des troubles et une temporalité distincts. En développant un discours critique sur les méfaits de ces technologies, la sphère médiatique contribue à forger l’opinion publique mais aussi à définir les formes d’acceptabilité de ces agents calculateurs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Technical Reports
Green, Brandon; Pécoud, Antoine
How does the UN talk about human mobility? A textual analysis of narratives by IOM and UNHCR on migrants and refugees Technical Report
2022, ISBN: 1929-9915.
@techreport{Green2022,
title = {How does the UN talk about human mobility? A textual analysis of narratives by IOM and UNHCR on migrants and refugees},
author = {Brandon Green and Antoine Pécoud},
editor = {Anna Triandafyllidou and Usha George},
url = {https://www.torontomu.ca/content/dam/centre-for-immigration-and-settlement/tmcis/publications/workingpapers/2022_7_Green_Brandon_Pecoud_Antoine_How_does_the_UN_talk_about_human_mobility_A_textual_analysis_of_narratives_by_IOM_and_UNHCR_on_migrants_and_refugees.pdf},
isbn = {1929-9915},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
urldate = {2022-10-01},
issuetitle = {Working Papers Series},
issue = {7},
abstract = {In the absence of a binding and coherent international migration regime, the global governance of migration relies on normative narratives produced by UN agencies and other intergovernmental processes, in line with the discursive legitimacy traditionally associated with international organizations. Such narratives impact migrants, asylum-seekers and refugees because they support certain policy frameworks among member states. Yet, global migration governance remains fragmented, especially as far as the long-standing divide between the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is concerned. This article contributes to this discussion by applying Corpus- Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis to the narratives produced by these two organizations. The article identifies some of the dominant worldviews in the narratives of IOM and UNHCR. Results show that IOM and UNHCR have distinct worldviews, associated with different textual patterns, and that, while IOM’s textual productions seem to influence UNHCR’s discourses, the opposite is less true. This would support the view that IOM is currently the leading actor in terms of framing migration, thereby exerting a strong influence on global migration governance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
2021
Journal Articles
Tancoigne, Elise
Régimes de sélection microbienne : le cas du microbe laitier (France, 1970-1999) Journal Article
In: Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances, vol. 15-3, 2021, ISSN: 1760-5393.
@article{nokey,
title = {Régimes de sélection microbienne : le cas du microbe laitier (France, 1970-1999)},
author = {Elise Tancoigne},
url = {https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_298D4DC1463F.P001/REF
https://journals.openedition.org/rac/25075},
issn = {1760-5393},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
urldate = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances},
volume = {15-3},
school = {UNIL},
abstract = {La reconnaissance de la perte de biodiversité « sauvage » comme un problème public, c’est-à-dire un problème relevant du champ de l’action publique, relève d’une histoire décrite comme principalement internationale et scientifique (Mauz & Granjou, 2010).
Cette histoire met en scène des lanceurs d’alerte académiques actifs dans les années 1970 et 1980, qui parviennent à transformer ce problème initialement scientifique en un problème politique pris en charge dans des espaces de négociation internationaux. À contrario, la reconnaissance de la perte de biodiversité spécifiquement agricole est généralement décrite comme prenant naissance beaucoup plus tôt, au début du XXe siècle, en lien étroit non pas avec l’activité de scientifiques entrepreneurs mais avec des changements importants de régimes de sélection des espèces végétales et animales (Allaire et al., 2018 ; Bonneuil, 2019), qui définissent les modalités de gestion, d’accès et de transformation de ces ressources.
Ces récits ont tous pour point commun de s’intéresser à la mise en politique d’une partie seulement de la biodiversité, à savoir la biodiversité animale ou végétale. Ils laissent ainsi dans l’ombre la mise en politique de la biodiversité des microorganismes, qui représentent pourtant la biomasse la plus importante après les plantes (Bar-Onet al., 2018) et sont tout autant insérés que plantes ou animaux domestiques dans de multiples économies marchandes. Bactéries, levures et moisissures domestiques jouent en effet un rôle important dans toutes les sphères de la vie humaine, que ce soit dans la production d’aliments fermentés comme le pain, le vin ou le fromage, dans la production de composés pharmaceutiques et industriels ou encore dans la restauration des sols. Jusqu’à présent, ce sont principalement les régimes de régulation des microbes pathogènes qui ont été étudiés, par exemple à travers l’histoire de la microbiologie médicale (Löwy, 2015), l’analyse de dispositifs de contrôle des maladies infectieuses (Newsom Kerr, 2017) ou de réseaux de surveillance épidémiologique (Fortané, 2015).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cette histoire met en scène des lanceurs d’alerte académiques actifs dans les années 1970 et 1980, qui parviennent à transformer ce problème initialement scientifique en un problème politique pris en charge dans des espaces de négociation internationaux. À contrario, la reconnaissance de la perte de biodiversité spécifiquement agricole est généralement décrite comme prenant naissance beaucoup plus tôt, au début du XXe siècle, en lien étroit non pas avec l’activité de scientifiques entrepreneurs mais avec des changements importants de régimes de sélection des espèces végétales et animales (Allaire et al., 2018 ; Bonneuil, 2019), qui définissent les modalités de gestion, d’accès et de transformation de ces ressources.
Ces récits ont tous pour point commun de s’intéresser à la mise en politique d’une partie seulement de la biodiversité, à savoir la biodiversité animale ou végétale. Ils laissent ainsi dans l’ombre la mise en politique de la biodiversité des microorganismes, qui représentent pourtant la biomasse la plus importante après les plantes (Bar-Onet al., 2018) et sont tout autant insérés que plantes ou animaux domestiques dans de multiples économies marchandes. Bactéries, levures et moisissures domestiques jouent en effet un rôle important dans toutes les sphères de la vie humaine, que ce soit dans la production d’aliments fermentés comme le pain, le vin ou le fromage, dans la production de composés pharmaceutiques et industriels ou encore dans la restauration des sols. Jusqu’à présent, ce sont principalement les régimes de régulation des microbes pathogènes qui ont été étudiés, par exemple à travers l’histoire de la microbiologie médicale (Löwy, 2015), l’analyse de dispositifs de contrôle des maladies infectieuses (Newsom Kerr, 2017) ou de réseaux de surveillance épidémiologique (Fortané, 2015).
Proceedings Articles
Crépel, Maxime; Do, Salomé; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cardon, Dominique; Bouachera, Yannis
Mapping AI Issues in Media Through NLP Methods Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Humanities Research 2021, pp. 77-91, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2021.
@inproceedings{Crépel2021,
title = {Mapping AI Issues in Media Through NLP Methods},
author = {Maxime Crépel and Salomé Do and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Dominique Cardon and Yannis Bouachera},
url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2989/long_paper22.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-19},
urldate = {2021-11-19},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Humanities Research 2021},
pages = {77-91},
publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
address = {Amsterdam, the Netherlands},
series = {Computational Humanities Research 2021},
abstract = {Using a variety of NLP methods on a corpus of press articles, we show that there are two dominant regimes of criticism of artificial intelligence that coexist within the media sphere. Combining text classification algorithms to detect critical articles and a topological analysis of the terms extracted from the corpus, we reveal two semantic spaces, involving different technological and human entities, but also distinct temporality and issues. On the one hand, the algorithms that shape our daily computing environments are associated with a critical discourse on bias, discrimination, surveillance, censorship and amplification phenomena in the spread of inappropriate content. On the other hand, robots and AI, which refer to autonomous and embodied technical entities, are associated with a prophetic discourse alerting us to our ability to control these agents that simulate or exceed our physical and cognitive capacities and threaten our physical security or our economic mode.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
PhD Theses
Blank-Gomel, Rony
Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective PhD Thesis
McGill University, 2021.
@phdthesis{Blank-Gomel2021,
title = {Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective},
author = { Rony Blank-Gomel},
url = {https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/vt150p658},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-19},
address = {Montréal},
school = {McGill University},
abstract = {Traffic accidents generate a heavy burden in deaths, bodily harm and monetary costs, and there are growing concerns regarding the unintended consequences of traffic safety policies. Yet, they are marginal in the sociological literature. Drawing on the sociology of knowledge, I explore the construction and spread of truth claims regarding traffic accidents and traffic safety, focusing on accounts of the risks of cycling and specifically the role of bicycle helmets. I use this case to contribute to several sociological debates.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.
2020
PhD Theses
Stephens, Raphaël
Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien. PhD Thesis
Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020.
@phdthesis{Stephens2020,
title = {Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien.},
author = {Raphaël Stephens},
url = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02889441},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
school = {Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France},
abstract = {Le système alimentaire peut-il changer ? Critiques à l’égard du régime dominant la provision, des phénomènes alternatifs proposent, depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, d’améliorer la durabilité, la qualité et la transparence de la provision alimentaire en raccourcissant les liens entre producteurs et consommateurs. Les discours, les pratiques et les innovations de ces Alternative Food Networks (« AFN ») génèrent, à travers leurs multiples oppositions aux logiques du régime de provision alimentaire industriel, des frictions chez celui-ci. A l’aune de l’essor spectaculaire d’une variété assez hétéroclite d’AFN ces dernières années, ce régime développe crescendo des questionnements et des prises sur l’alimentation locale. La théorisation de ces frictions peut bénéficier avantageusement de l'approche multi-niveaux (Multi Level Perspective, ou « MLP »), cadre théorique et méthodologique de recherche en étude des transitions qui permet une lecture évolutionniste des régimes sociotechniques, notamment dans leurs rapports avec les niches d’innovations alternatives. Avec l’appui d’analyses sociohistoriques robustes et un travail de terrain, il est alors possible de réfléchir les modalités d’une transition du régime de provision alimentaire par le raccourcissement des relations entre producteurs et mangeurs.La thèse propose alors deux focales d’analyse : le régime de provision alimentaire ; et les réseaux alimentaires alternatifs. Elle fait appel à une méthodologie composite adressant des données de natures hétérogènes tirées de terrains distribués : analyse discursive par lexicométrie, analyse de traces numériques, étude d’agencements institutionnels, entretiens approfondis, observations de type ethnographique. A la recherche d’une théorisation de moyenne portée, la thèse cible, dans leurs questionnements locaux, des acteurs-clés représentatifs de plusieurs compétences du régime de provision : distribution ; filière fruits et légumes ; salons alimentaires. Les objets alternatifs étudiés rendent compte d’une multiplicité de formes d’existence. Parce-que ces alternatives sont partiellement imbriquées avec certains dispositifs du régime dominant, cela conduit la thèse vers l’étude approfondie de l’une d’entre elles, très particulière du fait :(i) de son architecture se trouvant à la croisée des alternatives alimentaires et de réseaux numériques-matériels portés par des plateformes technologiques, et (ii) d’une qualité de données assez inédite.A partir de cette approche empirique distribuée, la thèse contribue à la caractérisation d’une transition vers un régime de provision numérique-matériel axé sur la prosumption par customisation transparente. Présentant la fin des années 2000 comme point d’inflexion du régime, la conjonction d’une crise de modèle de provision avec l’explosion du numérique accompagné d'un foisonnement continu de revendications et de pratiques alternatives, semblent en mesure d’accélérer un chemin de transition par reconfiguration du régime. Les prémices de cette reconfiguration se manifestent à travers de multiples évolutions discursives observées au sein du régime, ainsi que dans l’incorporation et l’agencement, en son sein, de phénomènes alternatifs qui participent crescendo à la caractérisation de nouvelles priorités qui redéfinissent les spécifications des aliments, les pratiques de provision, et les flux de provision. La valeur accrue de produits alimentaires enrichis de nouvelles spécifications alternatives véhiculées au travers de nouvelles proximités virtuelles et matérielles intiment ainsi au régime des interrogations sur le potentiel que présente le raccourcissement. Effectuant une confluence de trois champs d’études (transitions ; alternatives alimentaires ; prosumption) relativement peu liés jusque lors, la thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives de recherche sur les capacités de tels marchés raccourcis à capter l’attention de prosumers alimentaires eux-aussi en plein essor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
2019
PhD Theses
Milia, Matías Federico
Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016. PhD Thesis
Flacso, México, 2019, (ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373).
@phdthesis{Milia2019,
title = {Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016.},
author = {Matías Federico Milia},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350358514_Global_trends_local_threads_The_Thematic_Orientation_of_Renewable_Energy_Research_in_Mexico_and_Argentina_between_1992_and_2016
},
doi = {/10.5530/jscires.10.1.x},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-01},
urldate = {2019-09-01},
school = {Flacso, México},
abstract = {Scientific research has been thought of as a major tool to face the great challenges of our time. By stressing the role of concepts as governance technologies that mediate between science and society, this thesis builds on the emergence and consolidation of a research area around the concept of Renewable Energies. It focuses on the time span that goes from 1992 to 2016, a 26-year period where a climate governance scheme has emerged and given a global relevance to the quest for new forms of energy. Building on the analysis of scientific literature, it takes special attention to the different ways researchers all over the world have interpreted this same concept. It highlights two national cases, namely Argentina and México, stressing how these two Latin-American countries have inserted themselves in a global scenario. At the same time, it takes special attention to the national specificities of their own enterprises. Using methods from computational social sciences, it analyses the ways that social relevance has been constructed on parliamentary debates and national press. This work shows how different thematic clusters develop around the concept of renewables and how they evolve over time and take mainly national particularities. It builds conclusions from a theoretical and methodological point of view by problematizing the current knowledge production regime, its growing strategic bias and the ways that new knowledge production frames can be thought of when facing future-oriented questions.},
note = {ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
2016
Journal Articles
Leblond, Nelly; Trottier, Julie
Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 21-40, 2016.
@article{leblond2016performing,
title = {Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders},
author = {Nelly Leblond and Julie Trottier},
url = {http://www.redgtd.org/CENTRODOC/BD_ARCHIVOS/02_Leblond&Trottier_Global_Models_Food_Regimes&Smallholders_2016.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {21-40},
abstract = {The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2015
PhD Theses
Gayoso, Emile
Coproduire le nouveau. Sociologie des plateformes de co-innovation PhD Thesis
2015, (Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Flichy, Patrice Sociologie Paris Est 2015).
@phdthesis{Gayoso2015,
title = {Coproduire le nouveau. Sociologie des plateformes de co-innovation},
author = {Emile Gayoso},
url = {https://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0055},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-04},
abstract = {Les plateformes de co-innovation sont des dispositifs en ligne que les entreprises ont commencé à développer au milieu de la décennie 2000, dans le sillage du Web 2.0, afin d’intégrer les consommateurs au processus d’innovation. Présentées comme de nouveaux espaces ouverts et collaboratifs, entièrement dédiés à la coopération avec les internautes, ces démarches participatives suscitent l’engouement des gestionnaires et des cabinets de conseil spécialisés dans l’innovation. Pourtant, rares sont les études portant sur la co-innovation qui aient consacré une enquête de terrain aux dispositifs mis en place et aux formes de collaborations qu’ils accueillent. La sociologie, en particulier, s’est notablement désintéressée — au profit des sciences de gestion — des initiatives de co-innovation impliquant de grandes entreprises et a fait porter l’essentiel de ses analyses sur des cas d’innovation ascendante, sur le mouvement du logiciel libre ou sur de petites structures de nature entrepreneuriale. Cette thèse, en prenant pour objet six plateformes mises en place par des très grandes entreprises françaises et étasunienne dans les secteurs des télécommunications, du transport de voyageurs et du matériel informatique, vise à combler ce manque.Au-delà de cette ambition qui tente de restituer la légitimité d’un objet de recherche au sein d’un champ disciplinaire, cette thèse tisse une réflexion autour de trois problèmes fondamentaux : pourquoi et comment les entreprises associent-elles les usagers à leur processus d’innovation ? Pourquoi et comment les usagers collaborent-ils, le plus souvent de façon bénévole ? De quelles nouvelles formes de collaboration, voire de relation, entre l’individu et l’entreprise ces dispositifs sociotechniques sont-ils porteurs ?Nous apportons des réponses à ces questions en mobilisant les outils combinés de la théorie du cadre de référence de Flichy, de la théorie des régimes d’engagement développée par Thévenot et poursuivie par Auray, et enfin des concepts standards de l’analyse de réseaux. Sur le plan empirique, cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée depuis 2010 auprès des acteurs de ces plateformes, au cours de laquelle nous avons adopté une méthode quali-quantitative articulant 44 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs des plateformes (usagers mais aussi responsables de plateformes, chefs de produits, community managers), observations en ligne et analyse de réseaux des collaborations qui se nouent autour des dispositifs.},
note = {Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Flichy, Patrice Sociologie Paris Est 2015},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
2013
Journal Articles
Keating, Peter; Cambrosio, Alberto; Nelson, Nicole; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Therapy’s shadow: a short history of the study of resistance to cancer chemotherapy Journal Article
In: Frontiers in pharmacology, vol. 4, pp. 58, 2013.
@article{keating2013therapy,
title = {Therapy’s shadow: a short history of the study of resistance to cancer chemotherapy},
author = {Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio and Nicole Nelson and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00058},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2013.00058},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {4},
pages = {58},
publisher = {Frontiers},
abstract = {This article traces the history of research on resistance to drug therapy in oncology using scientometric techniques and qualitative analysis. Using co-citation analysis, we generate maps to visualize subdomains in resistance research in two time periods, 1975–1990 and 1995–2010. These maps reveal two historical trends in resistance research: first, a shift in focus from generic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy to a focus on resistance to targeted therapies and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis; and second, a movement away from an almost exclusive reliance on animal and cell models and toward the generation of knowledge about resistance through clinical trial work. A close reading of highly cited articles within each subdomain cluster reveals specific points of transition from one regime to the other, in particular the failure of several promising theories of resistance to be translated into clinical insights and the emergence of interest in resistance to a new generation of targeted agents such as imatinib and trastuzumab. We argue that the study of resistance in the oncology field has thus become more integrated with research into cancer therapy – rather than constituting it as a separate domain of study, as it has done in the past, contemporary research treats resistance as the flip side to treatment, as therapy’s shadow.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2010
Conferences
Tari, Thomas; Caron, Pauline; Breucker, Philippe; Barbier, Marc
Characterising the Localisation of Projects Collaborations in Research Dynamics: methodological requirements and results for new visualisations of heterogeneous networks Conference
2010, (ENID 2010 - Methods and techniques for the exploitation of heterogeneous data sources).
@conference{Tari2010,
title = {Characterising the Localisation of Projects Collaborations in Research Dynamics: methodological requirements and results for new visualisations of heterogeneous networks},
author = {Thomas Tari and Pauline Caron and Philippe Breucker and Marc Barbier},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262494844_Characterising_the_Localisation_of_Projects_Collaborations_in_Research_Dynamics_methodological_requirements_and_results_for_new_visualisations_of_heterogeneous_networks
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philippe-Breucker/publication/262494844_Characterising_the_Localisation_of_Projects_Collaborations_in_Research_Dynamics_methodological_requirements_and_results_for_new_visualisations_of_heterogeneous_networks/links/00b49537de9a036323000000/Characterising-the-Localisation-of-Projects-Collaborations-in-Research-Dynamics-methodological-requirements-and-results-for-new-visualisations-of-heterogeneous-networks.pdf},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
abstract = {This communication proposes to discuss the construction of methodological requirements on databases building and software development, and aspires to show some concrete results in visualising heterogeneous networks of research dynamics considered through projects ecology.
Our reflection is grounded in the growing needs, either for decision makers or researchers of the STS and SPS communities to relay their analysis of facts on a convenient visualisation of structural relationships between heterogeneous actants. Their configuration in dedicated databases is worthy to focus on as they reflect the endogenous dynamics of research and R&D activities. Our hypothesis is that the aims, perimeter, contents and selected projects of funding programmes represent a relevant account of the un‐going technological and scientific dynamic on the one hand, and a relevant account of the mobilization and choices of scientific communities and science policy “makers” on the other hand. Those configurations rely firmly on spatial‐based organizations, mixing European, national and regional scales in formal and informal clusters. Our perspective in the CorTexT Platform of IFRIS is to enrich the studies of sciences dynamics on customized databases of research and R&D projects that represent Dthrough territories performative associations of laboratories, scientific teams, R&D firms and lead‐users.
Without ignoring the existence of a large array of scientific perspectives in Information Sciences about the measurement of science productions and science dynamics, we situate our work in the branch of analysis and visualisation of social networks. This field as well as indicators are central for evaluation and policy of science (Callon et al., 1986; Law et al., 1988). At present, the evolution of the analysis of scientific networks is largely attached to the question of characterizing collaborative and cognitive dynamics of knowledge production (Powell et al., 2005) and to the emergence of multi or trans‐disciplinary emerging fields of research (Lucio‐Arias, Leydesdorff, 2007) or paradigmatic field of research (Chavalarias, Cointet, 2008). Tracing and mapping knowledge in scientific database or in other electronic sources still represents a huge field of problems for many disciplines dealing with information. More locally, in relation to specific area of research, mapping heterogeneous networks appears to help the understanding of social dynamic of research activities (Cambrosio, Keating, Mogoutov, 2004; Cambrosio et al., 2006; Bourret et al., 2006).
Using co‐word analysis tools (RéseauLu), we have already proposed a social study focused on regime of knowledge production in agricultural science and on the significance of sustainability (Barbier, Mogoutov et al., 2008). We identified two emergent yet lively research themes: biofuels and vegetal fibres, and realized specific bibliometrical studies on those subjects. We then devoted sociological studies based on heterogeneous sources to fibres (Caron et Barbier 2009) and biofuel & bioenergy research (Tari 2009). Bearing in mind this type of overall view on scientific knowledge we wanted to develop an approach on research projects in those domains.},
note = {ENID 2010 - Methods and techniques for the exploitation of heterogeneous data sources},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Our reflection is grounded in the growing needs, either for decision makers or researchers of the STS and SPS communities to relay their analysis of facts on a convenient visualisation of structural relationships between heterogeneous actants. Their configuration in dedicated databases is worthy to focus on as they reflect the endogenous dynamics of research and R&D activities. Our hypothesis is that the aims, perimeter, contents and selected projects of funding programmes represent a relevant account of the un‐going technological and scientific dynamic on the one hand, and a relevant account of the mobilization and choices of scientific communities and science policy “makers” on the other hand. Those configurations rely firmly on spatial‐based organizations, mixing European, national and regional scales in formal and informal clusters. Our perspective in the CorTexT Platform of IFRIS is to enrich the studies of sciences dynamics on customized databases of research and R&D projects that represent Dthrough territories performative associations of laboratories, scientific teams, R&D firms and lead‐users.
Without ignoring the existence of a large array of scientific perspectives in Information Sciences about the measurement of science productions and science dynamics, we situate our work in the branch of analysis and visualisation of social networks. This field as well as indicators are central for evaluation and policy of science (Callon et al., 1986; Law et al., 1988). At present, the evolution of the analysis of scientific networks is largely attached to the question of characterizing collaborative and cognitive dynamics of knowledge production (Powell et al., 2005) and to the emergence of multi or trans‐disciplinary emerging fields of research (Lucio‐Arias, Leydesdorff, 2007) or paradigmatic field of research (Chavalarias, Cointet, 2008). Tracing and mapping knowledge in scientific database or in other electronic sources still represents a huge field of problems for many disciplines dealing with information. More locally, in relation to specific area of research, mapping heterogeneous networks appears to help the understanding of social dynamic of research activities (Cambrosio, Keating, Mogoutov, 2004; Cambrosio et al., 2006; Bourret et al., 2006).
Using co‐word analysis tools (RéseauLu), we have already proposed a social study focused on regime of knowledge production in agricultural science and on the significance of sustainability (Barbier, Mogoutov et al., 2008). We identified two emergent yet lively research themes: biofuels and vegetal fibres, and realized specific bibliometrical studies on those subjects. We then devoted sociological studies based on heterogeneous sources to fibres (Caron et Barbier 2009) and biofuel & bioenergy research (Tari 2009). Bearing in mind this type of overall view on scientific knowledge we wanted to develop an approach on research projects in those domains.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorTexT Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 1050 authors to trust CorTexT for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorTexT Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
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