2021
Technical Reports
41.
Toffolini, Quentin
Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ». Technical Report
INRAE UMR Agronomie 2021.
@techreport{Toffolini2021,
title = { Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ».},
author = {Quentin Toffolini},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527/file/2021-05-11-analyse-semantique-IO-rapport-diff.pdf},
doi = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-16},
institution = {INRAE UMR Agronomie},
abstract = {Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation) },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
42.
Snapp, Sieglinde; Kebede, Yodit; Wollenberg, Lini; Dittmer, Kyle M.; Brickman, Sarah; Egler, Cecelia; Shelton, Sadie
Agroecology & climate change rapid evidence review: Performance of agroecological approaches in low- and middle- income countries. Technical Report
CGIAR 2021.
@techreport{SNAPP2021,
title = {Agroecology & climate change rapid evidence review: Performance of agroecological approaches in low- and middle- income countries. },
author = {Sieglinde Snapp and Yodit Kebede and Lini Wollenberg and Kyle M. Dittmer and Sarah Brickman and Cecelia Egler and Sadie Shelton},
editor = {Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)},
url = {https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/113487/CCAFS%20FCDO%20AE%20Review%202021.pdf?sequence=5},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-01},
urldate = {2021-04-01},
institution = {CGIAR},
abstract = {The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change adaptation was farm diversification (strong evidence and high agreement ). This included positive impacts of diversification on pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility. The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change mitigation was tropical agroforestry, which had associated sequestration of carbon in biomass and soil. In general, agroecology impacts on climate change mitigation were primarily substantial carbon sequestration benefits (medium evidence, high agreement). There was also evidence – primarily from the Global North – that mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is often associated with organic farming and ecological management of nutrients (medium evidence, medium agreement). However, a large data gap was found for agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, with almost no evidence from the Global South. There were also evidence gaps for agroecology approaches involving livestock integration, landscape-scale redesign and for multi-scalar analysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change adaptation was farm diversification (strong evidence and high agreement ). This included positive impacts of diversification on pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility. The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change mitigation was tropical agroforestry, which had associated sequestration of carbon in biomass and soil. In general, agroecology impacts on climate change mitigation were primarily substantial carbon sequestration benefits (medium evidence, high agreement). There was also evidence – primarily from the Global North – that mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is often associated with organic farming and ecological management of nutrients (medium evidence, medium agreement). However, a large data gap was found for agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, with almost no evidence from the Global South. There were also evidence gaps for agroecology approaches involving livestock integration, landscape-scale redesign and for multi-scalar analysis.
43.
Loconto, Allison; Garrido-Garza, Francisco
Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Loconto2021,
title = {Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers},
author = {Allison Loconto and Francisco Garrido-Garza},
url = {https://www.cortext.net/wp-content/uploads/agrikulti_final-report_25-01-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-25},
abstract = {Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
2020
Journal Articles
44.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
Mapping the research domains on work in agriculture. A bibliometric review from Scopus database Journal Article
In: Journal of Rural Studies, 2020, ISSN: 0743-0167.
@article{Malanski2020b,
title = {Mapping the research domains on work in agriculture. A bibliometric review from Scopus database},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016720311864},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.050},
issn = {0743-0167},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-27},
urldate = {2020-10-27},
journal = {Journal of Rural Studies},
abstract = {Near to half of world population lives in rural areas, and agriculture is responsible for 28% of global employment. Structural changes in agriculture impacting labor and the low attractivity of employment and working conditions in this sector are the major issues for the permanence and renewal of the rural workforce. Promoting decent work is essential to reach sustainable development. According to the ILO definition, decent work involves a wide range of conditions linked between them that include and go beyond farming work (e.g. gender equity, workplace security, fair income, among others). This complex situation requires for scientists the analysis of the diverse topics, as well as the development of interdisciplinary approaches to deal with this diversity. A review of the scientific literature is necessary to summarize the knowledge that has been produced and identify the current trends related to work in agriculture. In order to provide a background in this topic, the aim of this study was to review the state of the international literature related to work in agriculture, through a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in Scopus bibliographical database. Our findings show that USA, UK, France and China are the leaders in the scientific landscape according to: geographical production of knowledge, main journals and authors, and most-cited articles. The analysis of work in agriculture is declined in five main research domains: 1) social issues in rural areas; 2) labor market; 3) household strategies of labor allocation, 4) work organization in livestock farms; and 5) occupational health in farms. These research domains are investigated by four main scientific communities that prevail in the international literature: 1) agricultural economics; 2) ergonomics; 3) social issues for rural development; and 5) livestock farming systems. Besides those mainstream research, three major research trends emerged: 1) migration and precarious employment condition; 2) work issues in advisory services; and 3) labor governance in global value chains. These trends reflect ongoing transformations in agriculture that are important to think about the future of the work in this sector and its impacts on sustainable development. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities that have performed the most relevant research indexed in Scopus database related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review offers an overview in an interdisciplinary topic, and provides a benchmark for future cutting-edge research. The ILO definition of decent work can be a guideline for focus and deepen specific topics, since our findings indicate that several of them are linked to work-related issues in agriculture, which could support sustainable development on this sector.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Near to half of world population lives in rural areas, and agriculture is responsible for 28% of global employment. Structural changes in agriculture impacting labor and the low attractivity of employment and working conditions in this sector are the major issues for the permanence and renewal of the rural workforce. Promoting decent work is essential to reach sustainable development. According to the ILO definition, decent work involves a wide range of conditions linked between them that include and go beyond farming work (e.g. gender equity, workplace security, fair income, among others). This complex situation requires for scientists the analysis of the diverse topics, as well as the development of interdisciplinary approaches to deal with this diversity. A review of the scientific literature is necessary to summarize the knowledge that has been produced and identify the current trends related to work in agriculture. In order to provide a background in this topic, the aim of this study was to review the state of the international literature related to work in agriculture, through a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in Scopus bibliographical database. Our findings show that USA, UK, France and China are the leaders in the scientific landscape according to: geographical production of knowledge, main journals and authors, and most-cited articles. The analysis of work in agriculture is declined in five main research domains: 1) social issues in rural areas; 2) labor market; 3) household strategies of labor allocation, 4) work organization in livestock farms; and 5) occupational health in farms. These research domains are investigated by four main scientific communities that prevail in the international literature: 1) agricultural economics; 2) ergonomics; 3) social issues for rural development; and 5) livestock farming systems. Besides those mainstream research, three major research trends emerged: 1) migration and precarious employment condition; 2) work issues in advisory services; and 3) labor governance in global value chains. These trends reflect ongoing transformations in agriculture that are important to think about the future of the work in this sector and its impacts on sustainable development. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities that have performed the most relevant research indexed in Scopus database related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review offers an overview in an interdisciplinary topic, and provides a benchmark for future cutting-edge research. The ILO definition of decent work can be a guideline for focus and deepen specific topics, since our findings indicate that several of them are linked to work-related issues in agriculture, which could support sustainable development on this sector.
45.
Aviso, K. B.; Sy, C. L.; Tan, R. R.; Ubando, Aristotle T.
Fuzzy optimization of carbon management networks based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing Journal Article
In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 132, pp. 110035, 2020, ISSN: 1364-0321.
@article{Aviso2020,
title = {Fuzzy optimization of carbon management networks based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing},
author = {K.B. Aviso and C.L. Sy and R.R. Tan and Aristotle T. Ubando},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120303269},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110035},
issn = {1364-0321},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
volume = {132},
pages = {110035},
abstract = {A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation will be needed to mitigate climate change to a safe level. Residual biomass from agriculture is an underutilized energy source that can contribute to the needed emissions cut, but its geographic dispersion presents logistical problems. Direct and indirect co-firing of biomass in existing power plants presents a flexible means of utilizing this resource. Indirect co-firing of biomass with biochar co-production can even give greater reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the biochar is applied to soil as a form of carbon sequestration. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model is developed for optimizing a carbon management network based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing, coupled with biochar application to soil for the latter case. The model can match biomass sources to power plants; the power plants that use indirect co-firing are also matched to biochar application sites. The model is illustrated using a case study representative of a developing country with an agriculture-intensive economy. Results show that not all powerplants need to implement co-firing to reach a balance between reducing GHG emissions and the risk of introducing contaminants in soil. The model provides effective decision support for decarbonizing power generation, particularly in developing countries that still make use of coal-fired power plants and which have abundant biomass resources in the form of agricultural waste.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation will be needed to mitigate climate change to a safe level. Residual biomass from agriculture is an underutilized energy source that can contribute to the needed emissions cut, but its geographic dispersion presents logistical problems. Direct and indirect co-firing of biomass in existing power plants presents a flexible means of utilizing this resource. Indirect co-firing of biomass with biochar co-production can even give greater reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the biochar is applied to soil as a form of carbon sequestration. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model is developed for optimizing a carbon management network based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing, coupled with biochar application to soil for the latter case. The model can match biomass sources to power plants; the power plants that use indirect co-firing are also matched to biochar application sites. The model is illustrated using a case study representative of a developing country with an agriculture-intensive economy. Results show that not all powerplants need to implement co-firing to reach a balance between reducing GHG emissions and the risk of introducing contaminants in soil. The model provides effective decision support for decarbonizing power generation, particularly in developing countries that still make use of coal-fired power plants and which have abundant biomass resources in the form of agricultural waste.
46.
Omena, Janna Joceli; Rabello, Elaine Teixeira; Mintz, André Goes
Digital Methods for Hashtag Engagement Research Journal Article
In: Social Media + Society, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2056305120940697, 2020.
@article{Omena2020,
title = {Digital Methods for Hashtag Engagement Research},
author = {Janna Joceli Omena and Elaine Teixeira Rabello and André Goes Mintz},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2056305120940697},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120940697},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-03},
urldate = {2020-09-03},
journal = {Social Media + Society},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {2056305120940697},
abstract = {This article seeks to contribute to the field of digital research by critically accounting for the relationship between hashtags and their forms of grammatization—the platform techno-materialization process of online activity. We approach hashtags as sociotechnical formations that serve social media research not only as criteria in corpus selection but also displaying the complexity of the online engagement and its entanglement with the technicity of web platforms. Therefore, the study of hashtag engagement requires a grasping of the functioning of the platform itself (technicity) along with the platform grammatization. In this respect, we propose the three-layered (3L) perspective for addressing hashtag engagement. The first contemplates potential differences between high-visibility and ordinary hashtag usage culture, its related actors, and content. The second focuses on hashtagging activity and the repurposing of how hashtags can be differently embedded into social media databases. The last layer looks particularly into the images and texts to which hashtags are brought to relation. To operationalize the 3L framework, we draw on the case of the “impeachment-cum-coup” of Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff. When cross-read, the three layers add value to one another, providing also difference visions of the high-visibility and ordinary groups.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article seeks to contribute to the field of digital research by critically accounting for the relationship between hashtags and their forms of grammatization—the platform techno-materialization process of online activity. We approach hashtags as sociotechnical formations that serve social media research not only as criteria in corpus selection but also displaying the complexity of the online engagement and its entanglement with the technicity of web platforms. Therefore, the study of hashtag engagement requires a grasping of the functioning of the platform itself (technicity) along with the platform grammatization. In this respect, we propose the three-layered (3L) perspective for addressing hashtag engagement. The first contemplates potential differences between high-visibility and ordinary hashtag usage culture, its related actors, and content. The second focuses on hashtagging activity and the repurposing of how hashtags can be differently embedded into social media databases. The last layer looks particularly into the images and texts to which hashtags are brought to relation. To operationalize the 3L framework, we draw on the case of the “impeachment-cum-coup” of Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff. When cross-read, the three layers add value to one another, providing also difference visions of the high-visibility and ordinary groups.
47.
Cardon, Vincent
Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research Journal Article
In: Science, Technology and Society, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 38-66, 2020.
@article{Cardon2020,
title = {Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research},
author = {Vincent Cardon},
doi = {10.1177/0971721819889918},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-03},
urldate = {2020-03-03},
journal = {Science, Technology and Society},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {38-66},
abstract = {One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.
Proceedings Articles
48.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Souza, Mariana Augusta; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
Labor studies in agricultural value chains: a scientometric analysis from scopus Proceedings Article
In: SOBER 2020, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 2020.
@inproceedings{Malanski2020,
title = {Labor studies in agricultural value chains: a scientometric analysis from scopus},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Mariana Augusta de Souza and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi
},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343345088},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
booktitle = {SOBER 2020},
address = {Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil},
abstract = {Agricultural value chains are important to create rural employment. According to FAO, employment opportunities, increasing wages and high-job quality are crucial labor-related conditions to value chains sustainability. However, there is a gap in the literature gathering the specific contribution of value chains approaches to discussions on labor in agriculture. Our aim was to review the state of the international literature on labor in agricultural value chains. A scientometric analysis of the articles indexed in Scopus were performed. The main results were: 1) labor in agricultural value chains is a relative new scientific community lead by research developed by UK, USA, Germany and Kenya; 2) the reference authors, journals, institutions and articles were characterized; 3) the hotspots changed over the past 20 years; 4) researches are structured in six main research domains. Our scientometric review provides an overview about the main characteristics of a new rising scientific community focused in labor in agricultural value chain, as well as a synthesis of knowledge produced to support scientific innovation in this field. Regarding agriculture value chains agents, our results advance the importance of governance to improve employment relations and working conditions in farms in order to promote chain sustainability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Agricultural value chains are important to create rural employment. According to FAO, employment opportunities, increasing wages and high-job quality are crucial labor-related conditions to value chains sustainability. However, there is a gap in the literature gathering the specific contribution of value chains approaches to discussions on labor in agriculture. Our aim was to review the state of the international literature on labor in agricultural value chains. A scientometric analysis of the articles indexed in Scopus were performed. The main results were: 1) labor in agricultural value chains is a relative new scientific community lead by research developed by UK, USA, Germany and Kenya; 2) the reference authors, journals, institutions and articles were characterized; 3) the hotspots changed over the past 20 years; 4) researches are structured in six main research domains. Our scientometric review provides an overview about the main characteristics of a new rising scientific community focused in labor in agricultural value chain, as well as a synthesis of knowledge produced to support scientific innovation in this field. Regarding agriculture value chains agents, our results advance the importance of governance to improve employment relations and working conditions in farms in order to promote chain sustainability.
Online
49.
Baciu, Robert; Bersezio, Ludovic; Béchet, Nathalie; Boboc, Roxana Varvara; (Doris), Yujie Dong; Stirum, Roline Van Limburg; Macpherson, Ava; Oettle, Josephine; Yedema, Emma
Who is /ourguy/?: Studying political Internet subcultures through their identification with public figures Online
(DMI), The Digital Methods Initiative (Ed.): 2020, visited: 30.01.2020.
@online{Baciu2020,
title = {Who is /ourguy/?: Studying political Internet subcultures through their identification with public figures},
author = {Robert Baciu and Ludovic Bersezio and Nathalie Béchet and Roxana Varvara Boboc and Yujie Dong (Doris) and Roline Van Limburg Stirum and Ava Macpherson and Josephine Oettle and Emma Yedema},
editor = {The Digital Methods Initiative (DMI)},
url = {https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/WinterSchool2020OurguyReddit},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-30},
urldate = {2020-01-30},
abstract = {The primary outcome of our research has been an approach to analysing the renegotiation and contestation of public figures, or /ourguy/, through the use of a 5 step protocol. The second aim was to showcase our model’s potential by doing a case study on political subreddits and looking at which public figures their communities discuss, as well as how they do so. The protocol allows for cross-subreddit and single-subreddit analysis and can easily be replicated for the study of other subreddits. To compile the protocol, we repurposed subreddit metrics to create a toolkit that allows us to characterize web communities. First the appropriate subreddits are selected based on a set of criteria, next we extract the most mentioned names in those subreddits using natural language processing. Then we make a selection of the relevant public figures among these names. After this we employ a twofold method of using contrast analysis and network mapping the subreddits. Lastly we generate and analyse word trees for a deeper understanding of how negotiations surrounding these public figures happen. This protocol is a useful framework for future subreddit analysis and shows that meaningful social research can still be conducted post-API.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The primary outcome of our research has been an approach to analysing the renegotiation and contestation of public figures, or /ourguy/, through the use of a 5 step protocol. The second aim was to showcase our model’s potential by doing a case study on political subreddits and looking at which public figures their communities discuss, as well as how they do so. The protocol allows for cross-subreddit and single-subreddit analysis and can easily be replicated for the study of other subreddits. To compile the protocol, we repurposed subreddit metrics to create a toolkit that allows us to characterize web communities. First the appropriate subreddits are selected based on a set of criteria, next we extract the most mentioned names in those subreddits using natural language processing. Then we make a selection of the relevant public figures among these names. After this we employ a twofold method of using contrast analysis and network mapping the subreddits. Lastly we generate and analyse word trees for a deeper understanding of how negotiations surrounding these public figures happen. This protocol is a useful framework for future subreddit analysis and shows that meaningful social research can still be conducted post-API.
Technical Reports
50.
Pellerin, Sylvain; Bamière, Laure; Launay, Camille; Martin, Raphaël; Schiavo, Michele; Angers, Denis; Augusto, Laurent; Balesdent, Jérôme; Basile-Doelsch, Isabelle; Bellassen, Valentin; Cardinael, Rémi; Cécillon, Lauric; Ceschia, Eric; Chenu, Claire; Constantin, Julie; Darroussin, Joël; Delacote, Philippe; Delame, Nathalie; Gastal, François; Gilbert, Daniel; Graux, Anne-Isabelle; Guenet, Bertrand; Houot, Sabine; Klumpp, Katja; Letort, Elodie; Litrico, Isabelle; Martin, Manuel; Menasseri, Safya; Mézière, Delphine; Morvan, Thierry; Mosnier, Claire; Roger-Estrade, Jean; Saint-André, Laurent; Sierra, Jorge; Thérond, Olivier; Viaud, Valérie; Grateau, Régis; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier
Stocker du carbone dans les sols français : Quel potentiel au regard de l’objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ? Technical Report
INRAE 2020.
@techreport{Pellerin2020,
title = {Stocker du carbone dans les sols français : Quel potentiel au regard de l’objectif 4 pour 1000 et à quel coût ?},
author = {Sylvain Pellerin and Laure Bamière and Camille Launay and Raphaël Martin and Michele Schiavo and Denis Angers and Laurent Augusto and Jérôme Balesdent and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch and Valentin Bellassen and Rémi Cardinael and Lauric Cécillon and Eric Ceschia and Claire Chenu and Julie Constantin and Joël Darroussin and Philippe Delacote and Nathalie Delame and François Gastal and Daniel Gilbert and Anne-Isabelle Graux and Bertrand Guenet and Sabine Houot and Katja Klumpp and Elodie Letort and Isabelle Litrico and Manuel Martin and Safya Menasseri and Delphine Mézière and Thierry Morvan and Claire Mosnier and Jean Roger-Estrade and Laurent Saint-André and Jorge Sierra and Olivier Thérond and Valérie Viaud and Régis Grateau and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère},
url = {https://agritrop.cirad.fr/597691/1/Pellerin2020%20Stocker%20du%20carbone%20dans%20les%20sols%20fran%C3%A7ais.pdf},
doi = {10.35690/978-2-7592-3149-2},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-30},
urldate = {2020-12-30},
institution = {INRAE},
abstract = {L’étude «4 pour mille France» dont les résultats sont présentés dans ce rapport a été conduite par l’INRA, à la demande de l’Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (ADEME) et du Ministère chargé de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation (MAA). Les objectifs étaient (i)d’identifier des pratiques agricoles et sylvicoles plus «stockantes » que les pratiques actuellement mises en œuvre, (ii)de chiffrer le potentiel de stockage additionnel associé, de le cartographier, de quantifier les autres effets induits liés à l’adoption de ces pratiques stockantes (pertes ou gains de rendement, émissions de N2O, lessivage de nitrate, utilisation de produits phytosanitaires...), (iii)de chiffrer leur coût de mise en œuvre, d’identifier les freins à l’adoption et de proposer une stratégie coût-efficace de stockage.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’étude «4 pour mille France» dont les résultats sont présentés dans ce rapport a été conduite par l’INRA, à la demande de l’Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (ADEME) et du Ministère chargé de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation (MAA). Les objectifs étaient (i)d’identifier des pratiques agricoles et sylvicoles plus «stockantes » que les pratiques actuellement mises en œuvre, (ii)de chiffrer le potentiel de stockage additionnel associé, de le cartographier, de quantifier les autres effets induits liés à l’adoption de ces pratiques stockantes (pertes ou gains de rendement, émissions de N2O, lessivage de nitrate, utilisation de produits phytosanitaires...), (iii)de chiffrer leur coût de mise en œuvre, d’identifier les freins à l’adoption et de proposer une stratégie coût-efficace de stockage.
51.
Andrieu, Nadine; Kebede, Yodit
Agroecology and Climate Change: A case study of the CCAFS Research Program Technical Report
2020, (CCAFS Working Paper no. 313. Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)).
@techreport{Andrieu2020,
title = {Agroecology and Climate Change: A case study of the CCAFS Research Program},
author = {Nadine Andrieu and Yodit Kebede},
url = {https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/108779},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-15},
abstract = {Climate change is challenging the sustainability of agricultural systems. Some authors argue that only an agroecological transformation of agricultural systems is the appropriate response to climate change issues. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), aims to catalyze positive change towards climate-smart agriculture (CSA), food systems and landscapes to meet the triple goals of food security, adaptation and mitigation. In this paper, we present agroecological principles as defined by various authors or institutions and question how they address climate change issues. Using FAO 10 elements of Agroecology as framework we investigate to what extent CCAFS is aligned with agroecological principles. To answer these questions, we used a combination of bibliographic study, interviews of CCAFS Flagship leaders and text mining method. Our main conclusion is that although agroecology was not a key concept in the design of CCAFS activities, on the ground many promoted practices where agroecological practices and several of the 10 FAO elements of agroecology were addressed but with a different perspective than the one promoted by the proponents of agroecology. To further improve or re-direct CCAFS activities with agroecological principles we recommended five main areas of intervention: to better include agroecological principles in the implementation of NDCs, to strengthen system thinking for food system transformation, to strengthen landscape-level activities, to develop projects on circular and solidarity economy, and to use CIS to support the implementation of agroecological practices.},
note = {CCAFS Working Paper no. 313. Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Climate change is challenging the sustainability of agricultural systems. Some authors argue that only an agroecological transformation of agricultural systems is the appropriate response to climate change issues. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), aims to catalyze positive change towards climate-smart agriculture (CSA), food systems and landscapes to meet the triple goals of food security, adaptation and mitigation. In this paper, we present agroecological principles as defined by various authors or institutions and question how they address climate change issues. Using FAO 10 elements of Agroecology as framework we investigate to what extent CCAFS is aligned with agroecological principles. To answer these questions, we used a combination of bibliographic study, interviews of CCAFS Flagship leaders and text mining method. Our main conclusion is that although agroecology was not a key concept in the design of CCAFS activities, on the ground many promoted practices where agroecological practices and several of the 10 FAO elements of agroecology were addressed but with a different perspective than the one promoted by the proponents of agroecology. To further improve or re-direct CCAFS activities with agroecological principles we recommended five main areas of intervention: to better include agroecological principles in the implementation of NDCs, to strengthen system thinking for food system transformation, to strengthen landscape-level activities, to develop projects on circular and solidarity economy, and to use CIS to support the implementation of agroecological practices.
2019
Journal Articles
52.
Baumont, René; Girard, Agnès
La revue INRA Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales Journal Article
In: INRA Productions Animales, vol. 32, iss. 2, pp. 87-94, 2019, (hal-02315856).
@article{Baumont2019b,
title = {La revue INRA Productions Animales dans la production scientifique en élevage et sciences animales},
author = { René Baumont and Agnès Girard },
url = {https://hal.science/hal-02315856/
https://hal.science/hal-02315856v1/document},
doi = {/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.2.2543},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-14},
urldate = {2019-10-14},
journal = {INRA Productions Animales},
volume = {32},
issue = {2},
pages = {87-94},
abstract = {Depuis 30 ans, la revue INRA Productions Animales publie principalement des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les productions animales à destination d’un large public d’utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche. À partir de la base de données « Web of Science ™ » (WOS) et dans le périmètre limité à la catégorie « Agriculture, dairy and animal sciences » dans laquelle la revue est indexée depuis 1997, cet article propose une analyse du positionnement de la revue dans la littérature scientifique internationale, européenne et de l’INRA. Dans une production scientifique multipliée par deux entre 1997 et 2017 dans cette WOS catégorie (9000 articles en 2017), le nombre d’articles publiés chaque année par l’INRA (environ 250) et par la revue (entre 30 et 35) est stable. La France est le 7ème pays contributeur derrière les USA, l’Inde, la Chine, le Brésil, l’Allemagne et le Canada. L’analyse lexicale de l’ensemble des références du WOS montre une grande stabilité des termes les plus fréquemment utilisés qui restent dominés par les problématiques de production. En revanche, l’analyse de l’évolution des publications montre clairement l’émergence et la montée en puissance des recherches menées sur les systèmes d’élevage, le bien-être animal et la sélection génomique, à la fois en Europe et à l’INRA. Au final, les recherches conduites par l’INRA dans le domaine des productions animales, et en particulier celles diffusées par la revue INRA Productions Animales, sont au diapason des recherches conduites à l’échelle européenne. },
note = {hal-02315856},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depuis 30 ans, la revue INRA Productions Animales publie principalement des articles de synthèse sur tous les sujets concernant les productions animales à destination d’un large public d’utilisateurs des résultats de la recherche. À partir de la base de données « Web of Science ™ » (WOS) et dans le périmètre limité à la catégorie « Agriculture, dairy and animal sciences » dans laquelle la revue est indexée depuis 1997, cet article propose une analyse du positionnement de la revue dans la littérature scientifique internationale, européenne et de l’INRA. Dans une production scientifique multipliée par deux entre 1997 et 2017 dans cette WOS catégorie (9000 articles en 2017), le nombre d’articles publiés chaque année par l’INRA (environ 250) et par la revue (entre 30 et 35) est stable. La France est le 7ème pays contributeur derrière les USA, l’Inde, la Chine, le Brésil, l’Allemagne et le Canada. L’analyse lexicale de l’ensemble des références du WOS montre une grande stabilité des termes les plus fréquemment utilisés qui restent dominés par les problématiques de production. En revanche, l’analyse de l’évolution des publications montre clairement l’émergence et la montée en puissance des recherches menées sur les systèmes d’élevage, le bien-être animal et la sélection génomique, à la fois en Europe et à l’INRA. Au final, les recherches conduites par l’INRA dans le domaine des productions animales, et en particulier celles diffusées par la revue INRA Productions Animales, sont au diapason des recherches conduites à l’échelle européenne.
53.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara; Dedieu, Benoît
Characteristics of “work in agriculture” scientific communities. A bibliometric review Journal Article
In: Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol. 39, no. 36, 2019.
@article{Malanski2019b,
title = {Characteristics of “work in agriculture” scientific communities. A bibliometric review},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi and Benoît Dedieu },
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-019-0582-2},
doi = {10.1007/s13593-019-0582-2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-19},
urldate = {2019-06-19},
journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development},
volume = {39},
number = {36},
abstract = {Work is a central concern for sustainable farming systems and rural communities, especially regarding specific issues of the agricultural sector, as the strong decrease in rural employment and the less attractive working conditions. Many articles covering diverse related topics have been published. However, the few studies analyzing the state of worldwide scientific research on work in agriculture give only a fragmented view, since they focus on specialized topics and disciplines. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of this study was to review the state of research on work in agriculture addressed by the scientific literature, through a bibliometric analysis by country, institution, journal, author, and keywords. Our main finds are that (1) work in agriculture issues is divided into six main research domains: occupational health and safety, labor market and rural employment, labor and farm sustainability, work organization, agricultural policy and agrarian changes, and labor and family farms; (2) these research domains are analyzed by five scientific communities: ergonomics, agricultural economics, livestock farming systems, rural sociology, and agricultural policy; (3) the reference authors, most-cited articles, and main journals were identified for each scientific community; (4) USA, France, and China arise as leaders in the scientific landscape. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities worldwide that have performed the most relevant research related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review provides a benchmark for future research on agricultural work-related topics and encourages collaborations between researchers from different scientific communities for interdisciplinary innovation, which support sustainable working conditions in agriculture.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Work is a central concern for sustainable farming systems and rural communities, especially regarding specific issues of the agricultural sector, as the strong decrease in rural employment and the less attractive working conditions. Many articles covering diverse related topics have been published. However, the few studies analyzing the state of worldwide scientific research on work in agriculture give only a fragmented view, since they focus on specialized topics and disciplines. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of this study was to review the state of research on work in agriculture addressed by the scientific literature, through a bibliometric analysis by country, institution, journal, author, and keywords. Our main finds are that (1) work in agriculture issues is divided into six main research domains: occupational health and safety, labor market and rural employment, labor and farm sustainability, work organization, agricultural policy and agrarian changes, and labor and family farms; (2) these research domains are analyzed by five scientific communities: ergonomics, agricultural economics, livestock farming systems, rural sociology, and agricultural policy; (3) the reference authors, most-cited articles, and main journals were identified for each scientific community; (4) USA, France, and China arise as leaders in the scientific landscape. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities worldwide that have performed the most relevant research related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review provides a benchmark for future research on agricultural work-related topics and encourages collaborations between researchers from different scientific communities for interdisciplinary innovation, which support sustainable working conditions in agriculture.
54.
Loconto, Allison; Desquilbet, Marion; Moreau, Théo; Couvet, Denis; Dorin, Bruno
The land sparing – land sharing controversy: Tracing the politics of knowledge Journal Article
In: Land Use Policy, vol. 96, 2019.
@article{Loconto2018,
title = {The land sparing – land sharing controversy: Tracing the politics of knowledge},
author = {Allison Loconto and Marion Desquilbet and Théo Moreau and Denis Couvet and Bruno Dorin},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.014},
doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.014},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Land Use Policy},
volume = {96},
abstract = {Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around ‘productive’ land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on one hand, and preserving biodiversity on the other hand, are two shared policy goals at the global level. Yet while these goals are clear, they are to some extent in conflict, because agriculture is a major cause of biodiversity loss, and the path to achieve both of them is at the heart of a public controversy around ‘productive’ land use and biodiversity conservation. Over the years, the scientific, policy, civil society and agri-business communities have been engaged in producing evidence that can support a land sparing policy (separating intensive agricultural production from biodiversity conservation) or a land sharing policy (integrating the two in larger and more extensive landscapes). This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing land sparing and land sharing (LSS) as a socio-technical controversy. Through the analysis of large and small corpora of scientific, policy, corporate social responsibility and sustainability standards documents we explore the ethical underpinnings and social networks that support the opposing sides of this controversy. We explore these linkages in order to explain how the concept of land sparing achieved dominance in the scientific literature and how the concept has been taken up in international policy, business and civil society circles. We examine the convergences and divergences in alliances between actors in this controversy in order to map how specific actors have promoted the concept of land sparing as the best way to used land for biodiversity and food production.
Conferences
55.
Rizzo, Davide; Marraccini, Elisa; Benoît, Marc; Thenail, Claudine; Lardon, Sylvie
Landscape agronomy: bibliometric insights on key issues and background topics of a conceptual framework Conference
10th IALE World Congress Milan, Italy, 2019.
@conference{Rizzo2019,
title = {Landscape agronomy: bibliometric insights on key issues and background topics of a conceptual framework},
author = {Davide Rizzo and Elisa Marraccini and Marc Benoît and Claudine Thenail and Sylvie Lardon},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-03609817/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334285870_Landscape_agronomy_bibliometric_insights_on_key_issues_and_background_topics_of_a_conceptual_framework},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-04},
urldate = {2019-07-04},
address = {Milan, Italy},
organization = {10th IALE World Congress },
abstract = {Landscapes are formed by the interactions between natural resources and heterogeneous land managers that expect/pursue an increasing variety of ecosystem services. Landscape ecology undoubtedly indicated the landscape as the best level to assess existing services and to support expected improvements. Where agriculture drives local dynamics, a contextual cross-scale analysis of farming activities and actors is needed to understand how and why landscapes are produced, eventually, redesigned. Inspired by landscape ecology, the landscape agronomy framework was proposed to extend the study of patterns and processes to agriculture, calling to focus on the spatially explicit characterization of farmers' decision-making. In summary, the landscape agronomy conceptual framework helps to describe and analyze the patterns determined by the interactions between agricultural practices and local resources (Benoit, Rizzo et al. 2012, Lands Ecol). This communication aims at providing insights into the key concepts underpinning the conceptual framework, such as the "cropping system" defined by agronomists, and the "force fields" applied in geography. A few years after the launch of this conceptual framework, we address the question: "who cares about landscape and agriculture?". To this aim, we will present the result of a bibliometric analysis using the CorText platform to explore research keywords, (inter)disciplinary bridges and emerging issues related to landscape agronomy. In the discussion, we will address some relevant applications, such as the challenges for agrifood system management of natural resources or to energy production by farmers (e.g., biofuel, biogas), and the landscape perspective on the deployment of smart farming and agtech. We will conclude on possible improvements to this conceptual framework. Altogether, this communication sets the scene for an upcoming multidisciplinary book about advances and challenges of a territorial approach to agricultural issues. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Landscapes are formed by the interactions between natural resources and heterogeneous land managers that expect/pursue an increasing variety of ecosystem services. Landscape ecology undoubtedly indicated the landscape as the best level to assess existing services and to support expected improvements. Where agriculture drives local dynamics, a contextual cross-scale analysis of farming activities and actors is needed to understand how and why landscapes are produced, eventually, redesigned. Inspired by landscape ecology, the landscape agronomy framework was proposed to extend the study of patterns and processes to agriculture, calling to focus on the spatially explicit characterization of farmers' decision-making. In summary, the landscape agronomy conceptual framework helps to describe and analyze the patterns determined by the interactions between agricultural practices and local resources (Benoit, Rizzo et al. 2012, Lands Ecol). This communication aims at providing insights into the key concepts underpinning the conceptual framework, such as the "cropping system" defined by agronomists, and the "force fields" applied in geography. A few years after the launch of this conceptual framework, we address the question: "who cares about landscape and agriculture?". To this aim, we will present the result of a bibliometric analysis using the CorText platform to explore research keywords, (inter)disciplinary bridges and emerging issues related to landscape agronomy. In the discussion, we will address some relevant applications, such as the challenges for agrifood system management of natural resources or to energy production by farmers (e.g., biofuel, biogas), and the landscape perspective on the deployment of smart farming and agtech. We will conclude on possible improvements to this conceptual framework. Altogether, this communication sets the scene for an upcoming multidisciplinary book about advances and challenges of a territorial approach to agricultural issues.
PhD Theses
56.
Bareille, François
Gestion agricole des services écosystémiques : éclairages à partir de l’économie de la production et de l’économie de l’environnement PhD Thesis
2019, (HAL Id: tel-02140626).
@phdthesis{Bareille2019,
title = {Gestion agricole des services écosystémiques : éclairages à partir de l’économie de la production et de l’économie de l’environnement},
author = {François Bareille},
url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-02140626v1},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-27},
abstract = {The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts.
In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from
agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services.
The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous.
In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical
area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.
La thèse étudie théoriquement et empiriquement la gestion des services écosystémiques par les agriculteurs sous l’angle de la théorie économique. Le concept de services écosystémiques est un concept interdisciplinaire désignant « les services qu’offrent gratuitement la nature à l’homme ». La littérature économique s’est principalement emparée de la question de la mesure de la valeur de ces services, en s’intéressant peu ou prou aux comportements des agents
modifiant ces services. La thèse se divise en deux parties.
Dans la première partie, je m’intéresse à l’offre et à la demande de service écosystémique productifs (par exemple, la pollinisation ou le contrôle biologique) en analysant le comportement des agriculteurs, considérés comme de potentiels gestionnaires des agroécosystèmes. Inspiré par la littérature en écologie du paysage, j’introduis des indicateurs de biodiversité dépendant des assolements dans des modèles existants issus de la littérature en économie de la production appliquée à l’agriculture. Ce rapprochement fournit un modèle théorique unifié où l’on peut analyser les choix des agriculteurs vis-à-vis des services écosystémiques productifs. Les travaux empiriques développés par la suite consistent à estimer toute ou partie de ce modèle théorique. Ma principale contribution à la littérature est de prouver, à partir de l’analyse des comportements observés des agriculteurs, que les agriculteurs gèrent consciemment les services écosystémiques productifs. J’apporte d’autres éléments à la littérature, en fournissant notamment des éléments importants sur la technologie agricole lorsque les services écosystémiques productifs sont considérés, ou en montrant que la gestion collective des services écosystémiques productifs ne peut que rarement émergée spontanément
dans des paysages réels où les agriculteurs sont hétérogènes.
Dans la deuxième partie, je m’intéresse à la demande pour les biens publics fournis conjointement par les agriculteurs via la modification des flux de services écosystémiques, i.e. je m’intéresse à la demande pour les services environnementaux fournis par les agriculteurs (au sens de Engel et al., 2008). En particulier, j’étudie le rôle de l’échelle géographique de la demande sur la conception de politique agro-environnementale. En effet, si les biens publics locaux vont influencer le bien-être des agents au sein d’une zone géographique délimitée (e.g. amélioration de la qualité de l’eau en maintenant une zone humide en amont d’une station de traitement), les biens publics globaux peuvent influencer le bien-être de l’ensemble des agents (e.g. séquestration du carbone dans une zone humide). Dans cette partie, j’applique les cadres
d’analyse de plusieurs littératures développées en économie de l’environnement (par exemple, la littérature sur le fédéralisme environnemental ou sur le « distance-decay ») aux spécificités des services environnementaux fournis par l’agriculture ; en particulier, le service environnemental fourni par un agriculteur influe le plus souvent sur la fourniture de multiple biens publics, biens publics dont l’échelle de la demande diffèrent. Je contribue à la littérature en montrant que, bien que la plupart de la demande pour les services environnementaux fournis par les agriculteurs soit capturée localement (à l’échelle de la municipalité), une partie de la demande s’exprime à des échelles plus importantes. Cela a des implications pour la gouvernance et la conception des politiques agroenvironnementales, que j’explore à travers deux exemples : la réduction de l’application des pesticides et le maintien des zones humides agricoles.},
note = {HAL Id: tel-02140626},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts.
In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from
agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services.
The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous.
In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical
area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.
La thèse étudie théoriquement et empiriquement la gestion des services écosystémiques par les agriculteurs sous l’angle de la théorie économique. Le concept de services écosystémiques est un concept interdisciplinaire désignant « les services qu’offrent gratuitement la nature à l’homme ». La littérature économique s’est principalement emparée de la question de la mesure de la valeur de ces services, en s’intéressant peu ou prou aux comportements des agents
modifiant ces services. La thèse se divise en deux parties.
Dans la première partie, je m’intéresse à l’offre et à la demande de service écosystémique productifs (par exemple, la pollinisation ou le contrôle biologique) en analysant le comportement des agriculteurs, considérés comme de potentiels gestionnaires des agroécosystèmes. Inspiré par la littérature en écologie du paysage, j’introduis des indicateurs de biodiversité dépendant des assolements dans des modèles existants issus de la littérature en économie de la production appliquée à l’agriculture. Ce rapprochement fournit un modèle théorique unifié où l’on peut analyser les choix des agriculteurs vis-à-vis des services écosystémiques productifs. Les travaux empiriques développés par la suite consistent à estimer toute ou partie de ce modèle théorique. Ma principale contribution à la littérature est de prouver, à partir de l’analyse des comportements observés des agriculteurs, que les agriculteurs gèrent consciemment les services écosystémiques productifs. J’apporte d’autres éléments à la littérature, en fournissant notamment des éléments importants sur la technologie agricole lorsque les services écosystémiques productifs sont considérés, ou en montrant que la gestion collective des services écosystémiques productifs ne peut que rarement émergée spontanément
dans des paysages réels où les agriculteurs sont hétérogènes.
Dans la deuxième partie, je m’intéresse à la demande pour les biens publics fournis conjointement par les agriculteurs via la modification des flux de services écosystémiques, i.e. je m’intéresse à la demande pour les services environnementaux fournis par les agriculteurs (au sens de Engel et al., 2008). En particulier, j’étudie le rôle de l’échelle géographique de la demande sur la conception de politique agro-environnementale. En effet, si les biens publics locaux vont influencer le bien-être des agents au sein d’une zone géographique délimitée (e.g. amélioration de la qualité de l’eau en maintenant une zone humide en amont d’une station de traitement), les biens publics globaux peuvent influencer le bien-être de l’ensemble des agents (e.g. séquestration du carbone dans une zone humide). Dans cette partie, j’applique les cadres
d’analyse de plusieurs littératures développées en économie de l’environnement (par exemple, la littérature sur le fédéralisme environnemental ou sur le « distance-decay ») aux spécificités des services environnementaux fournis par l’agriculture ; en particulier, le service environnemental fourni par un agriculteur influe le plus souvent sur la fourniture de multiple biens publics, biens publics dont l’échelle de la demande diffèrent. Je contribue à la littérature en montrant que, bien que la plupart de la demande pour les services environnementaux fournis par les agriculteurs soit capturée localement (à l’échelle de la municipalité), une partie de la demande s’exprime à des échelles plus importantes. Cela a des implications pour la gouvernance et la conception des politiques agroenvironnementales, que j’explore à travers deux exemples : la réduction de l’application des pesticides et le maintien des zones humides agricoles.
In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from
agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services.
The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous.
In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical
area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.
La thèse étudie théoriquement et empiriquement la gestion des services écosystémiques par les agriculteurs sous l’angle de la théorie économique. Le concept de services écosystémiques est un concept interdisciplinaire désignant « les services qu’offrent gratuitement la nature à l’homme ». La littérature économique s’est principalement emparée de la question de la mesure de la valeur de ces services, en s’intéressant peu ou prou aux comportements des agents
modifiant ces services. La thèse se divise en deux parties.
Dans la première partie, je m’intéresse à l’offre et à la demande de service écosystémique productifs (par exemple, la pollinisation ou le contrôle biologique) en analysant le comportement des agriculteurs, considérés comme de potentiels gestionnaires des agroécosystèmes. Inspiré par la littérature en écologie du paysage, j’introduis des indicateurs de biodiversité dépendant des assolements dans des modèles existants issus de la littérature en économie de la production appliquée à l’agriculture. Ce rapprochement fournit un modèle théorique unifié où l’on peut analyser les choix des agriculteurs vis-à-vis des services écosystémiques productifs. Les travaux empiriques développés par la suite consistent à estimer toute ou partie de ce modèle théorique. Ma principale contribution à la littérature est de prouver, à partir de l’analyse des comportements observés des agriculteurs, que les agriculteurs gèrent consciemment les services écosystémiques productifs. J’apporte d’autres éléments à la littérature, en fournissant notamment des éléments importants sur la technologie agricole lorsque les services écosystémiques productifs sont considérés, ou en montrant que la gestion collective des services écosystémiques productifs ne peut que rarement émergée spontanément
dans des paysages réels où les agriculteurs sont hétérogènes.
Dans la deuxième partie, je m’intéresse à la demande pour les biens publics fournis conjointement par les agriculteurs via la modification des flux de services écosystémiques, i.e. je m’intéresse à la demande pour les services environnementaux fournis par les agriculteurs (au sens de Engel et al., 2008). En particulier, j’étudie le rôle de l’échelle géographique de la demande sur la conception de politique agro-environnementale. En effet, si les biens publics locaux vont influencer le bien-être des agents au sein d’une zone géographique délimitée (e.g. amélioration de la qualité de l’eau en maintenant une zone humide en amont d’une station de traitement), les biens publics globaux peuvent influencer le bien-être de l’ensemble des agents (e.g. séquestration du carbone dans une zone humide). Dans cette partie, j’applique les cadres
d’analyse de plusieurs littératures développées en économie de l’environnement (par exemple, la littérature sur le fédéralisme environnemental ou sur le « distance-decay ») aux spécificités des services environnementaux fournis par l’agriculture ; en particulier, le service environnemental fourni par un agriculteur influe le plus souvent sur la fourniture de multiple biens publics, biens publics dont l’échelle de la demande diffèrent. Je contribue à la littérature en montrant que, bien que la plupart de la demande pour les services environnementaux fournis par les agriculteurs soit capturée localement (à l’échelle de la municipalité), une partie de la demande s’exprime à des échelles plus importantes. Cela a des implications pour la gouvernance et la conception des politiques agroenvironnementales, que j’explore à travers deux exemples : la réduction de l’application des pesticides et le maintien des zones humides agricoles.
2018
Journal Articles
57.
Nicot, Rose; Bellon, Stéphane; Loconto, Allison; Ollivier, Guillaume
The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology Journal Article
In: Open Agriculture, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 537–552, 2018.
@article{Nicot2018,
title = {The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology},
author = {Rose Nicot and Stéphane Bellon and Allison Loconto and Guillaume Ollivier},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0058},
doi = {10.1515/opag-2018-0058},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-05},
urldate = {2018-12-05},
journal = {Open Agriculture},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {537–552},
abstract = {In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.
58.
Réchauchère, Olivier; Akkari, Monia El; Perchec, Sophie Le; Makowski, David; Gabrielle, Benoît; Bispo, Antonio
An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts Journal Article
In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 1-13, 2018.
@article{Réchauchère2018,
title = {An Innovative Methodological Framework for Analyzing Existing Scientific Research on Land-Use Change and Associated Environmental Impacts},
author = {Olivier Réchauchère and Monia El Akkari and Sophie Le Perchec and David Makowski and Benoît Gabrielle and Antonio Bispo},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_1},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_1},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-04},
urldate = {2018-12-04},
journal = {Sustainable Agriculture Reviews},
volume = { 30},
pages = {1-13},
abstract = {This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article describes an original approach to surveying and analyzing the existing body of scientific research on (1) the effects of various forms of reorganization in agriculture, forestry, and spatial planning on land-use change (LUC) and (2) the impacts of that LUC on the environment. Our approach consisted of four principal steps: (i) identification of references using a bibliographic search process; (ii) description of the references’ key features (publication date, journal of publication, etc.); (iii) textual analysis of the articles and identification of thematic sub-groups; (iv) systematic examination of a subset of the corpus using an reading grid followed by an analysis of the results. Our findings show that the majority of publications relating to the environmental impacts of LUC were published after 2000, and amount to a corpus of more than 5700 articles. The scientific journals involved are diverse in nature, with some being general in focus and others more specialized and technical. A lexical analysis performed using the digital platform CorTexT, developed by IFRIS (Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, a research consortium based in the Paris region. http://ifris.org/), enabled us to identify several themes within this corpus, in terms of both the types of reorganizations considered and the types of impacts examined. A more detailed analysis was conducted on a subset of articles dealing with the production of non-food biomass. The results show that, within this sub-group, the environmental impacts most often studied are those relating to climate, soil, and water. Our approach demonstrates the utility of textual analysis as a partially automated method for identifying, in broad outline, the topics addressed within a large-scale corpus. As with a search by keywords, however, this type of textual analysis cannot guarantee that all the articles classed within a category genuinely address the corresponding topic. Among those articles assigned by CorTexT to the sub-group on non-food biomass (1785 articles), the majority proved not relevant to our chosen topic, and only 241 articles were ultimately selected. This selection phase could not be fully automated and required a close reading of titles, abstracts, and often main texts by human experts. The use of precise criteria for selection and a formal reading grid are helpful in limiting the risk of bias and ensuring a level of transparence in the analytical process. Implementation of such an approach is time-consumptive, however, and requires considerable human effort.
59.
Wezel, Alexander; Goette, Julia; Lagneaux, Elisabeth; Passuello, Gloria; Reisman, Erica; Rodier, Christophe; Turpin, Grégoire
Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems Journal Article
In: Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1214, 2018.
@article{Wezel2018b,
title = {Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems},
author = {Alexander Wezel and Julia Goette and Elisabeth Lagneaux and Gloria Passuello and Erica Reisman and Christophe Rodier and Grégoire Turpin},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041214},
doi = {10.3390/su10041214},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-17},
urldate = {2018-04-17},
journal = {Sustainability},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {1214},
abstract = {Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text
60.
Akkari, Monia El; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier
Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change Journal Article
In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 15-38, 2018.
@article{Akkari2018,
title = {Textual Analysis of Published Research Articles on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change},
author = {Monia El Akkari and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_2},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_2},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = { Sustainable Agriculture Reviews},
volume = {30},
pages = {15-38},
abstract = {Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Regardless of the scale considered, land use is determined by a variety of factors relating to both local soil and climatic conditions and socioeconomic considerations (population growth, food and energy requirements, public policies, etc.). Changes in land use resulting from shifts in these factors over time will have environmental consequences. We conducted a review of the scientific literature to identify the degree to which environmental assessments take direct and indirect land-use change into account. A textual analysis was completed on a collection of 5730 scientific articles, published between 1975 and 2015 and listed in the WoS™ database, addressing the relationship between reorganizations of agricultural and forestry systems, or spatial planning, direct and indirect land-use change resulting from these reorganizations; and environmental impacts. By identifying the most frequently used words or groups of words within this corpus (focusing on the title, abstract, and keywords fields), the textual analysis platform CorTexT Manager (Platform developed by IFRIS (the Institute for Research and Innovation in Society, based in the Paris region) assembles diagrams, or “maps,” of occurrence and co-occurrence for these terms, which can then be used to identify the principal themes addressed in the corpus based on clusters of proximate keywords. Eight clusters were so identified: two focused on climate change and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (thus corresponding both to an aspect of the biophysical context and an environmental impact linked to a reorganization); one associated a reorganization (biofuel production) with a dominant environmental impact (the effects of greenhouse gas emissions); three were centered on keywords related to other types of reorganizations (urbanization, grassland management, forestry management); and two focused on environmental impacts on biodiversity and water resources. The five “thematic identifiers” showing the highest number of occurrences were greenhouse gas emission, land-use policy, biofuel, farm system, and pasture land, suggesting that the theme “GHG impacts of biofuel production” is the most prevalent. A more detailed textual analysis of articles in the cluster relating to non-food biomass production (1785 articles) was also conducted, and confirmed the growing importance, notably since 2005–2006, of research linking the bioenergy production, land-use change, and climate impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Reorganizations toward non-food biomass production also help explain the presence of degraded lands among the most frequently occurring terms in the corpus. Life-cycle analysis is the most important assessment methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioenergy production.
61.
Makowski, David
Mapping the Evidence on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change for Non-food Biomass Production Journal Article
In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 227-236, 2018.
@article{Makowski2018,
title = {Mapping the Evidence on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change for Non-food Biomass Production},
author = {David Makowski},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02904528
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4.pdf#page=237},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_10},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Sustainable Agriculture Reviews},
volume = {30},
pages = {227-236},
abstract = {The environmental impact of land-use change for biomass production is controversial, and it is crucial to provide stakeholders with a reliable description of the existing evidence on this topic. In this paper, we use an emerging research synthesis method called “evidence mapping” to summarize the main characteristics of 241 studies in a graphical user-friendly format. Results showed that most of the reviewed studies were located in Northern and Southern Americas, especially in USA and Brazil. A majority of studies focused on 1G and 2G biofuel, and on electricity production. The impacts on greenhouse gas emission, soil carbon content, soil erosion, water consumption, and water eutrophication were frequently assessed in the selected group of studies. The evidence maps produced in this paper revealed that only few studies were conducted to analyse the environmental impact of Land use change for methane production, for wood production, and for the chemical industry. Only few studies assessed the impact on biodiversity, on air quality, on human health, and on waste induced by land-use changes for biomass production. Our results thus highlight major gaps of knowledge and future research needs on the land-use-mediated implications of the bioeconomy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The environmental impact of land-use change for biomass production is controversial, and it is crucial to provide stakeholders with a reliable description of the existing evidence on this topic. In this paper, we use an emerging research synthesis method called “evidence mapping” to summarize the main characteristics of 241 studies in a graphical user-friendly format. Results showed that most of the reviewed studies were located in Northern and Southern Americas, especially in USA and Brazil. A majority of studies focused on 1G and 2G biofuel, and on electricity production. The impacts on greenhouse gas emission, soil carbon content, soil erosion, water consumption, and water eutrophication were frequently assessed in the selected group of studies. The evidence maps produced in this paper revealed that only few studies were conducted to analyse the environmental impact of Land use change for methane production, for wood production, and for the chemical industry. Only few studies assessed the impact on biodiversity, on air quality, on human health, and on waste induced by land-use changes for biomass production. Our results thus highlight major gaps of knowledge and future research needs on the land-use-mediated implications of the bioeconomy.
PhD Theses
62.
Vigni, Guido Fabrizio Li
Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France PhD Thesis
2018, (Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Chateauraynaud, Francis Sociologie Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE) 2018 2018PSLEH134).
@phdthesis{Vigni2018,
title = {Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France},
author = {Guido Fabrizio Li Vigni},
url = {http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH134},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-26},
urldate = {2018-11-26},
abstract = {Comment penser la relation entre les cultures scientifiques contemporaines et l’usage grandissant de l’ordinateur dans la production des savoirs ? Cette thèse se propose de donner une réponse à telle question à partir de l’analyse historique et sociologique d’un domaine scientifique fondé par le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis : les « sciences des systèmes complexes » (SSC). Rendues célèbres par des publications grand-public, les SSC se répandent au cours des années 1990 et 2000 en Europe et dans d’autres pays du monde. Ce travail propose une histoire de la fondation de ce domaine en se concentrant sur le SFI et sur le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes français. Avec un regard sociologique ancré dans les Science & Technology Studies et dans le courant pragmatiste, elle pose ensuite des questions sur le statut socio-épistémique de ce domaine, sur les modalités de l’administration de la preuve dans des savoirs fondés sur la simulation numérique et enfin sur les engagements épistémiques tenus par les spécialistes des systèmes complexes. Le matériau empirique – composé d’environ 200 entretiens, plusieurs milliers de pages d’archives et quelques visites de laboratoire – nous amène non seulement à mieux connaître ce champ de recherche – dont le langage est très répandu aujourd’hui, mais peu étudié par les historiens et les sociologues ; il nous porte aussi à questionner trois opinions courantes dans la littérature humaniste à propos des sciences numériques. À savoir : 1) l’ordinateur produit des connaissances de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, 2) il donne vie à des savoirs de type nouveau qui nécessitent une toute autre épistémologie pour être pensés et 3) il fait inévitablement advenir des visions du monde néolibérales. Or, cette thèse déconstruit ces trois formes de déterminisme technologique concernant les effets de l’ordinateur sur les pratiques scientifiques, en montrant d’abord que, dans les sciences computationnelles, les rapports interdisciplinaires ne se font pas sans effort ni pacifiquement ou sur pied d’égalité ; ensuite que les chercheurs et les chercheuses des SSC mobilisent des formes d’administration de la preuve déjà mises au point dans d’autres disciplines ; et enfin que les engagements épistémiques des scientifiques peuvent prendre une forme proche de la vision (néo)libérale, mais aussi des formes qui s’en éloignent ou qui s’y opposent.},
note = {Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Chateauraynaud, Francis Sociologie Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE) 2018
2018PSLEH134},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Comment penser la relation entre les cultures scientifiques contemporaines et l’usage grandissant de l’ordinateur dans la production des savoirs ? Cette thèse se propose de donner une réponse à telle question à partir de l’analyse historique et sociologique d’un domaine scientifique fondé par le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis : les « sciences des systèmes complexes » (SSC). Rendues célèbres par des publications grand-public, les SSC se répandent au cours des années 1990 et 2000 en Europe et dans d’autres pays du monde. Ce travail propose une histoire de la fondation de ce domaine en se concentrant sur le SFI et sur le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes français. Avec un regard sociologique ancré dans les Science & Technology Studies et dans le courant pragmatiste, elle pose ensuite des questions sur le statut socio-épistémique de ce domaine, sur les modalités de l’administration de la preuve dans des savoirs fondés sur la simulation numérique et enfin sur les engagements épistémiques tenus par les spécialistes des systèmes complexes. Le matériau empirique – composé d’environ 200 entretiens, plusieurs milliers de pages d’archives et quelques visites de laboratoire – nous amène non seulement à mieux connaître ce champ de recherche – dont le langage est très répandu aujourd’hui, mais peu étudié par les historiens et les sociologues ; il nous porte aussi à questionner trois opinions courantes dans la littérature humaniste à propos des sciences numériques. À savoir : 1) l’ordinateur produit des connaissances de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, 2) il donne vie à des savoirs de type nouveau qui nécessitent une toute autre épistémologie pour être pensés et 3) il fait inévitablement advenir des visions du monde néolibérales. Or, cette thèse déconstruit ces trois formes de déterminisme technologique concernant les effets de l’ordinateur sur les pratiques scientifiques, en montrant d’abord que, dans les sciences computationnelles, les rapports interdisciplinaires ne se font pas sans effort ni pacifiquement ou sur pied d’égalité ; ensuite que les chercheurs et les chercheuses des SSC mobilisent des formes d’administration de la preuve déjà mises au point dans d’autres disciplines ; et enfin que les engagements épistémiques des scientifiques peuvent prendre une forme proche de la vision (néo)libérale, mais aussi des formes qui s’en éloignent ou qui s’y opposent.
63.
Fournie, Sandrine
Construction sociotechnique et relationnelle d’une gouvernance alimentaire territoriale PhD Thesis
2018, (HAL Id: tel-01922329).
@phdthesis{Fournie2018,
title = {Construction sociotechnique et relationnelle d’une gouvernance alimentaire territoriale},
author = {Sandrine Fournie},
url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-01922329v1/file/33890_FOURNIE_4_2016_archivage.pdf
https://theses.hal.science/tel-01922329v1},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-14},
abstract = {Les Systèmes Agroalimentaires Localisés représentent des formes d'organisation de productionet de consommation particulières. Ils se différencient des systèmes agro-industriels dans larelation singulière qui unit les hommes, les produits et le territoire, dans la valorisation deressources spécifiques et dans des modalités de coordination géographiquement et socialementsituées. Un nombre croissant d'initiatives cherchent à les mettre en œuvre au travers descircuits courts, des circuits de proximité ou des projets alimentaires territoriaux.Nos travaux proposent d'éclairer d'un regard sociologique les mécanismes de construction deces systèmes alimentaires à partir de l'étude fine d'expériences pionnières. Nous mobilisons lescadres d'analyse déployés par la sociologie de l'innovation et de l'acteur-réseau d'une part, etpar la sociologie des réseaux d'autre part. L'expérience de la coopérative agricole Fermes deFigeac témoigne des processus d'activation du lien entre l'agriculture, l'alimentation et leterritoire, et de valorisation des ressources spécifiques. Ils se matérialisent dans les réseauxsociotechniques qui portent les circuits alimentaires territorialisés. Inspirés du modèle de lacoopération agricole, les responsables de l'organisation soutiennent l'expérimentation d'unedémarche de gouvernance alimentaire afin de coordonner les stratégies individuelles dans desstratégies coopératives pour répondre aux enjeux collectifs de développement.Les analyses révèlent les processus de traduction, de transformation et de médiation quiinterviennent au sein des organisations et à leurs frontières. Ces opérations s'avèrentnécessaires aux constructions collectives et aux coordinations des acteurs (humains et objets,individus et collectifs). Nous montrons le rôle des positions intermédiaires dans l'articulationdes stratégies et les capacités d'adaptation et d'innovation. Nous rendons également compte dela diversité et la variabilité des formes relationnelles qui accompagnent ces dynamiques.Menés dans le cadre d'une recherche-action, nos travaux s'inscrivent dans la volonté de coproductionthéorique et empirique. D'un point de vue opérationnel, nous attirons l'attentionsur l'importance des médiations (animations, documents, échanges…) dans les processuscollectifs et coopératifs et de l'indétermination (imprévisibilité) des dynamiques de changement.Nous proposons de tenir compte des réseaux secondaires et d'identifier les acteursintermédiaires (au-delà des représentants formels) dans les analyses de gouvernance alimentaireterritoriale. },
note = {HAL Id: tel-01922329},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Les Systèmes Agroalimentaires Localisés représentent des formes d'organisation de productionet de consommation particulières. Ils se différencient des systèmes agro-industriels dans larelation singulière qui unit les hommes, les produits et le territoire, dans la valorisation deressources spécifiques et dans des modalités de coordination géographiquement et socialementsituées. Un nombre croissant d'initiatives cherchent à les mettre en œuvre au travers descircuits courts, des circuits de proximité ou des projets alimentaires territoriaux.Nos travaux proposent d'éclairer d'un regard sociologique les mécanismes de construction deces systèmes alimentaires à partir de l'étude fine d'expériences pionnières. Nous mobilisons lescadres d'analyse déployés par la sociologie de l'innovation et de l'acteur-réseau d'une part, etpar la sociologie des réseaux d'autre part. L'expérience de la coopérative agricole Fermes deFigeac témoigne des processus d'activation du lien entre l'agriculture, l'alimentation et leterritoire, et de valorisation des ressources spécifiques. Ils se matérialisent dans les réseauxsociotechniques qui portent les circuits alimentaires territorialisés. Inspirés du modèle de lacoopération agricole, les responsables de l'organisation soutiennent l'expérimentation d'unedémarche de gouvernance alimentaire afin de coordonner les stratégies individuelles dans desstratégies coopératives pour répondre aux enjeux collectifs de développement.Les analyses révèlent les processus de traduction, de transformation et de médiation quiinterviennent au sein des organisations et à leurs frontières. Ces opérations s'avèrentnécessaires aux constructions collectives et aux coordinations des acteurs (humains et objets,individus et collectifs). Nous montrons le rôle des positions intermédiaires dans l'articulationdes stratégies et les capacités d'adaptation et d'innovation. Nous rendons également compte dela diversité et la variabilité des formes relationnelles qui accompagnent ces dynamiques.Menés dans le cadre d'une recherche-action, nos travaux s'inscrivent dans la volonté de coproductionthéorique et empirique. D'un point de vue opérationnel, nous attirons l'attentionsur l'importance des médiations (animations, documents, échanges…) dans les processuscollectifs et coopératifs et de l'indétermination (imprévisibilité) des dynamiques de changement.Nous proposons de tenir compte des réseaux secondaires et d'identifier les acteursintermédiaires (au-delà des représentants formels) dans les analyses de gouvernance alimentaireterritoriale.
Technical Reports
64.
Rega, Carlo; Paracchini, Maria Luisa; Mccraken, Davy; Saba, Andrea; Zavalloni, Matteo; Raggi, Meri; Viaggi, Davide; Britz, Wolfgang; Frappier, Lise
Review of the definitions of the existing ecological approaches Technical Report
2018.
@techreport{Rega2018,
title = {Review of the definitions of the existing ecological approaches},
author = {Carlo Rega and Maria Luisa Paracchini and Davy Mccraken and Andrea Saba and Matteo Zavalloni and Meri Raggi and Davide Viaggi and Wolfgang Britz and Lise Frappier},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790143},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-11},
abstract = {The aim of this present Deliverable 1.1 (D1.1) is to lay the foundation for the development of a framework for farm typologies, which takes into account existing typologies and existing nomenclature (e.g. low-input, organic, extensive, high nature value farming, conservation agriculture, agroecological, etc.) when considering in particular the degree to which farms adopt ecological practices. This early phase of the typology work aims at providing a consolidated framework composed of farming systems and farming practices, and a first screening of which practice is associated with which system. This initial stage will be complemented in further deliverables by indicators and thresholds to link concepts to data and models. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The aim of this present Deliverable 1.1 (D1.1) is to lay the foundation for the development of a framework for farm typologies, which takes into account existing typologies and existing nomenclature (e.g. low-input, organic, extensive, high nature value farming, conservation agriculture, agroecological, etc.) when considering in particular the degree to which farms adopt ecological practices. This early phase of the typology work aims at providing a consolidated framework composed of farming systems and farming practices, and a first screening of which practice is associated with which system. This initial stage will be complemented in further deliverables by indicators and thresholds to link concepts to data and models.
65.
Aubin, Sophie; Huber, Madeleine
eROSA. e-infrastructure Roadmap for Open Science in Agriculture : bibliometric study results Technical Report
INRA, Horizon 2020 2018, (Ref. Ares(2018)3404573).
@techreport{Aubin2018,
title = {eROSA. e-infrastructure Roadmap for Open Science in Agriculture : bibliometric study results},
author = {Sophie Aubin and Madeleine Huber},
url = {https://zenodo.org/record/1305000/files/Bibliometric%20study%20results.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-28},
urldate = {2018-06-28},
institution = {INRA, Horizon 2020},
abstract = {This study highlights the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted at a global scale in order to identify key scientists and associated research performing organisations (e.g. public research institutes, universities, Research & Development departments of private companies) that work in the field of agricultural data sources and services. The added value of such a methodological approach is the resulting ability to provide a detailed answer to the question “who does what?” by collecting, processing, analysing and visualising the metadata1 of related scientific publications. The study focuses on articles that have been published in the past 10 years (i.e. during the period 2005-2015). As such, the analysis is a first attempt at delineating, mapping and describing the scientific community that the e-ROSA project seeks to engage with. It neither aims at being exhaustive nor at providing an evaluation on the scientific excellence of identified stakeholders as this is not the goal of the community-building activity under e-ROSA. The specific objectives of the analysis include:
1 - The identification of scientists and related collaboration networks involved in data science for agriculture in order to initiate further contact while building and engaging with the e-ROSA community throughout the project: e.g. these results provide valuable contacts in the context of the desk surveys that will be carried out under Work Package 1 in order to consolidate and reach out to the community, and in the context of the workshops organised under Work Package 2 that seek community-building and co-design of the e-ROSA Roadmap.
2 - The identification of specific domains related to data and computer science that are of interest to identified scientists (i.e. working on agricultural issues).
3 - The identification of related conferences and journals that the e-ROSA project can target in order to effectively reach out to the relevant communities involved in data science issues related to agriculture.},
note = {Ref. Ares(2018)3404573},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This study highlights the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted at a global scale in order to identify key scientists and associated research performing organisations (e.g. public research institutes, universities, Research & Development departments of private companies) that work in the field of agricultural data sources and services. The added value of such a methodological approach is the resulting ability to provide a detailed answer to the question “who does what?” by collecting, processing, analysing and visualising the metadata1 of related scientific publications. The study focuses on articles that have been published in the past 10 years (i.e. during the period 2005-2015). As such, the analysis is a first attempt at delineating, mapping and describing the scientific community that the e-ROSA project seeks to engage with. It neither aims at being exhaustive nor at providing an evaluation on the scientific excellence of identified stakeholders as this is not the goal of the community-building activity under e-ROSA. The specific objectives of the analysis include:
1 - The identification of scientists and related collaboration networks involved in data science for agriculture in order to initiate further contact while building and engaging with the e-ROSA community throughout the project: e.g. these results provide valuable contacts in the context of the desk surveys that will be carried out under Work Package 1 in order to consolidate and reach out to the community, and in the context of the workshops organised under Work Package 2 that seek community-building and co-design of the e-ROSA Roadmap.
2 - The identification of specific domains related to data and computer science that are of interest to identified scientists (i.e. working on agricultural issues).
3 - The identification of related conferences and journals that the e-ROSA project can target in order to effectively reach out to the relevant communities involved in data science issues related to agriculture.
1 - The identification of scientists and related collaboration networks involved in data science for agriculture in order to initiate further contact while building and engaging with the e-ROSA community throughout the project: e.g. these results provide valuable contacts in the context of the desk surveys that will be carried out under Work Package 1 in order to consolidate and reach out to the community, and in the context of the workshops organised under Work Package 2 that seek community-building and co-design of the e-ROSA Roadmap.
2 - The identification of specific domains related to data and computer science that are of interest to identified scientists (i.e. working on agricultural issues).
3 - The identification of related conferences and journals that the e-ROSA project can target in order to effectively reach out to the relevant communities involved in data science issues related to agriculture.
66.
Moore, Vanessa; Horgan, Gerard; Moore, Rebecca
Understanding the role of culture, gender and communication traditions, and their implications for engagement methodologies, communication and dissemination Technical Report
GoNano, Horizon 2020, European Institute of Women’s Health 2018.
@techreport{Moore2018,
title = {Understanding the role of culture, gender and communication traditions, and their implications for engagement methodologies, communication and dissemination},
author = {Vanessa Moore and Gerard Horgan and Rebecca Moore},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-31},
institution = {GoNano, Horizon 2020, European Institute of Women’s Health },
abstract = {The GoNano -Governing Nanotechnologies though societal engagement-project is a 36-month long project which aims to improve the responsiveness of research and innovation processes to public values and concerns. Part of the GoNano objectives are to create an engagement process which is cognisant of gender, diversity, culture and communication traditions across Europe. This engagement process will inform future nanotechnology development, by ways of public discourse and methodology development, as well as co-creation. In order to adequately align nanotechnology Research and Innovation (R&I) with societal needs, it is important to look at societal issues such as gender, culture, and diversity. These areas of focus present us with an opportunity to get a deeper insight into what motivates opinions, thoughts, needs, values and concerns --are these the same, or are there differences between or within various groups? Does gender have any impact on how values, needs and concerns around nanotechnology are shaped; does demographic diversity influence such concerns? What information and knowledge can we glean from looking into divergences of opinions and differences in discourse? What can we gain from increased awareness and focus on these issues?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The GoNano -Governing Nanotechnologies though societal engagement-project is a 36-month long project which aims to improve the responsiveness of research and innovation processes to public values and concerns. Part of the GoNano objectives are to create an engagement process which is cognisant of gender, diversity, culture and communication traditions across Europe. This engagement process will inform future nanotechnology development, by ways of public discourse and methodology development, as well as co-creation. In order to adequately align nanotechnology Research and Innovation (R&I) with societal needs, it is important to look at societal issues such as gender, culture, and diversity. These areas of focus present us with an opportunity to get a deeper insight into what motivates opinions, thoughts, needs, values and concerns --are these the same, or are there differences between or within various groups? Does gender have any impact on how values, needs and concerns around nanotechnology are shaped; does demographic diversity influence such concerns? What information and knowledge can we glean from looking into divergences of opinions and differences in discourse? What can we gain from increased awareness and focus on these issues?
2017
Journal Articles
67.
Prost, Magali; Prost, Lorène; Cerf, Marianne
Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ? Journal Article
In: Raisons éducatives, no. 1, pp. 129-154, 2017.
@article{prost2017echanges,
title = {Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ?},
author = {Magali Prost and Lorène Prost and Marianne Cerf},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-raisons-educatives-2017-1-page-129.htm},
doi = {10.3917/raised.021.0129},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Raisons éducatives},
number = {1},
pages = {129-154},
publisher = {Université de Genève},
abstract = {Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.
Proceedings Articles
68.
Rizzo, Davide; Marraccini, Elisa; Vitali, Giuliano; Martin, Philippe
What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level? Proceedings Article
In: XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan, pp. 12–14, 2017.
@inproceedings{rizzo2017data,
title = {What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level?},
author = {Davide Rizzo and Elisa Marraccini and Giuliano Vitali and Philippe Martin},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01608845},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6350061},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan},
pages = {12--14},
abstract = {European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level.
PhD Theses
69.
Tari, Thomas
Le domaine des recherches. L’émergence et le développement des bioénergies comme cadre de production de connaissances PhD Thesis
2017, (HAL Id: tel-01430602).
@phdthesis{Tari2017,
title = {Le domaine des recherches. L’émergence et le développement des bioénergies comme cadre de production de connaissances},
author = {Thomas Tari},
url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-01430602v1/file/TARI.pdf
https://theses.hal.science/tel-01430602v1},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-10},
abstract = {Un rattachement ou une formation disciplinaire, pas plus que la relation à des espaces de travail et des instruments spécialisés, ne suffisent seuls à définir une culture scientifique. Ce sur quoi des chercheurs issus d’horizons divers travaillent, construit un mode singulier de conception de leurs activités, pratiques et rapport au monde. Leur réussite est irrémédiablement liée à un sujet, à la fortune que rencontre celui-ci comme innovation dans un contexte social qui le borne et qu’il crée simultanément. Comment s’organise cette (re)conversion vers une nouvelle thématique, alors que l’évolution des modes de financement privilégie aujourd’hui précisément ce cadrage ? Cette thèse propose une enquête sur la notion de « domaine de recherche », que nous définissons a priori comme le cadre des interactions entre l’activité professionnelle de chercheurs et la société autour d’un thème partagé ; elle défend sa dimension épistémique.Ce manuscrit décrit en parallèle le développement des bioénergies, une des principales formes d’énergie dites renouvelables ou encore durables, issue de la biomasse, ses acteurs et leurs jeux d’actions, dans un contexte de forte incitation à conduire une transition énergétique globale, mais aussi de controverses sociales vives. Les deux objectifs de cette thèse convergent :décrire le style de pensée inhérent à un domaine de recherche particulier est nécessaire à l’appréhension, au-delà des seuls discours et promesses, des modes effectifs de développement d’une innovation (ici la mobilisation à grande échelle de végétaux, microorganismes ou déchets pour produire des biocarburants) et donc in fine, à l’évaluation par tout un chacun, de sa pertinence. },
note = {HAL Id: tel-01430602},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Un rattachement ou une formation disciplinaire, pas plus que la relation à des espaces de travail et des instruments spécialisés, ne suffisent seuls à définir une culture scientifique. Ce sur quoi des chercheurs issus d’horizons divers travaillent, construit un mode singulier de conception de leurs activités, pratiques et rapport au monde. Leur réussite est irrémédiablement liée à un sujet, à la fortune que rencontre celui-ci comme innovation dans un contexte social qui le borne et qu’il crée simultanément. Comment s’organise cette (re)conversion vers une nouvelle thématique, alors que l’évolution des modes de financement privilégie aujourd’hui précisément ce cadrage ? Cette thèse propose une enquête sur la notion de « domaine de recherche », que nous définissons a priori comme le cadre des interactions entre l’activité professionnelle de chercheurs et la société autour d’un thème partagé ; elle défend sa dimension épistémique.Ce manuscrit décrit en parallèle le développement des bioénergies, une des principales formes d’énergie dites renouvelables ou encore durables, issue de la biomasse, ses acteurs et leurs jeux d’actions, dans un contexte de forte incitation à conduire une transition énergétique globale, mais aussi de controverses sociales vives. Les deux objectifs de cette thèse convergent :décrire le style de pensée inhérent à un domaine de recherche particulier est nécessaire à l’appréhension, au-delà des seuls discours et promesses, des modes effectifs de développement d’une innovation (ici la mobilisation à grande échelle de végétaux, microorganismes ou déchets pour produire des biocarburants) et donc in fine, à l’évaluation par tout un chacun, de sa pertinence.
2016
Journal Articles
70.
Leblond, Nelly; Trottier, Julie
Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 21-40, 2016.
@article{leblond2016performing,
title = {Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders},
author = {Nelly Leblond and Julie Trottier},
url = {http://www.redgtd.org/CENTRODOC/BD_ARCHIVOS/02_Leblond&Trottier_Global_Models_Food_Regimes&Smallholders_2016.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {21-40},
abstract = {The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.
71.
Cornilleau, Lise
In: Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 171-196, 2016.
@article{Cornilleau2016,
title = {La modélisation économique mondiale, une technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Généalogie, circulations et traductions d’un modèle de la sécurité alimentaire globale de l’IFPRI},
author = {Lise Cornilleau},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.031.0171},
doi = {10.3917/rac.031.0171},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {171-196},
abstract = {Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.},
keywords = {},
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}
Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.
2015
Journal Articles
72.
Ruiz-Martinez, Irune; Marraccini, Elisa; Debolini, Marta; Bonari, Enrico
Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature Journal Article
In: Italian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 74–84, 2015.
@article{ruiz2015indicators,
title = {Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature},
author = {Irune Ruiz-Martinez and Elisa Marraccini and Marta Debolini and Enrico Bonari},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277628},
doi = {10.4081/ija.2015.656},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Italian Journal of Agronomy},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {74--84},
abstract = {Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis on: i) farming systems studied; ii) related ecosystem services; iii) indicators of intensity; and iv) temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Through this two-step analysis we were able to highlight three main research gaps in the AI research indicators. Firstly, the farming systems analysed for assessing AI are often quite simplified or monoculture-oriented, and they do not take the diversity and complex organisation of farming systems into account. Secondly, these studies mainly focus on northern countries or developing countries, whereas there is a gap of knowledge in Mediterranean areas, which are the areas with a high complexity of farming systems and diversity in ecosystem services. Finally, AI is mostly assessed through nitrogen inputs and economic yield, which are used the most both at very local and global levels. Intermediate regional or local levels, which are relevant for policy implementation and local planning, are often neglected. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis on: i) farming systems studied; ii) related ecosystem services; iii) indicators of intensity; and iv) temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Through this two-step analysis we were able to highlight three main research gaps in the AI research indicators. Firstly, the farming systems analysed for assessing AI are often quite simplified or monoculture-oriented, and they do not take the diversity and complex organisation of farming systems into account. Secondly, these studies mainly focus on northern countries or developing countries, whereas there is a gap of knowledge in Mediterranean areas, which are the areas with a high complexity of farming systems and diversity in ecosystem services. Finally, AI is mostly assessed through nitrogen inputs and economic yield, which are used the most both at very local and global levels. Intermediate regional or local levels, which are relevant for policy implementation and local planning, are often neglected.
2014
Journal Articles
73.
Omodei, Elisa; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations Journal Article
In: Revue Sciences/Lettres, no. 2, 2014.
@article{omodei2014modelisation,
title = {Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations},
author = {Elisa Omodei and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://journals.openedition.org/rsl/510},
doi = {10.4000/rsl.510},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue Sciences/Lettres},
number = {2},
publisher = {École normale supérieure},
abstract = {Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).
Conferences
74.
Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Socio-semantic dynamics for digital humanities: Methodology and epistemology of large textual corpora analysis Conference
2014.
@conference{barbier2014sociosemantic,
title = {Socio-semantic dynamics for digital humanities: Methodology and epistemology of large textual corpora analysis},
author = {Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://easst.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/easst2014.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations and social media relationships required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of digital data (texts, archives, structured databases, websites, blogs, etc.). The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge in social sciences and humanities more widely are changed too. New digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues. The aim of this communication is to propose (1) to discuss some of the epistemic problems that surge from the use of digital platforms ambitioning the development of our capacities of enquiry of knowledge production in society; (2) to present the main developments and experience that had been led within the CorTexT plateform as well as their driving principles.},
howpublished = {Communication to the EASST Conference, Torun, Pologne},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations and social media relationships required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of digital data (texts, archives, structured databases, websites, blogs, etc.). The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge in social sciences and humanities more widely are changed too. New digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues. The aim of this communication is to propose (1) to discuss some of the epistemic problems that surge from the use of digital platforms ambitioning the development of our capacities of enquiry of knowledge production in society; (2) to present the main developments and experience that had been led within the CorTexT plateform as well as their driving principles.
PhD Theses
75.
Levain, Alix-Kathleen
Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes PhD Thesis
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2014, (HAL Id : tel-01098682 , version 1).
@phdthesis{Levain2014,
title = {Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes},
author = {Alix-Kathleen Levain},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098682/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
school = {Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle},
abstract = {Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive. },
note = {HAL Id : tel-01098682 , version 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive.
Technical Reports
76.
Tancoigne, Elise; Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Richard, Guy
Les services écosystémiques dans la littérature scientifique : démarche d'exploration et résultats d'analyse : Rapport d'étude pour la phase d'exploration du métaprogramme EcoServ. Technical Report
2014, (hal-01157253 , version 1).
@techreport{Tancoigne2014b,
title = {Les services écosystémiques dans la littérature scientifique : démarche d'exploration et résultats d'analyse : Rapport d'étude pour la phase d'exploration du métaprogramme EcoServ. },
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Guy Richard},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01157253/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
pages = {69},
abstract = {En 2005, le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) a permis de reconnaître l’importance des écosystèmes pour le bien-être humain, ainsi que la diminution d’un certain nombre de services fournis à l’homme par ces mêmes écosystèmes au cours des dernières décennies. L’agriculture est considérée comme responsable de la diminution d’un certain nombre de services, ainsi que de la biodiversité, au profit du seul service d’approvisionnement en nourriture (Carpenter et al., 2009). Elle se trouve donc aujourd’hui plus que jamais confrontée à deux impératifs qui mettent en avant sa multifonctionnalité : garantir la fourniture de biens de consommation (nourriture, bois, eau potable...) et de bénéfices sociaux (e.g. emploi) tout en préservant la capacité des écosystèmes à fournir d’autres services (purification de l’eau, régulation du climat, etc.). EcoServ est un méta-programme de recherche en construction à l’Inra afin qu’y soit développée une recherche inter-disciplinaire sur les services fournis par les écosystèmes continentaux dépendants des activités agricoles et forestières. La présente analyse a été engagée dans le cadre de sa construction, afin de connaître la place des systèmes agricoles dans la littérature sur les services écosystémiques. Ce travail de scientométrie a été guidé par quatre questions principales : quelles sont les disciplines scientifiques impliquées dans cette recherche ? Quels sont les services écosystémiques abordés dans la littérature ? Quels sont les écosystèmes étudiés ? Quelle est la place de l’Inra dans ce paysage ? Le corpus est issu de la base de données bibliographique Web of Science. Il a été construit de manière large afin d’inclure les différents synonymes de la notion de « service écosystémique ». Différentes analyses lexicales ont ensuite été réalisées pour la période postérieure au MEA (2006-2012) à l’aide de la plateforme CorTexT manager de l’Ifris et de R (R Core Team, 2012) : extractions lexicales, catégorisations de termes, calculs de fréquences, cartes de cooccurences. Les termes les plus fréquemment utilisés dans les articles de la période 1975- 2012 sont ecosystem service (39 % des documents indexés), puis ecosystem function (29 %), ecological function (14 %) et environmental service (9 %). Le terme ecosystem function dominera jusqu’en 2007 où il sera supplanté par celui de ecosystem service qui connait une progression exponentielle suite à la publication du MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003, 2005). Ce concept est particulièrement mobilisé par l’écologie et la biologie de la conservation, d’où il tire son origine. Les trois références les plus citées de ce corpus se situent en écologie (Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al., 2005). Les sciences agronomiques utilisent plutôt le terme de « services environnementaux », qui met l’accent sur les services rendus par l’homme à l’environnement. La place de l’Institut dans ce corpus étant très faible (1.5 %) malgré les résultats importants obtenus au cours de l’enquête réalisée début 2013 auprès des départements, il est très probable qu’un grand nombre de services soient étudiés à l’Inra sans que les chercheurs se réclament de cette notion. Le service le plus étudié est celui de production agricole. La majorité des services sont étudiés de manière isolée. Lorsqu’ils sont étudiés conjointement, les services concernés sont majoritairement des services qui agissent en synergie. Les services antagonistes sont très peu étudiés conjointement. Par conséquent, lorsque la notion de trade-off apparait dans la littérature, elle est surtout abordée de manière théorique et programmatique. En outre, elle peut concerner différents niveaux et différents objets : il peut s’agir de faire des compromis entre acteurs, ou bien entre désirs et réalité, ou bien encore entre Environnement et Humanité. Si les écosystèmes forestiers et agricoles sont parmi les écosystèmes les plus étudiés, ils le sont principalement dans leur dimension bio-physique, et très peu dans leur dimension sociale. L’idée d’étudier un socio-écosystème dans son ensemble n’est pas encore mise en oeuvre. Les problématiques de gestion des ressources naturelles sont abordées principalement par des méthodologies de l’économie classique : consentement à payer, évaluations contingentes, etc. Elles sont également très liées à un argumentaire en faveur du développement social. Tout ceci amène à penser qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la gestion des services écosystémiques est avant tout d’ordre programmatique. Cette étude met également en évidence la limite du cadre conceptuel du MEA, limite qui a déjà été pointée à de nombreuses reprises dans la littérature. Ses catégories de service sont en effet de portée limitée pour repérer les services dans la littérature et elles ne permettent pas de détecter les dysservices (entendus ici comme des dysfonctionnements des écosystèmes), qui représentent pourtant une part importante de cette littérature. Cette étude possède également des limites importantes dans la mesure où sa source de données est loin d’être exhaustive et où son travail de catégorisation n’a pas permis de lever certaines ambiguïtés thématiques. Il est en effet souvent difficile de déterminer à partir de la liste de termes s’il s’agit d’un service rendu par les écosystèmes ou d’un service rendu par l’homme (ex. : forest protection). Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que ce concept a peu été saisi par les sciences agronomiques, quand bien même de nombreuses études traitent des milieux agricoles ; qu’il est beaucoup abordé de manière programmatique et sans considérer le socio-écosystème dans son ensemble. Un grand nombre de travaux effectués à l’échelle du paysage incluent les agro-écosystèmes mais ne sont pas réalisés par les sciences agronomiques. Celles-ci ont intérêt à se placer sur ces « approches paysage » qui gagnent une place de plus en plus importante. Le développement d’une recherche intégrée sur la gestion des écosystèmes anthropisés prend donc tout son sens dans ce contexte, et un travail de sensibilisation important sera à réaliser à l’Inra pour familiariser les chercheurs avec la notion de « service écosystémique ». },
note = {hal-01157253 , version 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
En 2005, le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) a permis de reconnaître l’importance des écosystèmes pour le bien-être humain, ainsi que la diminution d’un certain nombre de services fournis à l’homme par ces mêmes écosystèmes au cours des dernières décennies. L’agriculture est considérée comme responsable de la diminution d’un certain nombre de services, ainsi que de la biodiversité, au profit du seul service d’approvisionnement en nourriture (Carpenter et al., 2009). Elle se trouve donc aujourd’hui plus que jamais confrontée à deux impératifs qui mettent en avant sa multifonctionnalité : garantir la fourniture de biens de consommation (nourriture, bois, eau potable...) et de bénéfices sociaux (e.g. emploi) tout en préservant la capacité des écosystèmes à fournir d’autres services (purification de l’eau, régulation du climat, etc.). EcoServ est un méta-programme de recherche en construction à l’Inra afin qu’y soit développée une recherche inter-disciplinaire sur les services fournis par les écosystèmes continentaux dépendants des activités agricoles et forestières. La présente analyse a été engagée dans le cadre de sa construction, afin de connaître la place des systèmes agricoles dans la littérature sur les services écosystémiques. Ce travail de scientométrie a été guidé par quatre questions principales : quelles sont les disciplines scientifiques impliquées dans cette recherche ? Quels sont les services écosystémiques abordés dans la littérature ? Quels sont les écosystèmes étudiés ? Quelle est la place de l’Inra dans ce paysage ? Le corpus est issu de la base de données bibliographique Web of Science. Il a été construit de manière large afin d’inclure les différents synonymes de la notion de « service écosystémique ». Différentes analyses lexicales ont ensuite été réalisées pour la période postérieure au MEA (2006-2012) à l’aide de la plateforme CorTexT manager de l’Ifris et de R (R Core Team, 2012) : extractions lexicales, catégorisations de termes, calculs de fréquences, cartes de cooccurences. Les termes les plus fréquemment utilisés dans les articles de la période 1975- 2012 sont ecosystem service (39 % des documents indexés), puis ecosystem function (29 %), ecological function (14 %) et environmental service (9 %). Le terme ecosystem function dominera jusqu’en 2007 où il sera supplanté par celui de ecosystem service qui connait une progression exponentielle suite à la publication du MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003, 2005). Ce concept est particulièrement mobilisé par l’écologie et la biologie de la conservation, d’où il tire son origine. Les trois références les plus citées de ce corpus se situent en écologie (Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al., 2005). Les sciences agronomiques utilisent plutôt le terme de « services environnementaux », qui met l’accent sur les services rendus par l’homme à l’environnement. La place de l’Institut dans ce corpus étant très faible (1.5 %) malgré les résultats importants obtenus au cours de l’enquête réalisée début 2013 auprès des départements, il est très probable qu’un grand nombre de services soient étudiés à l’Inra sans que les chercheurs se réclament de cette notion. Le service le plus étudié est celui de production agricole. La majorité des services sont étudiés de manière isolée. Lorsqu’ils sont étudiés conjointement, les services concernés sont majoritairement des services qui agissent en synergie. Les services antagonistes sont très peu étudiés conjointement. Par conséquent, lorsque la notion de trade-off apparait dans la littérature, elle est surtout abordée de manière théorique et programmatique. En outre, elle peut concerner différents niveaux et différents objets : il peut s’agir de faire des compromis entre acteurs, ou bien entre désirs et réalité, ou bien encore entre Environnement et Humanité. Si les écosystèmes forestiers et agricoles sont parmi les écosystèmes les plus étudiés, ils le sont principalement dans leur dimension bio-physique, et très peu dans leur dimension sociale. L’idée d’étudier un socio-écosystème dans son ensemble n’est pas encore mise en oeuvre. Les problématiques de gestion des ressources naturelles sont abordées principalement par des méthodologies de l’économie classique : consentement à payer, évaluations contingentes, etc. Elles sont également très liées à un argumentaire en faveur du développement social. Tout ceci amène à penser qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la gestion des services écosystémiques est avant tout d’ordre programmatique. Cette étude met également en évidence la limite du cadre conceptuel du MEA, limite qui a déjà été pointée à de nombreuses reprises dans la littérature. Ses catégories de service sont en effet de portée limitée pour repérer les services dans la littérature et elles ne permettent pas de détecter les dysservices (entendus ici comme des dysfonctionnements des écosystèmes), qui représentent pourtant une part importante de cette littérature. Cette étude possède également des limites importantes dans la mesure où sa source de données est loin d’être exhaustive et où son travail de catégorisation n’a pas permis de lever certaines ambiguïtés thématiques. Il est en effet souvent difficile de déterminer à partir de la liste de termes s’il s’agit d’un service rendu par les écosystèmes ou d’un service rendu par l’homme (ex. : forest protection). Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que ce concept a peu été saisi par les sciences agronomiques, quand bien même de nombreuses études traitent des milieux agricoles ; qu’il est beaucoup abordé de manière programmatique et sans considérer le socio-écosystème dans son ensemble. Un grand nombre de travaux effectués à l’échelle du paysage incluent les agro-écosystèmes mais ne sont pas réalisés par les sciences agronomiques. Celles-ci ont intérêt à se placer sur ces « approches paysage » qui gagnent une place de plus en plus importante. Le développement d’une recherche intégrée sur la gestion des écosystèmes anthropisés prend donc tout son sens dans ce contexte, et un travail de sensibilisation important sera à réaliser à l’Inra pour familiariser les chercheurs avec la notion de « service écosystémique ».
2012
Proceedings Articles
77.
Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Reconstruction of Socio-Semantic Dynamics in Sciences-Society Networks: Methodology and Epistemology of large textual corpora analysis Proceedings Article
In: Science and Democracy Network, Annual Meeting, 2012.
@inproceedings{barbier2012reconstruction,
title = {Reconstruction of Socio-Semantic Dynamics in Sciences-Society Networks: Methodology and Epistemology of large textual corpora analysis},
author = {Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261774173_Reconstruction_of_Socio-Semantic_Dynamics_in_Sciences-Society_Networks_Methodology_and_Epistemology_of_large_textual_corpora_analysis_Communication_to_the_Science_and_Democracy_Network_Annual_Meeting_},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
booktitle = {Science and Democracy Network, Annual Meeting},
abstract = {Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of texts, archives, interviews, etc. The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge from a Science & Technology Studies point of view are changed too, for at least three reasons: • the deluge of electronic sources of data overloads our capacity of enquiry, • S&TS dynamics now intertwine heterogeneous actors, matters of facts and matters of concerns coming from different arenas call for an integrated understanding of knowledge production and circulation. • Nevertheless, new digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of texts, archives, interviews, etc. The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge from a Science & Technology Studies point of view are changed too, for at least three reasons: • the deluge of electronic sources of data overloads our capacity of enquiry, • S&TS dynamics now intertwine heterogeneous actors, matters of facts and matters of concerns coming from different arenas call for an integrated understanding of knowledge production and circulation. • Nevertheless, new digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorTexT Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 1050 authors to trust CorTexT for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorTexT Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
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