2019
Journal Articles
121.
Rikap, Cecilia
Asymmetric Power of the Core: Technological Cooperation and Technological Competition in the Transnational Innovation Networks of Big Pharma Journal Article
In: Review of International Political Economy, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 987-1021, 2019.
@article{Rikap2019,
title = {Asymmetric Power of the Core: Technological Cooperation and Technological Competition in the Transnational Innovation Networks of Big Pharma},
author = {Cecilia Rikap},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309},
doi = {10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-26},
urldate = {2019-06-26},
journal = {Review of International Political Economy},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {987-1021},
abstract = {This article theoretically and empirically analyzes leader corporations’ innovation processes in contemporary capitalism. We highlight three characteristics: their transnational scope, the primacy of power or asymmetric relations exercised by leaders over the participants of their innovation circuits or networks, and the relevance of what we called technological competition and technological cooperation between leaders. Focusing on the latter, our theoretical contribution integrates the concepts of innovation circuit, global innovation network and modularity of knowledge production in order to elaborate a preliminary model for synthesizing leader’s technological competition and collaboration behaviors. This model is the general framework used for studying three big pharma’s innovation networks (Roche, Novartis and Pfizer). In particular, we study those networks by considering two outputs: scientific publications and patents. Network maps are constructed based on institutions’ co-occurrences, thus looking at who is co-authoring their publications and co-owning these corporations’ patents. We find that big pharmaceuticals co-produce together mainly generic knowledge modules, thus develop a strong technological cooperation. Simultaneously, to succeed in their technological competition they outsource stages of their innovation networks to subordinate institutions that, even if they contribute to achieve the innovation, will not be co-owners of the resulting patents, while big pharmaceuticals enjoy associated innovation rents.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article theoretically and empirically analyzes leader corporations’ innovation processes in contemporary capitalism. We highlight three characteristics: their transnational scope, the primacy of power or asymmetric relations exercised by leaders over the participants of their innovation circuits or networks, and the relevance of what we called technological competition and technological cooperation between leaders. Focusing on the latter, our theoretical contribution integrates the concepts of innovation circuit, global innovation network and modularity of knowledge production in order to elaborate a preliminary model for synthesizing leader’s technological competition and collaboration behaviors. This model is the general framework used for studying three big pharma’s innovation networks (Roche, Novartis and Pfizer). In particular, we study those networks by considering two outputs: scientific publications and patents. Network maps are constructed based on institutions’ co-occurrences, thus looking at who is co-authoring their publications and co-owning these corporations’ patents. We find that big pharmaceuticals co-produce together mainly generic knowledge modules, thus develop a strong technological cooperation. Simultaneously, to succeed in their technological competition they outsource stages of their innovation networks to subordinate institutions that, even if they contribute to achieve the innovation, will not be co-owners of the resulting patents, while big pharmaceuticals enjoy associated innovation rents.
122.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara; Dedieu, Benoît
Characteristics of “work in agriculture” scientific communities. A bibliometric review Journal Article
In: Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol. 39, no. 36, 2019.
@article{Malanski2019b,
title = {Characteristics of “work in agriculture” scientific communities. A bibliometric review},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi and Benoît Dedieu },
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-019-0582-2},
doi = {10.1007/s13593-019-0582-2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-19},
urldate = {2019-06-19},
journal = {Agronomy for Sustainable Development},
volume = {39},
number = {36},
abstract = {Work is a central concern for sustainable farming systems and rural communities, especially regarding specific issues of the agricultural sector, as the strong decrease in rural employment and the less attractive working conditions. Many articles covering diverse related topics have been published. However, the few studies analyzing the state of worldwide scientific research on work in agriculture give only a fragmented view, since they focus on specialized topics and disciplines. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of this study was to review the state of research on work in agriculture addressed by the scientific literature, through a bibliometric analysis by country, institution, journal, author, and keywords. Our main finds are that (1) work in agriculture issues is divided into six main research domains: occupational health and safety, labor market and rural employment, labor and farm sustainability, work organization, agricultural policy and agrarian changes, and labor and family farms; (2) these research domains are analyzed by five scientific communities: ergonomics, agricultural economics, livestock farming systems, rural sociology, and agricultural policy; (3) the reference authors, most-cited articles, and main journals were identified for each scientific community; (4) USA, France, and China arise as leaders in the scientific landscape. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities worldwide that have performed the most relevant research related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review provides a benchmark for future research on agricultural work-related topics and encourages collaborations between researchers from different scientific communities for interdisciplinary innovation, which support sustainable working conditions in agriculture.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Work is a central concern for sustainable farming systems and rural communities, especially regarding specific issues of the agricultural sector, as the strong decrease in rural employment and the less attractive working conditions. Many articles covering diverse related topics have been published. However, the few studies analyzing the state of worldwide scientific research on work in agriculture give only a fragmented view, since they focus on specialized topics and disciplines. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of this study was to review the state of research on work in agriculture addressed by the scientific literature, through a bibliometric analysis by country, institution, journal, author, and keywords. Our main finds are that (1) work in agriculture issues is divided into six main research domains: occupational health and safety, labor market and rural employment, labor and farm sustainability, work organization, agricultural policy and agrarian changes, and labor and family farms; (2) these research domains are analyzed by five scientific communities: ergonomics, agricultural economics, livestock farming systems, rural sociology, and agricultural policy; (3) the reference authors, most-cited articles, and main journals were identified for each scientific community; (4) USA, France, and China arise as leaders in the scientific landscape. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities worldwide that have performed the most relevant research related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review provides a benchmark for future research on agricultural work-related topics and encourages collaborations between researchers from different scientific communities for interdisciplinary innovation, which support sustainable working conditions in agriculture.
123.
Noël, Marianne
In: Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi, vol. Volume LIII 1 - 2019, pp. 141-180, 2019, ISSN: 2532-4969, (Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi : an Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics, History and Political Science).
@article{Noël2019,
title = {'Made in Europe for the World': Making a Claim for a European Chemistry in Publication Programs. The Case of the Supramolecular Chemistry (1987-2005)},
author = {Marianne Noël},
url = {http://www.annalsfondazioneluigieinaudi.it/en/browse/current-issue/6-volume-liii-1/87-made-in-europe-for-the-world-making-a-claim-for-a-european-chemistry-in-publication-programs.-the-case-of-the-supramolecular-chemistry-1987-2005
https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/4546060#page=149},
doi = {10.26331/1075},
issn = {2532-4969},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-01},
urldate = {2019-06-01},
journal = {Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi},
volume = {Volume LIII 1 - 2019},
pages = {141-180},
abstract = {The University of Strasbourg is the birthplace of a research specialty (supramolecular chemistry or SMC) which has grown considerably in the last 40 years and has had a significant scientific impact. The emergence of SMC was orchestrated to a large extent by Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Lehn, but a network of scientists, as well as the University and the Alsace Region, were also key players in this regard. Lehn was instrumental in the creation of a series of European chemistry journals in the late 1990s, whose genealogy I trace. My purpose is to examine the conditions of the success of a case of European integration that is not a major technological program but simply a “publication infrastructure”. Based on an historical analysis completed with a fieldwork study, I argue that the circulation and appropriation of concepts and languages of the SMC were central in the development of a European “publication program”. I show that this program created a sense of Europeanness that was also shaped in relation to the extra-European world, both in opposition (standing against the USA) and yet open to the world, as illustrated in the motto “Made in Europe for the world”.},
note = {Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi : an Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics, History and Political Science},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The University of Strasbourg is the birthplace of a research specialty (supramolecular chemistry or SMC) which has grown considerably in the last 40 years and has had a significant scientific impact. The emergence of SMC was orchestrated to a large extent by Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Lehn, but a network of scientists, as well as the University and the Alsace Region, were also key players in this regard. Lehn was instrumental in the creation of a series of European chemistry journals in the late 1990s, whose genealogy I trace. My purpose is to examine the conditions of the success of a case of European integration that is not a major technological program but simply a “publication infrastructure”. Based on an historical analysis completed with a fieldwork study, I argue that the circulation and appropriation of concepts and languages of the SMC were central in the development of a European “publication program”. I show that this program created a sense of Europeanness that was also shaped in relation to the extra-European world, both in opposition (standing against the USA) and yet open to the world, as illustrated in the motto “Made in Europe for the world”.
124.
Shen, Lining; Wang, Shimin; Dai, Wei; Zhang, Zhiguo
Detecting the Interdisciplinary Nature and Topic Hotspots of Robotics in Surgery: Social Network Analysis and Bibliometric Study Journal Article
In: Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 21, no. 3, 2019.
@article{Shen2019,
title = {Detecting the Interdisciplinary Nature and Topic Hotspots of Robotics in Surgery: Social Network Analysis and Bibliometric Study},
author = {Lining Shen and Shimin Wang and Wei Dai and Zhiguo Zhang},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.2196/12625},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-19},
urldate = {2019-03-19},
journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
abstract = {Background: With the widespread application of a robot to surgery, growing literature related to robotics in surgery (RS) documents widespread concerns from scientific researchers worldwide. Although such application is helpful to considerably improve the accuracy of surgery, we still lack the understanding of the multidiscipline-crossing status and topic distribution related to RS. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the interdisciplinary nature and topic hotspots on RS by analyzing the current publication outputs related to RS. Methods: The authors collected publications related to RS in the last 21 years, indexed by the Web of Science Core Collection. Various bibliometric methods and tools were used, including literature distribution analysis at the country and institution level and interdisciplinary collaboration analysis in the different periods of time. Co-word analysis was performed based on the keywords with high frequency. The temporal visualization bar presented the evolution of topics over time. Results: A total of 7732 bibliographic records related to RS were identified. The United States plays a leading role in the publication output related to RS, followed by Italy and Germany. It should be noted that the Yonsei University in South Korea published the highest number of RS-related publications. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary collaboration is uneven; the number of disciplines involved in each paper dropped from the initial 1.60 to the current 1.31. Surgery; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging; and Neurosciences and Neurology are the 4 core disciplines in the field of RS, all of which have extensive cooperation with other disciplines. The distribution of topic hotspots is in imbalanced status, which can be categorized into 7 clusters. Moreover, 3 areas about the evolution of topic were identified, namely (1) the exploration of techniques that make RS implemented, (2) rapid development of robotic systems and related applications in surgery, and (3) application of a robot to excision of tissues or organs targeted at various specific diseases. Conclusions: This study provided important insights into the interdisciplinary nature related to RS, which indicates that the researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds should strengthen cooperation to publish a high-quality output. The research topic hotspots related to RS are relatively scattered, which has begun to turn to the application of RS targeted at specific diseases. Our study is helpful to provide a potential guide to the direction of the field of RS for future research in the field of RS.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: With the widespread application of a robot to surgery, growing literature related to robotics in surgery (RS) documents widespread concerns from scientific researchers worldwide. Although such application is helpful to considerably improve the accuracy of surgery, we still lack the understanding of the multidiscipline-crossing status and topic distribution related to RS. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the interdisciplinary nature and topic hotspots on RS by analyzing the current publication outputs related to RS. Methods: The authors collected publications related to RS in the last 21 years, indexed by the Web of Science Core Collection. Various bibliometric methods and tools were used, including literature distribution analysis at the country and institution level and interdisciplinary collaboration analysis in the different periods of time. Co-word analysis was performed based on the keywords with high frequency. The temporal visualization bar presented the evolution of topics over time. Results: A total of 7732 bibliographic records related to RS were identified. The United States plays a leading role in the publication output related to RS, followed by Italy and Germany. It should be noted that the Yonsei University in South Korea published the highest number of RS-related publications. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary collaboration is uneven; the number of disciplines involved in each paper dropped from the initial 1.60 to the current 1.31. Surgery; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging; and Neurosciences and Neurology are the 4 core disciplines in the field of RS, all of which have extensive cooperation with other disciplines. The distribution of topic hotspots is in imbalanced status, which can be categorized into 7 clusters. Moreover, 3 areas about the evolution of topic were identified, namely (1) the exploration of techniques that make RS implemented, (2) rapid development of robotic systems and related applications in surgery, and (3) application of a robot to excision of tissues or organs targeted at various specific diseases. Conclusions: This study provided important insights into the interdisciplinary nature related to RS, which indicates that the researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds should strengthen cooperation to publish a high-quality output. The research topic hotspots related to RS are relatively scattered, which has begun to turn to the application of RS targeted at specific diseases. Our study is helpful to provide a potential guide to the direction of the field of RS for future research in the field of RS.
125.
Tancoigne, Elise; Baudry, Jérôme
La tête dans les étoiles ? Faire sens de l’engagement dans le projet de science participative SETI@home Journal Article
In: Réseaux, vol. 214-215, pp. 109-140, 2019.
@article{Tancoigne2019,
title = {La tête dans les étoiles ? Faire sens de l’engagement dans le projet de science participative SETI@home},
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Jérôme Baudry},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2019-2-page-109.htm},
doi = {10.3917/res.214.0109},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-01},
urldate = {2019-02-01},
journal = {Réseaux},
volume = {214-215},
pages = {109-140},
abstract = {De plus en plus de personnes participent à des projets de recherche via des plateformes de sciences participatives (citizen sciences) en ligne, dont les promesses d’éducation, de démocratisation et de production renouvelée des savoirs rencontreraient un public de profanes avides de science. En prenant l’exemple du projet d’astronomie SETI@home, lancé en 1999 et souvent cité comme pionnier des citizen sciences en ligne, nous partons des traces textuelles (profils, messages de forums) laissées en ligne par les participants pour explorer comment ils mettent en scène leur identité et font sens de leur engagement. Loin du « public imaginé » par les concepteurs des projets de citizen sciences se dessine alors l’image d’une communauté très hétérogène, moins intéressée par la science que par le dispositif même de mise en réseau des participants et de leurs ordinateurs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De plus en plus de personnes participent à des projets de recherche via des plateformes de sciences participatives (citizen sciences) en ligne, dont les promesses d’éducation, de démocratisation et de production renouvelée des savoirs rencontreraient un public de profanes avides de science. En prenant l’exemple du projet d’astronomie SETI@home, lancé en 1999 et souvent cité comme pionnier des citizen sciences en ligne, nous partons des traces textuelles (profils, messages de forums) laissées en ligne par les participants pour explorer comment ils mettent en scène leur identité et font sens de leur engagement. Loin du « public imaginé » par les concepteurs des projets de citizen sciences se dessine alors l’image d’une communauté très hétérogène, moins intéressée par la science que par le dispositif même de mise en réseau des participants et de leurs ordinateurs.
Conferences
126.
Lascialfari, Matteo; Anton, Marc; Larre, Colette; Nguyen-The, Christophe; Micard, Val'erie; Amiot-Carlin, Marie-Josephe; Walrand, St'ephane; Arvisenet, Ga"elle; Leiser, Hugues; Chardigny, Jean-Michel; Cabanac, Guillaume
Dynamiques des connaissances et des innovations dans les sciences alimentaires sur les légumineuses : une analyse mondiale des publications scientifiques Conference
2e Rencontres francophones sur les légumineuses (RFL 2018), INRA Editions, Toulouse, France, 2019, (hal-02191782).
@conference{Lascialfari2019,
title = {Dynamiques des connaissances et des innovations dans les sciences alimentaires sur les légumineuses : une analyse mondiale des publications scientifiques},
author = {Matteo Lascialfari and Marc Anton and Colette Larre and Christophe Nguyen-The and Val{'e}rie Micard and Marie-Josephe Amiot-Carlin and St{'e}phane Walrand and Ga{"e}lle Arvisenet and Hugues Leiser and Jean-Michel Chardigny and Guillaume Cabanac},
url = {http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/22512},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-10},
urldate = {2019-07-10},
booktitle = {2e Rencontres francophones sur les légumineuses (RFL 2018)},
publisher = {INRA Editions},
address = {Toulouse, France},
abstract = {Construction d’un Corpus Bibliométrique avec des experts des Sciences de l’alimentation et de l’Information scientifique},
note = {hal-02191782},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Construction d’un Corpus Bibliométrique avec des experts des Sciences de l’alimentation et de l’Information scientifique
Book Chapters
127.
Kachani, Alexandra Struk
Familles et Trouble du spectre de l'autisme Book Chapter
In: Chapter 2, Dunod, 2019.
@inbook{Struck-Kachani2019,
title = {Familles et Trouble du spectre de l'autisme},
author = {Alexandra Struk Kachani},
url = {https://www.dunod.com/sciences-humaines-et-sociales/familles-et-trouble-du-spectre-autisme},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-01},
publisher = {Dunod},
chapter = {2},
abstract = {Le Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA) représente la deuxième pathologie neuro-developpementale la plus fréquente chez l’enfant. Ce handicap, présent tout au long de la vie, a des conséquences majeures sur le fonctionnement de la personne, mais aussi sur l’entourage familial et notamment les parents. Alors qu’il est fréquent d’entendre parler du « retard français » dans le champ de l’autisme, cet ouvrage recense de façon inédite des travaux de recherche nationaux sur les problématiques rencontrées par les familles afin de mieux les comprendre et les accompagner.
Il met en lumière les évolutions sociales de la place des familles de personnes avec un TSA (parents, couple, fratrie, grands-parents), leurs besoins et adaptation au quotidien, le partenariat parents-professionnels et enfin les dispositifs de soutien et d’accompagnement. Il donne également la parole à des professionnels et chercheurs, œuvrant sur l’ensemble du territoire français, mais aussi à des familles et associations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Le Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA) représente la deuxième pathologie neuro-developpementale la plus fréquente chez l’enfant. Ce handicap, présent tout au long de la vie, a des conséquences majeures sur le fonctionnement de la personne, mais aussi sur l’entourage familial et notamment les parents. Alors qu’il est fréquent d’entendre parler du « retard français » dans le champ de l’autisme, cet ouvrage recense de façon inédite des travaux de recherche nationaux sur les problématiques rencontrées par les familles afin de mieux les comprendre et les accompagner.
Il met en lumière les évolutions sociales de la place des familles de personnes avec un TSA (parents, couple, fratrie, grands-parents), leurs besoins et adaptation au quotidien, le partenariat parents-professionnels et enfin les dispositifs de soutien et d’accompagnement. Il donne également la parole à des professionnels et chercheurs, œuvrant sur l’ensemble du territoire français, mais aussi à des familles et associations.
Il met en lumière les évolutions sociales de la place des familles de personnes avec un TSA (parents, couple, fratrie, grands-parents), leurs besoins et adaptation au quotidien, le partenariat parents-professionnels et enfin les dispositifs de soutien et d’accompagnement. Il donne également la parole à des professionnels et chercheurs, œuvrant sur l’ensemble du territoire français, mais aussi à des familles et associations.
Proceedings Articles
128.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
As tendencias da pesquisa internacional sobre trabalho na agricultura Proceedings Article
In: III Simpósio de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração – PPA/UEM, 2019.
@inproceedings{Malanski2019,
title = {As tendencias da pesquisa internacional sobre trabalho na agricultura},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi },
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02788576
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02788576/document},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-26},
booktitle = {III Simpósio de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração – PPA/UEM},
series = {SimPPA},
abstract = {A agricultura é o setor onde a maioria das pessoas economicamente ativas trabalham no mundo. Contudo, observa-se uma forte queda no emprego rural mundial ligada às significativas transformações na agricultura, desde as mudanças técnicas na produção agrícola até as dinâmicas do mercado de trabalho. O primeiro simpósio internacional sobre trabalho na agricultura foi realizado para discutir tais transformações e seu impacto sobre o trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as tendências da pesquisa internacional multidisciplinar sobre trabalho na agricultura através da análise textual dos artigos apresentados neste simpósio. Os resultados mostram os quatro temas principais e os cinco campos disciplinares em destaque nas pesquisas atuais sobre trabalho na agricultura.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A agricultura é o setor onde a maioria das pessoas economicamente ativas trabalham no mundo. Contudo, observa-se uma forte queda no emprego rural mundial ligada às significativas transformações na agricultura, desde as mudanças técnicas na produção agrícola até as dinâmicas do mercado de trabalho. O primeiro simpósio internacional sobre trabalho na agricultura foi realizado para discutir tais transformações e seu impacto sobre o trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as tendências da pesquisa internacional multidisciplinar sobre trabalho na agricultura através da análise textual dos artigos apresentados neste simpósio. Os resultados mostram os quatro temas principais e os cinco campos disciplinares em destaque nas pesquisas atuais sobre trabalho na agricultura.
Online
129.
Gauld, Christophe
Mining big data about representations of autism spectrum disorder : a comparison from Twitter to PubMed, a TwiMed proof-of-concept Online
2019.
@online{Gauld2019b,
title = {Mining big data about representations of autism spectrum disorder : a comparison from Twitter to PubMed, a TwiMed proof-of-concept},
author = {Christophe Gauld},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337289960_Mining_big_data_about_representations_of_autism_spectrum_disorder_a_comparison_from_Twitter_to_PubMed_a_TwiMed_proof-of-concept},
doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.20575.61604},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-15},
abstract = {Aim: Twitter is the most commonly used social media forum in public health and is considered the radio of the internet. Many health providers utilize this media to disseminate health information. Patient use of social media for mental health topics encourages providers to disseminate quality information and to develop virtual collaborative learning environments. Such social media could also be seen as a reflection of a trend towards folk psychology. This study explored trends in health information exchanged by users of Twitter, a broad social media, through analyses of tweets about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This proxy of trends in folk psychology could be compared semantically with the corpus derived from biomedical research. Methods: At first, we conducted a text-mining analysis with a sample of 10,000 tweets posted using #autism, by a text-mining method. We built a network of words in order to extract the main dimensions about these data (Latent Dirichlet Analysis). Second, we performed a geocoding analysis to create a Twitter maps of social media tweet and checked the regularity of tweets in the short and medium term. In parallel, we performed a text-mining analysis using the platform PubMed with the term « autis* », and we built networks of words. For each of them, we extracted the main dimensions from the terms. Results: We were able to retrieve 121,556 terms related to the term #autism. Most tweets focus on five dimensions: (1) Education, (2) Childhood, (3) Environment/Relatives, (4) Techniques/Sciences and (5) Support. Concerning the most researched topics in the biomedical research, on 49,021 publications, we found four dimensions: (I) Clinical/Neuropsychology/Psychometry, (II) Behavioral/Language aspects, (III) Neuroscience/Neurogenetics/Neuropharmacology, (IV) Comorbidities. Conclusion: Results suggest thematics about ASD disseminated between a social media and a biomedical database are really different. Health providers are encouraged to establish a presence on social media to learn about representations, share scholarly work or just exchange information with patients and relatives concerned by ASD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Aim: Twitter is the most commonly used social media forum in public health and is considered the radio of the internet. Many health providers utilize this media to disseminate health information. Patient use of social media for mental health topics encourages providers to disseminate quality information and to develop virtual collaborative learning environments. Such social media could also be seen as a reflection of a trend towards folk psychology. This study explored trends in health information exchanged by users of Twitter, a broad social media, through analyses of tweets about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This proxy of trends in folk psychology could be compared semantically with the corpus derived from biomedical research. Methods: At first, we conducted a text-mining analysis with a sample of 10,000 tweets posted using #autism, by a text-mining method. We built a network of words in order to extract the main dimensions about these data (Latent Dirichlet Analysis). Second, we performed a geocoding analysis to create a Twitter maps of social media tweet and checked the regularity of tweets in the short and medium term. In parallel, we performed a text-mining analysis using the platform PubMed with the term « autis* », and we built networks of words. For each of them, we extracted the main dimensions from the terms. Results: We were able to retrieve 121,556 terms related to the term #autism. Most tweets focus on five dimensions: (1) Education, (2) Childhood, (3) Environment/Relatives, (4) Techniques/Sciences and (5) Support. Concerning the most researched topics in the biomedical research, on 49,021 publications, we found four dimensions: (I) Clinical/Neuropsychology/Psychometry, (II) Behavioral/Language aspects, (III) Neuroscience/Neurogenetics/Neuropharmacology, (IV) Comorbidities. Conclusion: Results suggest thematics about ASD disseminated between a social media and a biomedical database are really different. Health providers are encouraged to establish a presence on social media to learn about representations, share scholarly work or just exchange information with patients and relatives concerned by ASD.
130.
Thorsen, Ann-Sofie; Kamstrup, Jeppe; de Neergaard, Rasmus; van den Heuvel., Johannes
Mapping Controversies: Abortion Debate (Wikipedia & arenas for debate) Online
2019, visited: 05.03.2019.
@online{Thorsen2019,
title = {Mapping Controversies: Abortion Debate (Wikipedia & arenas for debate)},
author = {Ann-Sofie Thorsen and Jeppe Kamstrup and Rasmus de Neergaard and Johannes van den Heuvel.},
url = {https://towardsdatascience.com/mapping-controversies-abortion-debate-7235029fc6d9},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-15},
urldate = {2019-03-05},
journal = {Medium},
series = {Towards Data Sciences},
abstract = {The discussion surrounding this subject is one that has been around since the act of abortion became a possibility. While it is often easy to find the controversy outside in the real world, we went to Wikipedia to investigate how an online encyclopaedia that pursues neutrality would present it. Through the use of digital methods and harvesting online data we investigate how the abortion debate unfolds itself in the arena of Wikipedia. Our finding perhaps shows us more about how Wikipedia and the Anglo-American world functions when it tries to settle controversial topics in society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The discussion surrounding this subject is one that has been around since the act of abortion became a possibility. While it is often easy to find the controversy outside in the real world, we went to Wikipedia to investigate how an online encyclopaedia that pursues neutrality would present it. Through the use of digital methods and harvesting online data we investigate how the abortion debate unfolds itself in the arena of Wikipedia. Our finding perhaps shows us more about how Wikipedia and the Anglo-American world functions when it tries to settle controversial topics in society.
131.
Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
2019.
@online{Barbier2019,
title = {Using the CorTexT-Risis Platform for Research in Science-Policy-Studies and Science-Technology-Studies},
author = {Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://zenodo.org/records/2560351
},
doi = {https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.2560350},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-08},
abstract = {The objective of the course is to introduce participants to the uses of the RISIS.CorTexT platform, a research facility in S&T Studies proposed under the RISIS Infrastructure Project. Thanks to short lectures, demos, workshop and practical training participants should get enough skills to develop research work on various types of Data Base that trace science and innovation dynamics. Existing RISIS databases will be mobilized (like Patstat, Web of Science, Corporate Invention Board, EUPRO and others) and possibly other datasets that participants could bring.
The course will focus on three majors inputs:
• An overall view of the scientific and technological landscape of platforms of Digital Humanities and a synthesis of the key heuristics that ground the Platform.
• A step by step demonstration of how to use the CorTexT.Risis Platform
• A learning-by-doing approach of using the various potentialities of the RISIS.CorTexT platform.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The objective of the course is to introduce participants to the uses of the RISIS.CorTexT platform, a research facility in S&T Studies proposed under the RISIS Infrastructure Project. Thanks to short lectures, demos, workshop and practical training participants should get enough skills to develop research work on various types of Data Base that trace science and innovation dynamics. Existing RISIS databases will be mobilized (like Patstat, Web of Science, Corporate Invention Board, EUPRO and others) and possibly other datasets that participants could bring.
The course will focus on three majors inputs:
• An overall view of the scientific and technological landscape of platforms of Digital Humanities and a synthesis of the key heuristics that ground the Platform.
• A step by step demonstration of how to use the CorTexT.Risis Platform
• A learning-by-doing approach of using the various potentialities of the RISIS.CorTexT platform.
The course will focus on three majors inputs:
• An overall view of the scientific and technological landscape of platforms of Digital Humanities and a synthesis of the key heuristics that ground the Platform.
• A step by step demonstration of how to use the CorTexT.Risis Platform
• A learning-by-doing approach of using the various potentialities of the RISIS.CorTexT platform.
PhD Theses
132.
Lerner, Celina
A mentalidade conservadora no Brasil: uma análise da interação política em redes sociais digitais PhD Thesis
PCHS/UFABC (Programa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais / Universidade Federal do ABC), 2019.
@phdthesis{Lerner2019,
title = {A mentalidade conservadora no Brasil: uma análise da interação política em redes sociais digitais},
author = {Celina Lerner},
url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3227644
https://bdtd.ibict.br/vufind/Record/UFBC_ffb4886564e028758ad091d0cecca37e},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3227643},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-24},
urldate = {2019-05-24},
school = {PCHS/UFABC (Programa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais / Universidade Federal do ABC)},
abstract = {Expressões conservadoras despontaram com força nas redes sociais na Internet, nas ruas e nas urnas em diversas partes do globo nesta segunda década do século XXI. Com foco na manifestação brasileira do fenômeno, este trabalho analisa interações sobre política na rede social digital Facebook entre os anos de 2012 e 2018, período de grande turbulência na política brasileira que culmina com a ascensão do governo nacional mais conservador desde a redemocratização. O objetivo principal do trabalho é realizar uma descrição densa da mentalidade conservadora: identificar os recursos simbólicos mobilizados na construção de sentidos pela base social dessa atual corrente política. Utilizando uma abordagem abdutiva e métodos mistos para a análise de grandes quantidades de dados sociais digitais, resgatamos os princípios da Sociologia do Conhecimento ao enfocar o pensamento como um objeto social de caráter coletivo. Mapeamos uma grande rede de Páginas Públicas ligadas ao conservadorismo no Facebook e descobrimos que atores da esfera política, religiosa, militar, midiática e defensores da economia liberal articularam-se em torno da bandeira anti-esquerdista. Selecionamos páginas representativas das diferentes frentes dessa articulação e coletamos comentários realizados em suas postagens nesses seis anos, num total de mais de 900 mil comentários. Abordando textos como dados, aplicamos um modelo de representação de textos em redes de palavras. Pela análise dessas redes semânticas, identificamos os principais elementos e operadores da mentalidade conservadora latente nas interações no Facebook. A mentalidade que emergiu dos comentários tem Brasil, Deus e homem - com mulher e crianças - como elementos centrais. Esses elementos positivos estabelecem entre si relações de proteção e subserviência. Fora desse núcleo central, estão os elementos negativos - comunistas, petistas, esquerdistas, vagabundos, corruptos, feministas e gays -, entendidos como ameaças e com os quais a única relação possível é o combate por meio da força},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Expressões conservadoras despontaram com força nas redes sociais na Internet, nas ruas e nas urnas em diversas partes do globo nesta segunda década do século XXI. Com foco na manifestação brasileira do fenômeno, este trabalho analisa interações sobre política na rede social digital Facebook entre os anos de 2012 e 2018, período de grande turbulência na política brasileira que culmina com a ascensão do governo nacional mais conservador desde a redemocratização. O objetivo principal do trabalho é realizar uma descrição densa da mentalidade conservadora: identificar os recursos simbólicos mobilizados na construção de sentidos pela base social dessa atual corrente política. Utilizando uma abordagem abdutiva e métodos mistos para a análise de grandes quantidades de dados sociais digitais, resgatamos os princípios da Sociologia do Conhecimento ao enfocar o pensamento como um objeto social de caráter coletivo. Mapeamos uma grande rede de Páginas Públicas ligadas ao conservadorismo no Facebook e descobrimos que atores da esfera política, religiosa, militar, midiática e defensores da economia liberal articularam-se em torno da bandeira anti-esquerdista. Selecionamos páginas representativas das diferentes frentes dessa articulação e coletamos comentários realizados em suas postagens nesses seis anos, num total de mais de 900 mil comentários. Abordando textos como dados, aplicamos um modelo de representação de textos em redes de palavras. Pela análise dessas redes semânticas, identificamos os principais elementos e operadores da mentalidade conservadora latente nas interações no Facebook. A mentalidade que emergiu dos comentários tem Brasil, Deus e homem - com mulher e crianças - como elementos centrais. Esses elementos positivos estabelecem entre si relações de proteção e subserviência. Fora desse núcleo central, estão os elementos negativos - comunistas, petistas, esquerdistas, vagabundos, corruptos, feministas e gays -, entendidos como ameaças e com os quais a única relação possível é o combate por meio da força
Technical Reports
133.
Didier, Emmanuel
Les jeux d’acteurs et la quantification des intérêts économiques autour de la gestion des matières et déchets nucléaires Technical Report
2019, (Rapport d’expertise remis à la Commission Nationale du Débat Public dans le cadre du débat sur le Plan National de Gestion des Matières et Déchets Radioactifs.).
@techreport{Didier2019,
title = {Les jeux d’acteurs et la quantification des intérêts économiques autour de la gestion des matières et déchets nucléaires},
author = {Emmanuel Didier},
url = {https://www.debatpublic.fr/sites/default/files/2021-04/Jeux%20d_acteurs%20PNGMDR%20Rapport%20Emmanuel%20Didier.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-29},
urldate = {2019-11-29},
abstract = {La Commission nationale du débat public (CNDP) est une autorité administrative indépendante créée en 1995 pour garantir le droit à l'information et à la participation des citoyens dans le domaine de l'environnement. Par une décision du 4 avril 2018, la CNDP a décidé que l’élaboration de la cinquième édition du Plan national de gestion des matières et déchets radioactifs ferait l’objet d’un débat public.
Lors des travaux préparatoires à l’organisation de ce débat public, les associations environnementales auditionnées ont souhaité que le public puisse être éclairé sur le système d’acteurs dans le secteur du nucléaire. Ils ont considéré qu’une étude indépendante était nécessaire pour identifier les intérêts économiques, financiers et sociaux qui influencent leurs positions et décisions. Par décision du 6 février 2019, la Commission nationale du débat public a décidé, sur proposition de la Commission particulière, d’engager une expertise complémentaire sur « les jeux d’acteurs et la quantification des intérêts économiques autour du nucléaire », plus particulièrement autour de la gestion des matières et déchets radioactifs.
L’expert a été missionné le 28 juillet 2019 ; le rapport devant être rendu le 29 novembre de la même année.},
howpublished = {Rapport d’expertise remis à la Commission Nationale du Débat Public dans le cadre du débat sur le Plan National de Gestion des Matières et Déchets Radioactifs.},
note = {Rapport d’expertise remis à la Commission Nationale du Débat Public dans le cadre du débat sur le Plan National de Gestion des Matières et Déchets Radioactifs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
La Commission nationale du débat public (CNDP) est une autorité administrative indépendante créée en 1995 pour garantir le droit à l'information et à la participation des citoyens dans le domaine de l'environnement. Par une décision du 4 avril 2018, la CNDP a décidé que l’élaboration de la cinquième édition du Plan national de gestion des matières et déchets radioactifs ferait l’objet d’un débat public.
Lors des travaux préparatoires à l’organisation de ce débat public, les associations environnementales auditionnées ont souhaité que le public puisse être éclairé sur le système d’acteurs dans le secteur du nucléaire. Ils ont considéré qu’une étude indépendante était nécessaire pour identifier les intérêts économiques, financiers et sociaux qui influencent leurs positions et décisions. Par décision du 6 février 2019, la Commission nationale du débat public a décidé, sur proposition de la Commission particulière, d’engager une expertise complémentaire sur « les jeux d’acteurs et la quantification des intérêts économiques autour du nucléaire », plus particulièrement autour de la gestion des matières et déchets radioactifs.
L’expert a été missionné le 28 juillet 2019 ; le rapport devant être rendu le 29 novembre de la même année.
Lors des travaux préparatoires à l’organisation de ce débat public, les associations environnementales auditionnées ont souhaité que le public puisse être éclairé sur le système d’acteurs dans le secteur du nucléaire. Ils ont considéré qu’une étude indépendante était nécessaire pour identifier les intérêts économiques, financiers et sociaux qui influencent leurs positions et décisions. Par décision du 6 février 2019, la Commission nationale du débat public a décidé, sur proposition de la Commission particulière, d’engager une expertise complémentaire sur « les jeux d’acteurs et la quantification des intérêts économiques autour du nucléaire », plus particulièrement autour de la gestion des matières et déchets radioactifs.
L’expert a été missionné le 28 juillet 2019 ; le rapport devant être rendu le 29 novembre de la même année.
2018
Journal Articles
134.
Nicot, Rose; Bellon, Stéphane; Loconto, Allison; Ollivier, Guillaume
The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology Journal Article
In: Open Agriculture, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 537–552, 2018.
@article{Nicot2018,
title = {The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology},
author = {Rose Nicot and Stéphane Bellon and Allison Loconto and Guillaume Ollivier},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0058},
doi = {10.1515/opag-2018-0058},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-05},
urldate = {2018-12-05},
journal = {Open Agriculture},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {537–552},
abstract = {In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.
135.
O’Halloran, Sharyn; Chen, Karen; Biswas, Rudra M Guha; Kim, Hoon; Liu, Pu; Zhang, YouFei; Zhou, YunPeng
Delegating Regulation: European Union and Financial Markets Journal Article
In: Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles, vol. 2018, no. 4, pp. 91-111 , 2018.
@article{O’Halloran2018,
title = {Delegating Regulation: European Union and Financial Markets},
author = {Sharyn O’Halloran and Karen Chen and Rudra M Guha Biswas and Hoon Kim and Pu Liu and YouFei Zhang and YunPeng Zhou},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-realites-industrielles-2018-4-page-91.htm},
doi = {10.3917/rindu1.184.0091},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-01},
urldate = {2018-11-01},
journal = {Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles},
volume = {2018},
number = {4},
pages = {91-111 },
abstract = {This paper analyzes the design of financial regulatory structure in the European Union. We develop a two-pronged approach to track changes in decision-making authority in EU financial market regulations and directives enacted from 1964 to the present. Traditional observational data collection methods manually code laws to identify the amount of discretionary authority delegated to regulatory bodies that oversee segments of financial markets. The lack of robustness and scalability of this approach, however, may limit the generalizability of observational studies. To remedy these potential shortcomings, we match observational methods with data science techniques, in particular natural language processing, to visualize complex patterns in the text of laws and temporal movements. The combination of both observational and computational approaches provides more detailed insights of the various elements of financial regulatory structure and the temporal allocation of decision-making authority among the European Commission, regulatory agencies and the Members States. Our analysis indicates that both the scope and location of decision-making authority shifted over time, moving from Member States to EU regulatory agencies. The amount of discretionary authority delegated to EU agencies to implement regulations, on the other hand, has remained largely unchanged.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper analyzes the design of financial regulatory structure in the European Union. We develop a two-pronged approach to track changes in decision-making authority in EU financial market regulations and directives enacted from 1964 to the present. Traditional observational data collection methods manually code laws to identify the amount of discretionary authority delegated to regulatory bodies that oversee segments of financial markets. The lack of robustness and scalability of this approach, however, may limit the generalizability of observational studies. To remedy these potential shortcomings, we match observational methods with data science techniques, in particular natural language processing, to visualize complex patterns in the text of laws and temporal movements. The combination of both observational and computational approaches provides more detailed insights of the various elements of financial regulatory structure and the temporal allocation of decision-making authority among the European Commission, regulatory agencies and the Members States. Our analysis indicates that both the scope and location of decision-making authority shifted over time, moving from Member States to EU regulatory agencies. The amount of discretionary authority delegated to EU agencies to implement regulations, on the other hand, has remained largely unchanged.
136.
Wezel, Alexander; Goette, Julia; Lagneaux, Elisabeth; Passuello, Gloria; Reisman, Erica; Rodier, Christophe; Turpin, Grégoire
Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems Journal Article
In: Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1214, 2018.
@article{Wezel2018b,
title = {Agroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems},
author = {Alexander Wezel and Julia Goette and Elisabeth Lagneaux and Gloria Passuello and Erica Reisman and Christophe Rodier and Grégoire Turpin},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041214},
doi = {10.3390/su10041214},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-17},
urldate = {2018-04-17},
journal = {Sustainability},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {1214},
abstract = {Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Agroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems. View Full-Text
137.
Makowski, David
Mapping the Evidence on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change for Non-food Biomass Production Journal Article
In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 227-236, 2018.
@article{Makowski2018,
title = {Mapping the Evidence on the Environmental Impacts of Land-Use Change for Non-food Biomass Production},
author = {David Makowski},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02904528
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4.pdf#page=237},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96289-4_10},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Sustainable Agriculture Reviews},
volume = {30},
pages = {227-236},
abstract = {The environmental impact of land-use change for biomass production is controversial, and it is crucial to provide stakeholders with a reliable description of the existing evidence on this topic. In this paper, we use an emerging research synthesis method called “evidence mapping” to summarize the main characteristics of 241 studies in a graphical user-friendly format. Results showed that most of the reviewed studies were located in Northern and Southern Americas, especially in USA and Brazil. A majority of studies focused on 1G and 2G biofuel, and on electricity production. The impacts on greenhouse gas emission, soil carbon content, soil erosion, water consumption, and water eutrophication were frequently assessed in the selected group of studies. The evidence maps produced in this paper revealed that only few studies were conducted to analyse the environmental impact of Land use change for methane production, for wood production, and for the chemical industry. Only few studies assessed the impact on biodiversity, on air quality, on human health, and on waste induced by land-use changes for biomass production. Our results thus highlight major gaps of knowledge and future research needs on the land-use-mediated implications of the bioeconomy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The environmental impact of land-use change for biomass production is controversial, and it is crucial to provide stakeholders with a reliable description of the existing evidence on this topic. In this paper, we use an emerging research synthesis method called “evidence mapping” to summarize the main characteristics of 241 studies in a graphical user-friendly format. Results showed that most of the reviewed studies were located in Northern and Southern Americas, especially in USA and Brazil. A majority of studies focused on 1G and 2G biofuel, and on electricity production. The impacts on greenhouse gas emission, soil carbon content, soil erosion, water consumption, and water eutrophication were frequently assessed in the selected group of studies. The evidence maps produced in this paper revealed that only few studies were conducted to analyse the environmental impact of Land use change for methane production, for wood production, and for the chemical industry. Only few studies assessed the impact on biodiversity, on air quality, on human health, and on waste induced by land-use changes for biomass production. Our results thus highlight major gaps of knowledge and future research needs on the land-use-mediated implications of the bioeconomy.
Proceedings Articles
138.
Brossard, Ludovic; Dourmad, Jean-Yves; Bernard, Emilie
Analyse rétrospective sur 50 ans de publications aux Journées de la Recherche Porcine Proceedings Article
In: 50. Journées de la Recherche Porcine, Paris, France, 2018.
@inproceedings{Brossard2018,
title = {Analyse rétrospective sur 50 ans de publications aux Journées de la Recherche Porcine},
author = {Ludovic Brossard and Jean-Yves Dourmad and Emilie Bernard},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736979
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736979/document},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-01},
booktitle = {50. Journées de la Recherche Porcine},
address = {Paris, France},
series = {Journées de la Recherche Porcine},
abstract = {Organisées conjointement par l'lfip et l'Inra, les Journées de la Recherche Porcine (JRP) ont été créées en 1969. Leur objectif est de fournir une tribune pour la diffusion rapide et rigoureuse des résultats des recherches en cours auprès des acteurs de la filière porcine. Ce congrès annuel permet aux acteurs de la recherche publique et privée, française, européenne, voire mondiale, de présenter leurs résultats sur des sujets traitant d'économie, santé animale, conduite d'élevage, bien-être animal, alimentation, environnement, logement, reproduction, génétique, qualité des produits, etc. Nous présentons ici une analyse bibliographique fondée sur les titres et les noms des auteurs des publications présentées lors de ces journées de 1969 à 2017. L'objectif est de dresser un panorama des sujets ayant animé la recherche porcine durant ces 50 années, ainsi que des acteurs de cette recherche. Une base de données (corpus) de ces communications a été créée. Ce corpus contient les informations des champs année, titre, session, auteur. L'affiliation est également disponible pour une partie d'entre eux. Cet article illustre l' évolution de ce corpus sur le nombre de communications, leur session, leur type et le nombre d'auteurs. Des outils d'analyse textuelle et de visualisation de réseaux ont été utilisés pour identifier de façon automatique des groupes thématiques. Ils ont été appliqués sur les données des champs titre et auteur du corpus. Entre 1969 et 2017, les JRP ont rassemblé 2 689 publications, avec une moyenne de 55 communications par an. Ces publications se répartissent ainsi : 1 902 textes standards (associées à une communication orale de 10 minutes), 279 synthèses (associées à une communication orale de 20 minutes) et 508 communications affichées (les posters ayant fait leur apparition en 2007). Un réseau de co-publication sur le champ auteur éclaire les liens entre affiliations des auteurs et leurs thématiques principales. Les cartes thématiques des mots du titre mettent en évidence l'évolution des sujets qui ont animé la recherche porcine au cours de ces cinquante dernières années. La variété des sujets, en phase avec les attentes de la filière, et la rigueur scientifique pour les traiter, font des JRP un rendez -vous reconnu, considéré comme une référence en France et en Europe. Les JRP vont continuer à évoluer dans la lignée des précédentes éditions, en veillant à se faire le témoin des attentes et des questionnements de la filière, mais aussi en apportant un éclairage scientifique rigoureux sur les évolutions à venir.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Organisées conjointement par l'lfip et l'Inra, les Journées de la Recherche Porcine (JRP) ont été créées en 1969. Leur objectif est de fournir une tribune pour la diffusion rapide et rigoureuse des résultats des recherches en cours auprès des acteurs de la filière porcine. Ce congrès annuel permet aux acteurs de la recherche publique et privée, française, européenne, voire mondiale, de présenter leurs résultats sur des sujets traitant d'économie, santé animale, conduite d'élevage, bien-être animal, alimentation, environnement, logement, reproduction, génétique, qualité des produits, etc. Nous présentons ici une analyse bibliographique fondée sur les titres et les noms des auteurs des publications présentées lors de ces journées de 1969 à 2017. L'objectif est de dresser un panorama des sujets ayant animé la recherche porcine durant ces 50 années, ainsi que des acteurs de cette recherche. Une base de données (corpus) de ces communications a été créée. Ce corpus contient les informations des champs année, titre, session, auteur. L'affiliation est également disponible pour une partie d'entre eux. Cet article illustre l' évolution de ce corpus sur le nombre de communications, leur session, leur type et le nombre d'auteurs. Des outils d'analyse textuelle et de visualisation de réseaux ont été utilisés pour identifier de façon automatique des groupes thématiques. Ils ont été appliqués sur les données des champs titre et auteur du corpus. Entre 1969 et 2017, les JRP ont rassemblé 2 689 publications, avec une moyenne de 55 communications par an. Ces publications se répartissent ainsi : 1 902 textes standards (associées à une communication orale de 10 minutes), 279 synthèses (associées à une communication orale de 20 minutes) et 508 communications affichées (les posters ayant fait leur apparition en 2007). Un réseau de co-publication sur le champ auteur éclaire les liens entre affiliations des auteurs et leurs thématiques principales. Les cartes thématiques des mots du titre mettent en évidence l'évolution des sujets qui ont animé la recherche porcine au cours de ces cinquante dernières années. La variété des sujets, en phase avec les attentes de la filière, et la rigueur scientifique pour les traiter, font des JRP un rendez -vous reconnu, considéré comme une référence en France et en Europe. Les JRP vont continuer à évoluer dans la lignée des précédentes éditions, en veillant à se faire le témoin des attentes et des questionnements de la filière, mais aussi en apportant un éclairage scientifique rigoureux sur les évolutions à venir.
139.
Plancq, Clément; Després, Zakarya; Longhi, Julien
"L'avenir en commun" des Insoumis. Analyse des forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise Proceedings Article
In: Atelier Fouille de Données Complexes, EGC 2018, 2018.
@inproceedings{plancq2018avenir,
title = {"L'avenir en commun" des Insoumis. Analyse des forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise},
author = {Clément Plancq and Zakarya Després and Julien Longhi},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01719374},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
booktitle = {Atelier Fouille de Données Complexes, EGC 2018},
abstract = {Les discours politiques ont fait l’objet de travaux marquants en analyse du discours et en TAL mais les études sur les discussions de militants sont plus rares. Pourtant ces communautés sont le lieu d’échanges idéologiques sur le programme d’un candidat. L’étude de ces discussions peut se révéler intéressante pour étudier la circulation des idéologies de l’appareil politique vers une communauté de citoyens et vice-versa. Dans l’article nous présentons les travaux menés pour recueillir un corpus de messages émanant de forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise puis les analyses conduites sur ce corpus à l’aide des outils de la plateforme Cortext.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Les discours politiques ont fait l’objet de travaux marquants en analyse du discours et en TAL mais les études sur les discussions de militants sont plus rares. Pourtant ces communautés sont le lieu d’échanges idéologiques sur le programme d’un candidat. L’étude de ces discussions peut se révéler intéressante pour étudier la circulation des idéologies de l’appareil politique vers une communauté de citoyens et vice-versa. Dans l’article nous présentons les travaux menés pour recueillir un corpus de messages émanant de forums de discussion des militants de la France Insoumise puis les analyses conduites sur ce corpus à l’aide des outils de la plateforme Cortext.
PhD Theses
140.
Vigni, Guido Fabrizio Li
Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France PhD Thesis
2018, (Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Chateauraynaud, Francis Sociologie Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE) 2018 2018PSLEH134).
@phdthesis{Vigni2018,
title = {Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France},
author = {Guido Fabrizio Li Vigni},
url = {http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH134},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-26},
urldate = {2018-11-26},
abstract = {Comment penser la relation entre les cultures scientifiques contemporaines et l’usage grandissant de l’ordinateur dans la production des savoirs ? Cette thèse se propose de donner une réponse à telle question à partir de l’analyse historique et sociologique d’un domaine scientifique fondé par le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis : les « sciences des systèmes complexes » (SSC). Rendues célèbres par des publications grand-public, les SSC se répandent au cours des années 1990 et 2000 en Europe et dans d’autres pays du monde. Ce travail propose une histoire de la fondation de ce domaine en se concentrant sur le SFI et sur le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes français. Avec un regard sociologique ancré dans les Science & Technology Studies et dans le courant pragmatiste, elle pose ensuite des questions sur le statut socio-épistémique de ce domaine, sur les modalités de l’administration de la preuve dans des savoirs fondés sur la simulation numérique et enfin sur les engagements épistémiques tenus par les spécialistes des systèmes complexes. Le matériau empirique – composé d’environ 200 entretiens, plusieurs milliers de pages d’archives et quelques visites de laboratoire – nous amène non seulement à mieux connaître ce champ de recherche – dont le langage est très répandu aujourd’hui, mais peu étudié par les historiens et les sociologues ; il nous porte aussi à questionner trois opinions courantes dans la littérature humaniste à propos des sciences numériques. À savoir : 1) l’ordinateur produit des connaissances de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, 2) il donne vie à des savoirs de type nouveau qui nécessitent une toute autre épistémologie pour être pensés et 3) il fait inévitablement advenir des visions du monde néolibérales. Or, cette thèse déconstruit ces trois formes de déterminisme technologique concernant les effets de l’ordinateur sur les pratiques scientifiques, en montrant d’abord que, dans les sciences computationnelles, les rapports interdisciplinaires ne se font pas sans effort ni pacifiquement ou sur pied d’égalité ; ensuite que les chercheurs et les chercheuses des SSC mobilisent des formes d’administration de la preuve déjà mises au point dans d’autres disciplines ; et enfin que les engagements épistémiques des scientifiques peuvent prendre une forme proche de la vision (néo)libérale, mais aussi des formes qui s’en éloignent ou qui s’y opposent.},
note = {Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Chateauraynaud, Francis Sociologie Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE) 2018
2018PSLEH134},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Comment penser la relation entre les cultures scientifiques contemporaines et l’usage grandissant de l’ordinateur dans la production des savoirs ? Cette thèse se propose de donner une réponse à telle question à partir de l’analyse historique et sociologique d’un domaine scientifique fondé par le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis : les « sciences des systèmes complexes » (SSC). Rendues célèbres par des publications grand-public, les SSC se répandent au cours des années 1990 et 2000 en Europe et dans d’autres pays du monde. Ce travail propose une histoire de la fondation de ce domaine en se concentrant sur le SFI et sur le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes français. Avec un regard sociologique ancré dans les Science & Technology Studies et dans le courant pragmatiste, elle pose ensuite des questions sur le statut socio-épistémique de ce domaine, sur les modalités de l’administration de la preuve dans des savoirs fondés sur la simulation numérique et enfin sur les engagements épistémiques tenus par les spécialistes des systèmes complexes. Le matériau empirique – composé d’environ 200 entretiens, plusieurs milliers de pages d’archives et quelques visites de laboratoire – nous amène non seulement à mieux connaître ce champ de recherche – dont le langage est très répandu aujourd’hui, mais peu étudié par les historiens et les sociologues ; il nous porte aussi à questionner trois opinions courantes dans la littérature humaniste à propos des sciences numériques. À savoir : 1) l’ordinateur produit des connaissances de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, 2) il donne vie à des savoirs de type nouveau qui nécessitent une toute autre épistémologie pour être pensés et 3) il fait inévitablement advenir des visions du monde néolibérales. Or, cette thèse déconstruit ces trois formes de déterminisme technologique concernant les effets de l’ordinateur sur les pratiques scientifiques, en montrant d’abord que, dans les sciences computationnelles, les rapports interdisciplinaires ne se font pas sans effort ni pacifiquement ou sur pied d’égalité ; ensuite que les chercheurs et les chercheuses des SSC mobilisent des formes d’administration de la preuve déjà mises au point dans d’autres disciplines ; et enfin que les engagements épistémiques des scientifiques peuvent prendre une forme proche de la vision (néo)libérale, mais aussi des formes qui s’en éloignent ou qui s’y opposent.
141.
Bareille, François
Agricultural management of ecosystem services: insights from production and environmental economics PhD Thesis
Université Bretagne Loire, 2018, (HAL Id : tel-02790452 , version 1).
@phdthesis{Bareille2018,
title = {Agricultural management of ecosystem services: insights from production and environmental economics},
author = {François Bareille},
url = {https://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE050.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-15},
urldate = {2018-11-15},
school = {Université Bretagne Loire},
abstract = {The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services. The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous. In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.},
note = {HAL Id : tel-02790452 , version 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services. The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous. In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.
Technical Reports
142.
Demortain, David; Barbier, Marc
Analyse scientométrique d’un corpus d’études sur les effets des particules de l’air ambiant extérieur sur la sante Technical Report
2018, (Rapport d’étude pour l’agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire).
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Analyse scientométrique d’un corpus d’études sur les effets des particules de l’air ambiant extérieur sur la sante},
author = {David Demortain and Marc Barbier},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/LISIS2018Rapportdanalysescientoparticulesfinal.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-21},
abstract = {Le domaine de recherche sur les effets sanitaires de la présence dans l’air ambiant des particules fines est à la fois ancien, et très évolutif. Au fil des années, les recherches sur la pollution de l’air se sont en effet portées sur différentes substances, et se sont intéressées à des particules de taille de plus en plus réduite. Bien que pourvu d’une ontologie partagée sur les substances ou les indicateurs de composition de l’air ambiant, ce domaine est différencié selon les pays, car les polluants d’intérêt ne sont pas les mêmes, les équipes sont plus ou moins spécialisées sur l’étude de populations cibles ou de cohortes habitant des régions variées quant aux facteurs déterminant la composition de l’air ambiant. Les enjeux politiques liés à ces recherches peuvent donc être importants, car les mesures de présence de différents polluants — et plus encore les analyses attribuant à l’exposition à l’un ou autre de ces polluants une causalité dans la survenue de maladies — peuvent être à l’origine de réglementations sur les technologies de transport, les émissions industrielles ou d’autres sources, ou bien encore peuvent inspirer des prescriptions de comportement individualisées.},
note = {Rapport d’étude pour l’agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Le domaine de recherche sur les effets sanitaires de la présence dans l’air ambiant des particules fines est à la fois ancien, et très évolutif. Au fil des années, les recherches sur la pollution de l’air se sont en effet portées sur différentes substances, et se sont intéressées à des particules de taille de plus en plus réduite. Bien que pourvu d’une ontologie partagée sur les substances ou les indicateurs de composition de l’air ambiant, ce domaine est différencié selon les pays, car les polluants d’intérêt ne sont pas les mêmes, les équipes sont plus ou moins spécialisées sur l’étude de populations cibles ou de cohortes habitant des régions variées quant aux facteurs déterminant la composition de l’air ambiant. Les enjeux politiques liés à ces recherches peuvent donc être importants, car les mesures de présence de différents polluants — et plus encore les analyses attribuant à l’exposition à l’un ou autre de ces polluants une causalité dans la survenue de maladies — peuvent être à l’origine de réglementations sur les technologies de transport, les émissions industrielles ou d’autres sources, ou bien encore peuvent inspirer des prescriptions de comportement individualisées.
143.
Moore, Vanessa; Horgan, Gerard; Moore, Rebecca
Understanding the role of culture, gender and communication traditions, and their implications for engagement methodologies, communication and dissemination Technical Report
GoNano, Horizon 2020, European Institute of Women’s Health 2018.
@techreport{Moore2018,
title = {Understanding the role of culture, gender and communication traditions, and their implications for engagement methodologies, communication and dissemination},
author = {Vanessa Moore and Gerard Horgan and Rebecca Moore},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-31},
institution = {GoNano, Horizon 2020, European Institute of Women’s Health },
abstract = {The GoNano -Governing Nanotechnologies though societal engagement-project is a 36-month long project which aims to improve the responsiveness of research and innovation processes to public values and concerns. Part of the GoNano objectives are to create an engagement process which is cognisant of gender, diversity, culture and communication traditions across Europe. This engagement process will inform future nanotechnology development, by ways of public discourse and methodology development, as well as co-creation. In order to adequately align nanotechnology Research and Innovation (R&I) with societal needs, it is important to look at societal issues such as gender, culture, and diversity. These areas of focus present us with an opportunity to get a deeper insight into what motivates opinions, thoughts, needs, values and concerns --are these the same, or are there differences between or within various groups? Does gender have any impact on how values, needs and concerns around nanotechnology are shaped; does demographic diversity influence such concerns? What information and knowledge can we glean from looking into divergences of opinions and differences in discourse? What can we gain from increased awareness and focus on these issues?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The GoNano -Governing Nanotechnologies though societal engagement-project is a 36-month long project which aims to improve the responsiveness of research and innovation processes to public values and concerns. Part of the GoNano objectives are to create an engagement process which is cognisant of gender, diversity, culture and communication traditions across Europe. This engagement process will inform future nanotechnology development, by ways of public discourse and methodology development, as well as co-creation. In order to adequately align nanotechnology Research and Innovation (R&I) with societal needs, it is important to look at societal issues such as gender, culture, and diversity. These areas of focus present us with an opportunity to get a deeper insight into what motivates opinions, thoughts, needs, values and concerns --are these the same, or are there differences between or within various groups? Does gender have any impact on how values, needs and concerns around nanotechnology are shaped; does demographic diversity influence such concerns? What information and knowledge can we glean from looking into divergences of opinions and differences in discourse? What can we gain from increased awareness and focus on these issues?
2017
Journal Articles
144.
Brás, Oriana Rainho; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cambrosio, Alberto; David, Leonor; Nunes, João Arriscado; Cardoso, Fátima; Jerónimo, Carmen
Oncology research in late twentieth century and turn of the century Portugal: a scientometric approach to its institutional and semantic dimensions Journal Article
In: Scientometrics, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 867-888, 2017.
@article{bras2017oncology,
title = {Oncology research in late twentieth century and turn of the century Portugal: a scientometric approach to its institutional and semantic dimensions},
author = {Oriana Rainho Brás and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Alberto Cambrosio and Leonor David and João Arriscado Nunes and Fátima Cardoso and Carmen Jerónimo},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2491-y},
doi = {10.1007/s11192-017-2491-y},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Scientometrics},
volume = {113},
number = {2},
pages = {867-888},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {This paper analyses the developmental dynamics of oncology research in Portugal during the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty first century. Grounding its conclusions in a scientometric analysis of a database of publications covering the period 1976–2015, the paper shows how the expansion of oncology research from the end of the 1990s through the 2000s is closely related to science and technology policy decisions in the country. The main actors of the institutional evolution of the field are public organizations, both hospital and academia/research-based, frequently working together. Portuguese oncology research focused especially on organ-based cancers, underlining the strong link between the laboratory and the clinic. Accordingly, translational research is a major trend in oncology research, as evidenced by the analysis of publications in major journals and inter-citation maps. Networks of institutional co-authorships show the importance of regional and international collaborations. The collaboration patterns over time reveal the importance of national and European collaborations during the initial years covered by our publication database, in line with the major impact of Portugal’s integration into the European Union, and a growing importance of regional collaborations, as well as with North and South American institutions in more recent years. Portugal provides a case study of how twentieth century policies at the national and European levels have impacted on the evolution of oncology research in countries from southern Europe.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper analyses the developmental dynamics of oncology research in Portugal during the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty first century. Grounding its conclusions in a scientometric analysis of a database of publications covering the period 1976–2015, the paper shows how the expansion of oncology research from the end of the 1990s through the 2000s is closely related to science and technology policy decisions in the country. The main actors of the institutional evolution of the field are public organizations, both hospital and academia/research-based, frequently working together. Portuguese oncology research focused especially on organ-based cancers, underlining the strong link between the laboratory and the clinic. Accordingly, translational research is a major trend in oncology research, as evidenced by the analysis of publications in major journals and inter-citation maps. Networks of institutional co-authorships show the importance of regional and international collaborations. The collaboration patterns over time reveal the importance of national and European collaborations during the initial years covered by our publication database, in line with the major impact of Portugal’s integration into the European Union, and a growing importance of regional collaborations, as well as with North and South American institutions in more recent years. Portugal provides a case study of how twentieth century policies at the national and European levels have impacted on the evolution of oncology research in countries from southern Europe.
145.
Prost, Magali; Prost, Lorène; Cerf, Marianne
Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ? Journal Article
In: Raisons éducatives, no. 1, pp. 129-154, 2017.
@article{prost2017echanges,
title = {Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ?},
author = {Magali Prost and Lorène Prost and Marianne Cerf},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-raisons-educatives-2017-1-page-129.htm},
doi = {10.3917/raised.021.0129},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Raisons éducatives},
number = {1},
pages = {129-154},
publisher = {Université de Genève},
abstract = {Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.
Conferences
146.
Rizzo, Davide; Combaud, Anne; Marraccini, Elisa
Factors influencing farmers' preferences about agricultural equipment supply. A literature overview Conference
AXEMA EurAgEng SIMA, 2017.
@conference{Rizzo2017b,
title = {Factors influencing farmers' preferences about agricultural equipment supply. A literature overview},
author = {Davide Rizzo and Anne Combaud and Elisa Marraccini},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Davide_Rizzo/publication/316686499_Conf_AXM-Eurageng_N06_Farmers_preferences_review/data/590c6589aca272db9ca6e222/Conf-AXM-Eurageng-N06-Farmers-preferences-review.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-01},
booktitle = {AXEMA EurAgEng SIMA},
abstract = {The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks to constraint the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm profitability by increasing farming practices efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers’ decision making and preferences about the equipment supply.
The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries.},
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}
The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks to constraint the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm profitability by increasing farming practices efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers’ decision making and preferences about the equipment supply.
The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries.
The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries.
Book Chapters
147.
Bouabid, Hamid; Rossi, Pier Luigi; Gaillard, Jacques
Les partenaires internationaux du Maroc: analyse et cartographie des co-signatures avec les chercheurs étrangers Book Chapter
In: Gaillard, Jacques; Bouabid, Hamid (Ed.): La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation, Chapter 3, pp. 67-93, 2017.
@inbook{Bouabid2017,
title = {Les partenaires internationaux du Maroc: analyse et cartographie des co-signatures avec les chercheurs étrangers},
author = {Hamid Bouabid and Pier Luigi Rossi and Jacques Gaillard},
editor = {Jacques Gaillard and Hamid Bouabid},
url = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069762
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315729996_Chapitre_3_-_Les_partenaires_internationaux_du_Maroc_analyse_et_cartographie_des_co-signatures_avec_les_chercheurs_etrangers},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
urldate = {2017-03-01},
booktitle = {La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation},
pages = {67-93},
chapter = {3},
abstract = {Ce chapitre propose une analyse rétrospective de l’internationalisation de la recherche marocaine et de son positionnement dans les clusters scientifiques régionaux à travers le prisme des publications du Maroc co-signées avec le reste du monde. Cette approche bilatérale est complétée dans une deuxième partie par une l’analyse des collaborations internationales du Maroc au sein des cluster (réseaux) arabes, africains et méditerranéens. Au cours des trente dernières années, la production scientifique marocaine se caractérise par une internationalisation marquée avec un niveau de publications signées avec des auteurs étrangers toujours supérieur à 50% en dépit du caractère fortement endogène des sciences médicales, lesquelles représente près de 40% de la production totale du Maroc. Ce niveau d’internationalisation varie en fonction des disciplines et des institutions. Il est comparable à celui de la plupart des « petits » pays scientifiques européens et assez proche de celui de la plupart des pays arabes. En dépit d’un recul en valeur relative depuis la fin des années 1990, la France, qui co-signe aujourd’hui environ 30% de la production scientifique marocaine, reste de loin le principal partenaire scientifique du Maroc et ceci pour l’ensemble des domaines scientifiques. L’Espagne, partenaire de 8,5% des co-publications, lesquelles sont en progression constante depuis les trente dernières années, s’affirme aujourd’hui comme le deuxième partenaire scientifique, suivi de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis, lesquels, jadis en deuxième position après la France, sont aujourd’hui le cinquième partenaire juste après l’Italie. L’Arabie saoudite, quasi inexistante dans les co-publications internationales marocaines jusqu’à la fin du siècle dernier, se classe en sixième position à quasi égalité avec les Etats-Unis et dépasse légèrement la Tunisie. Les autres pays appartenant aux douze principaux partenaires du Maroc (Canada, Algérie, Royaume uni, Portugal, Belgique) présentent des taux de co-publications autour de 2,5 % de la production scientifique marocaine avec, généralement, des progressions sur la dernière période. L’analyse des clusters scientifiques régionaux montre que le positionnement du Maroc demeure excentré dans le cluster scientifique arabe et africain et donc en décalage avec les ambitions partenariales du Maroc avec l’Afrique. En revanche, le Maroc est mieux positionné dans le cluster méditerranéen avec une bonne proximité avec le tryptique France-Italie-Espagne qui domine le paysage des collaborations scientifiques internationales dans cette région.},
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Ce chapitre propose une analyse rétrospective de l’internationalisation de la recherche marocaine et de son positionnement dans les clusters scientifiques régionaux à travers le prisme des publications du Maroc co-signées avec le reste du monde. Cette approche bilatérale est complétée dans une deuxième partie par une l’analyse des collaborations internationales du Maroc au sein des cluster (réseaux) arabes, africains et méditerranéens. Au cours des trente dernières années, la production scientifique marocaine se caractérise par une internationalisation marquée avec un niveau de publications signées avec des auteurs étrangers toujours supérieur à 50% en dépit du caractère fortement endogène des sciences médicales, lesquelles représente près de 40% de la production totale du Maroc. Ce niveau d’internationalisation varie en fonction des disciplines et des institutions. Il est comparable à celui de la plupart des « petits » pays scientifiques européens et assez proche de celui de la plupart des pays arabes. En dépit d’un recul en valeur relative depuis la fin des années 1990, la France, qui co-signe aujourd’hui environ 30% de la production scientifique marocaine, reste de loin le principal partenaire scientifique du Maroc et ceci pour l’ensemble des domaines scientifiques. L’Espagne, partenaire de 8,5% des co-publications, lesquelles sont en progression constante depuis les trente dernières années, s’affirme aujourd’hui comme le deuxième partenaire scientifique, suivi de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis, lesquels, jadis en deuxième position après la France, sont aujourd’hui le cinquième partenaire juste après l’Italie. L’Arabie saoudite, quasi inexistante dans les co-publications internationales marocaines jusqu’à la fin du siècle dernier, se classe en sixième position à quasi égalité avec les Etats-Unis et dépasse légèrement la Tunisie. Les autres pays appartenant aux douze principaux partenaires du Maroc (Canada, Algérie, Royaume uni, Portugal, Belgique) présentent des taux de co-publications autour de 2,5 % de la production scientifique marocaine avec, généralement, des progressions sur la dernière période. L’analyse des clusters scientifiques régionaux montre que le positionnement du Maroc demeure excentré dans le cluster scientifique arabe et africain et donc en décalage avec les ambitions partenariales du Maroc avec l’Afrique. En revanche, le Maroc est mieux positionné dans le cluster méditerranéen avec une bonne proximité avec le tryptique France-Italie-Espagne qui domine le paysage des collaborations scientifiques internationales dans cette région.
148.
Bouabid, Hamid; Mrabet, Radouane
Coopération scientifique et co-publications: le cas de l’Université Mohammed VC Souissi Book Chapter
In: La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation, Chapter 7, pp. 181-200, Editions universitaires européennes, 2017.
@inbook{bouabid7cooperation,
title = {Coopération scientifique et co-publications: le cas de l’Université Mohammed VC Souissi},
author = {Hamid Bouabid and Radouane Mrabet},
url = {http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-04/010069759.pdf#page=187},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation},
pages = {181-200},
publisher = {Editions universitaires européennes},
chapter = {7},
abstract = {Ce chapitre présente une évaluation de la politique de coopération scientifique au niveau de l’Université Mohammed V – Souissi (UM5S) en considérant d’une part les accords de coopération comme intrants et d’autre part les co-publications et leurs citations comme extrants. La cartographie de réseaux de proximité des institutions en fonction des disciplines scientifiques est utilisée pour visualiser les réseaux de coopération, la pluridisciplinarité à travers le croisement des institutions partenaires et les domaines scientifiques traités et enfin la pertinence de ces domaines en les projetant sur les domaines de pointe tels que répertoriés dans Science Watch de Thomson Reuters.
La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future.},
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Ce chapitre présente une évaluation de la politique de coopération scientifique au niveau de l’Université Mohammed V – Souissi (UM5S) en considérant d’une part les accords de coopération comme intrants et d’autre part les co-publications et leurs citations comme extrants. La cartographie de réseaux de proximité des institutions en fonction des disciplines scientifiques est utilisée pour visualiser les réseaux de coopération, la pluridisciplinarité à travers le croisement des institutions partenaires et les domaines scientifiques traités et enfin la pertinence de ces domaines en les projetant sur les domaines de pointe tels que répertoriés dans Science Watch de Thomson Reuters.
La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future.
La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future.
149.
Cardon, Vincent; Barbier, Marc
The Fragmentation of Plant and Food Biosecurity Research Networks: A Scientometric Analysis Book Chapter
In: Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurity, vol. 8, pp. 289-308, Springer, 2017.
@inbook{cardon2017fragmentation,
title = {The Fragmentation of Plant and Food Biosecurity Research Networks: A Scientometric Analysis},
author = {Vincent Cardon and Marc Barbier},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46897-6_14},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurity},
volume = {8},
pages = {289-308},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Scientometric analysis based on the mapping of complex networks performed with the Cortext manager platform reveals that biosecurity and bioterrorism have established research communities and literature, in which plant and crop biosecurity are by far less represented than human and animal issues. Biosecurity has not made plant health “disappear” and/or does not constitute a rival field of research. The conceptual apparatus of biosecurity is close to that of some other fields of research on plant health. Some specific consistent clusters of scientists and concepts related to biosecurity and agro-terrorism can be isolated however, in particular the members of the PlantFoodSec Network of Excellence. This result demonstrates the impact of European and international programs (such as CropBioTerror, PlantFoodSec, etc.) on the structure of research networks on agro-terrorism. The article opens with an analysis of qualitative material regarding the way this scientific production and agenda permeates (or not) through daily professional activities. Focusing on plant biosecurity and agro-terrorism, it targets some common issues in scientometrics and sociology of science about the boundaries of research domains and the emergence of new paradigms with specific concepts, methods, authors and cited references. It also echoes the range of questions and reflections at stake within the scientific communities related to biosecurity, and shows the effects of expertise-driven processes on the dynamics of knowledge.},
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Scientometric analysis based on the mapping of complex networks performed with the Cortext manager platform reveals that biosecurity and bioterrorism have established research communities and literature, in which plant and crop biosecurity are by far less represented than human and animal issues. Biosecurity has not made plant health “disappear” and/or does not constitute a rival field of research. The conceptual apparatus of biosecurity is close to that of some other fields of research on plant health. Some specific consistent clusters of scientists and concepts related to biosecurity and agro-terrorism can be isolated however, in particular the members of the PlantFoodSec Network of Excellence. This result demonstrates the impact of European and international programs (such as CropBioTerror, PlantFoodSec, etc.) on the structure of research networks on agro-terrorism. The article opens with an analysis of qualitative material regarding the way this scientific production and agenda permeates (or not) through daily professional activities. Focusing on plant biosecurity and agro-terrorism, it targets some common issues in scientometrics and sociology of science about the boundaries of research domains and the emergence of new paradigms with specific concepts, methods, authors and cited references. It also echoes the range of questions and reflections at stake within the scientific communities related to biosecurity, and shows the effects of expertise-driven processes on the dynamics of knowledge.
Proceedings Articles
150.
Abacha, Asma Ben; de Herrera, Alba Seco G; Wang, Ke; Long, Rodney L; Antani, Sameer; Demner-Fushman, Dina
Named entity recognition in functional neuroimaging literature Proceedings Article
In: Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2017 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 2218-2220, IEEE 2017.
@inproceedings{abacha2017named,
title = {Named entity recognition in functional neuroimaging literature},
author = {Asma Ben Abacha and Alba Seco G de Herrera and Ke Wang and Rodney L Long and Sameer Antani and Dina Demner-Fushman},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8218002},
doi = {10.1109/BIBM.2017.8218002},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2017 IEEE International Conference on},
pages = {2218-2220},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Human neuroimaging research aims to find mappings between brain activity and broad cognitive states. In particular, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows collecting information about activity in the brain in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we tackle the task of linking brain activity information from fMRI data with named entities expressed in functional neuroimaging literature. For the automatic extraction of those links, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) and compare different methods to recognize relevant entities from fMRI literature. We selected 15 entity categories to describe cognitive states, anatomical areas, stimuli and responses. To cope with the lack of relevant training data, we proposed rule-based methods relying on noun-phrase detection and filtering. We also developed machine learning methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. We constructed a gold standard corpus to evaluate these different NER methods. A comparison of the obtained F1 scores showed that the proposed approaches significantly outperform three state-of-the-art methods in open and specific domains with a best result of 78.79% F1 score in exact span evaluation and 98.40% F1 in inexact span evaluation.},
keywords = {},
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Human neuroimaging research aims to find mappings between brain activity and broad cognitive states. In particular, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows collecting information about activity in the brain in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we tackle the task of linking brain activity information from fMRI data with named entities expressed in functional neuroimaging literature. For the automatic extraction of those links, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) and compare different methods to recognize relevant entities from fMRI literature. We selected 15 entity categories to describe cognitive states, anatomical areas, stimuli and responses. To cope with the lack of relevant training data, we proposed rule-based methods relying on noun-phrase detection and filtering. We also developed machine learning methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. We constructed a gold standard corpus to evaluate these different NER methods. A comparison of the obtained F1 scores showed that the proposed approaches significantly outperform three state-of-the-art methods in open and specific domains with a best result of 78.79% F1 score in exact span evaluation and 98.40% F1 in inexact span evaluation.
151.
Rizzo, Davide; Marraccini, Elisa; Vitali, Giuliano; Martin, Philippe
What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level? Proceedings Article
In: XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan, pp. 12–14, 2017.
@inproceedings{rizzo2017data,
title = {What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level?},
author = {Davide Rizzo and Elisa Marraccini and Giuliano Vitali and Philippe Martin},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01608845},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6350061},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan},
pages = {12--14},
abstract = {European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level. },
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European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level.
152.
Villard, Lionel; Perruchas, François; Scherngell, Thomas; Barber, Michael; Larédo, Philippe; Gallart, Jordi Molas
Metropolisation, peripheries and funding of nano sciences & technologies production in Europe Proceedings Article
In: STI Conference, 2017.
@inproceedings{villard2017metropolisation,
title = {Metropolisation, peripheries and funding of nano sciences & technologies production in Europe},
author = {Lionel Villard and François Perruchas and Thomas Scherngell and Michael Barber and Philippe Larédo and Jordi Molas Gallart},
url = {https://www.cortext.net/metropolisation-peripheries-and-funding-of-nano-sciences-technologies/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {STI Conference},
abstract = {There are multiple on-going debates about the geographical distribution and concentration of knowledge production worldwide. Recent work done by Grossetti et al. (2015) points to a ‘deconcentration’ process of knowledge production, visible not only at country level (linked to the periodic rise of new countries in the overall scientific production landscape, a long-lasting phenomenon), but also at metropolitan level. In a European policy context, this raises the question whether we can also identify such tendencies across the European territory, and whether this specifically applies to frontier scientific fields.
In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
There are multiple on-going debates about the geographical distribution and concentration of knowledge production worldwide. Recent work done by Grossetti et al. (2015) points to a ‘deconcentration’ process of knowledge production, visible not only at country level (linked to the periodic rise of new countries in the overall scientific production landscape, a long-lasting phenomenon), but also at metropolitan level. In a European policy context, this raises the question whether we can also identify such tendencies across the European territory, and whether this specifically applies to frontier scientific fields.
In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced.
In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced.
Online
153.
Popille, Ophélie
La communication politique sur Instagram Étude des candidats à l’élection présidentielle de 2017 Online
Master 2 NUMérique et Innovation (NUMI), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée 2017.
@online{Popille2017,
title = {La communication politique sur Instagram Étude des candidats à l’élection présidentielle de 2017},
author = {Ophélie Popille},
url = {https://opheliepopille.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/mecc81moire.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-11},
organization = {Master 2 NUMérique et Innovation (NUMI), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée},
abstract = {Les réseaux sociaux prennent de plus en plus de place dans la communication politique, notamment en période électorale. Parallèlement, ces nouveaux moyens de communication peuvent bouleverser l’image publique des personnalités politiques. C’est pourquoi ce papier cherche à savoir de quelle manière s’établit la communication politique sur Instagram, qui combine à la fois l’image et le texte. Cela permettra ainsi de percevoir s’il existe ou non des divergences en fonction de la couleur politique des personnalités ou des points communs entre les comptes. Les analyses porteront sur les images postées, mais aussi les textes publiés pour les accompagner. L’étude se penche sur les comptes Instagram de candidats à l’élection présidentielle de 2017 qui détiennent un compte sur le réseau social : Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, Jean Lassalle, Marine Le Pen, François Fillon, Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron et enfin, Jean-Luc Mélenchon.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Les réseaux sociaux prennent de plus en plus de place dans la communication politique, notamment en période électorale. Parallèlement, ces nouveaux moyens de communication peuvent bouleverser l’image publique des personnalités politiques. C’est pourquoi ce papier cherche à savoir de quelle manière s’établit la communication politique sur Instagram, qui combine à la fois l’image et le texte. Cela permettra ainsi de percevoir s’il existe ou non des divergences en fonction de la couleur politique des personnalités ou des points communs entre les comptes. Les analyses porteront sur les images postées, mais aussi les textes publiés pour les accompagner. L’étude se penche sur les comptes Instagram de candidats à l’élection présidentielle de 2017 qui détiennent un compte sur le réseau social : Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, Jean Lassalle, Marine Le Pen, François Fillon, Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron et enfin, Jean-Luc Mélenchon.
PhD Theses
154.
Kachani, Alexandra Struk
La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat PhD Thesis
Université de Bordeaux, 2017, (HAL Id : tel-01734867 , version 1).
@phdthesis{Kachani2017,
title = {La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat },
author = {Alexandra Struk Kachani},
url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01734867/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
school = {Université de Bordeaux},
abstract = {Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. },
note = {HAL Id : tel-01734867 , version 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles.
2016
Journal Articles
155.
Raimbault, Benjamin; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Joly, Pierre-Benoît
Mapping the emergence of synthetic biology Journal Article
In: PloS one, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. e0161522, 2016.
@article{raimbault2016mapping,
title = {Mapping the emergence of synthetic biology},
author = {Benjamin Raimbault and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Pierre-Benoît Joly},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161522},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0161522},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {e0161522},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {In this paper, we apply an original scientometric analyses to a corpus comprising synthetic biology (SynBio) publications in Thomson Reuters Web of Science to characterize the emergence of this new scientific field. Three results were drawn from this empirical investigation. First, despite the exponential growth of publications, the study of population level statistics (newcomers proportion, collaboration network structure) shows that SynBio has entered a stabilization process since 2010. Second, the mapping of textual and citational networks shows that SynBio is characterized by high heterogeneity and four different approaches: the central approach, where biobrick engineering is the most widespread; genome engineering; protocell creation; and metabolic engineering. We suggest that synthetic biology acts as an umbrella term allowing for the mobilization of resources, and also serves to relate scientific content and promises of applications. Third, we observed a strong intertwinement between epistemic and socio-economic dynamics. Measuring scientific production and impact and using structural analysis data, we identified a core set of mostly American scientists. Biographical analysis shows that these central and influential scientists act as “boundary spanners,” meaning that their importance to the field lies not only in their academic contributions, but also in their capacity to interact with other social spaces that are outside the academic sphere.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we apply an original scientometric analyses to a corpus comprising synthetic biology (SynBio) publications in Thomson Reuters Web of Science to characterize the emergence of this new scientific field. Three results were drawn from this empirical investigation. First, despite the exponential growth of publications, the study of population level statistics (newcomers proportion, collaboration network structure) shows that SynBio has entered a stabilization process since 2010. Second, the mapping of textual and citational networks shows that SynBio is characterized by high heterogeneity and four different approaches: the central approach, where biobrick engineering is the most widespread; genome engineering; protocell creation; and metabolic engineering. We suggest that synthetic biology acts as an umbrella term allowing for the mobilization of resources, and also serves to relate scientific content and promises of applications. Third, we observed a strong intertwinement between epistemic and socio-economic dynamics. Measuring scientific production and impact and using structural analysis data, we identified a core set of mostly American scientists. Biographical analysis shows that these central and influential scientists act as “boundary spanners,” meaning that their importance to the field lies not only in their academic contributions, but also in their capacity to interact with other social spaces that are outside the academic sphere.
156.
Cornilleau, Lise
In: Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 171-196, 2016.
@article{Cornilleau2016,
title = {La modélisation économique mondiale, une technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Généalogie, circulations et traductions d’un modèle de la sécurité alimentaire globale de l’IFPRI},
author = {Lise Cornilleau},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.031.0171},
doi = {10.3917/rac.031.0171},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {171-196},
abstract = {Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.
Book Chapters
157.
Tancoigne, Elise; Randles, Sally; Joly, Pierre-Benoît
Evolution of a concept: a scientometric analysis of RRI Book Chapter
In: Lindner, Ralf; Kuhlmann, Stefan; Randles, Sally; Bedsted, Bjørn; Gorgoni, Guido; Griessler, Erich; Loconto, Allison; Mejlgaard, Niels (Ed.): Navigating Towards Shared Responsibility in Research and Innovation: Approach, Process and Results of the Res-AGorA Project, pp. 40-45, 2016.
@inbook{Tancoigne2016,
title = {Evolution of a concept: a scientometric analysis of RRI},
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Sally Randles and Pierre-Benoît Joly},
editor = {Ralf Lindner and Stefan Kuhlmann and Sally Randles and Bjørn Bedsted and Guido Gorgoni and Erich Griessler and Allison Loconto and Niels Mejlgaard},
url = {http://irihs.ihs.ac.at/3909/1/urn_nbn_de_0011-n-3829371-3.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Navigating Towards Shared Responsibility in Research and Innovation: Approach, Process and Results of the Res-AGorA Project},
pages = {40-45},
abstract = {Political scientists have considered the complex interac-tions between words and power for a long time. The power of words lies not only in the performativity of language – a typical situation where saying something is doing some-thing – but covers a wide range of means related to sense making, issue framing, and the control of perception and the interpretation of reality. The importance of words of power (meaning powerful actors) may be identified in different mundane operations of political life (i.e. when spin doctors elaborate elements of language) and through well-known operations such as labelling or storytelling. These strong interactions between words and power have been taken into account in various streams of public policy analysis (Fischer 2003). They are also a central theme of policy fiction such as George Orwell’s 1984 which points out the role of “Newspeak” in totalitarian states. Hence, the appearance of new expressions in policy discourse ought to be considered as a symptom of crisis and / or of potential key changes. The case of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is interesting for its own sake but also since it illustrates the key role of the European Com-mission as a political entrepreneur which heavily draws on discourse framing (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004). In this chapter, we question the power of RRI words as well as the use of RRI by powerful institutions. What is the power of RRI, i.e. (to say it roughly) a tool for recasting governance of research and innovation or a tool for washing responsi-bility (Randles et al. 2014)? Who are the actors who define /discuss / promote RRI?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Political scientists have considered the complex interac-tions between words and power for a long time. The power of words lies not only in the performativity of language – a typical situation where saying something is doing some-thing – but covers a wide range of means related to sense making, issue framing, and the control of perception and the interpretation of reality. The importance of words of power (meaning powerful actors) may be identified in different mundane operations of political life (i.e. when spin doctors elaborate elements of language) and through well-known operations such as labelling or storytelling. These strong interactions between words and power have been taken into account in various streams of public policy analysis (Fischer 2003). They are also a central theme of policy fiction such as George Orwell’s 1984 which points out the role of “Newspeak” in totalitarian states. Hence, the appearance of new expressions in policy discourse ought to be considered as a symptom of crisis and / or of potential key changes. The case of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is interesting for its own sake but also since it illustrates the key role of the European Com-mission as a political entrepreneur which heavily draws on discourse framing (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004). In this chapter, we question the power of RRI words as well as the use of RRI by powerful institutions. What is the power of RRI, i.e. (to say it roughly) a tool for recasting governance of research and innovation or a tool for washing responsi-bility (Randles et al. 2014)? Who are the actors who define /discuss / promote RRI?
PhD Theses
158.
Oulion, Marina
The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies PhD Thesis
LISIS, Paris-Est University, 2016, (HAL Id : tel-01483966 , version 2).
@phdthesis{Oulion2016,
title = {The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies},
author = {Marina Oulion},
url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01483966},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-01},
urldate = {2016-09-01},
school = {LISIS, Paris-Est University},
abstract = {Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese. },
note = {HAL Id : tel-01483966 , version 2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese.
Technical Reports
159.
van den Besselaar, Peter; Khalili, Ali; de Graaf, Klaas Andries; Idrissou, Al; Loizou, Antonis; Schlobach, Stefan; van Harmelen, Frank
Towards an open infrastructure for Science, Technology and Innovation data Technical Report
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 2016, (https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf).
@techreport{besselaar2016towards,
title = {Towards an open infrastructure for Science, Technology and Innovation data},
author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Ali Khalili and Klaas Andries de Graaf and Al Idrissou and Antonis Loizou and Stefan Schlobach and Frank van Harmelen},
url = {https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {RISIS},
institution = {Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam},
abstract = {In this paper we describe the SMS data integration platform (http://sms.risis.eu), the technical core within the RISIS data infrastructure for Science. Technology and Innovation Studies (STI). The aim of the platform is to produce richer data to be used in social research – through the integration of heterogeneous datasets, ranging from tabular statistical data to unstructured data found on the Web. We outline the platform’s architecture and functions. An example shows how the platform enables data integration in practice. In another example we illustrate how the platform can create and adapt alternatives to the OECD Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by integrating data from multiple up-to-date open data sources.},
note = {https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
In this paper we describe the SMS data integration platform (http://sms.risis.eu), the technical core within the RISIS data infrastructure for Science. Technology and Innovation Studies (STI). The aim of the platform is to produce richer data to be used in social research – through the integration of heterogeneous datasets, ranging from tabular statistical data to unstructured data found on the Web. We outline the platform’s architecture and functions. An example shows how the platform enables data integration in practice. In another example we illustrate how the platform can create and adapt alternatives to the OECD Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by integrating data from multiple up-to-date open data sources.
160.
Benbouzid, Bilel; Villard, Lionel; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale Technical Report
2016.
@techreport{Benbouzid2016,
title = {Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale},
author = {Bilel Benbouzid and Lionel Villard and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01785745},
doi = {/10.13140/RG.2.2.28395.44326},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
series = {CESDIP},
abstract = {La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorTexT Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 1050 authors to trust CorTexT for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorTexT Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
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