2017
Technical Reports
201.
Bispo, Antonio; Gabrielle, Benoît; Makowski, David; Akkari, Monia El; Bamière, Laure; Barbottin, Aude; Bellassen, Valentin; Bessou, Cécile; Dumas, Patrice; Gaba, Sabrina; Wohlfahrt, Julie; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier
Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques Technical Report
Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie 2017.
@techreport{Bispo2017,
title = {Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques},
author = {Antonio Bispo and Benoît Gabrielle and David Makowski and Monia El Akkari and Laure Bamière and Aude Barbottin and Valentin Bellassen and Cécile Bessou and Patrice Dumas and Sabrina Gaba and Julie Wohlfahrt and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562314/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
pages = {68},
institution = {Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie},
abstract = {Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques. Synthèse du rapport d'étude.},
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Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques. Synthèse du rapport d'étude.
Workshops
202.
Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Abdo, Alexandre Hannud
Capturing Oncology Dynamics from Textual Content of Conference Abstracts: Word Embedding and Stochastic Block Models Workshop
2017.
@workshop{cointet2017capturing,
title = {Capturing Oncology Dynamics from Textual Content of Conference Abstracts: Word Embedding and Stochastic Block Models},
author = {Jean-Philippe Cointet and Alexandre Hannud Abdo},
url = {http://www.ixxi.fr/agenda/seminaires/understanding-the-dynamics-of-science-an-interdisciplinary-workshop?searchterm=Understanding+the+dynamics+of+science},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
abstract = {The availability of social data drives many scientists from the formal sciences (computer science, physics…) into the quantitative analysis of social systems. One early example of this trend is « scientometrics », the study of science’s structure and evolutions using large bibliographic datasets. Recent topics of interest in the field include the development of new formal tools to provide insights on the nature, structure and dynamics of scientific communities « bottom-up », i.e. without using predetermined classification schemes. Many scientists develop also interactive visualization platforms, or compare the pictures obtained by quantitative and qualitative methods.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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The availability of social data drives many scientists from the formal sciences (computer science, physics…) into the quantitative analysis of social systems. One early example of this trend is « scientometrics », the study of science’s structure and evolutions using large bibliographic datasets. Recent topics of interest in the field include the development of new formal tools to provide insights on the nature, structure and dynamics of scientific communities « bottom-up », i.e. without using predetermined classification schemes. Many scientists develop also interactive visualization platforms, or compare the pictures obtained by quantitative and qualitative methods.
2016
Journal Articles
203.
Leblond, Nelly; Trottier, Julie
Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 21-40, 2016.
@article{leblond2016performing,
title = {Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders},
author = {Nelly Leblond and Julie Trottier},
url = {http://www.redgtd.org/CENTRODOC/BD_ARCHIVOS/02_Leblond&Trottier_Global_Models_Food_Regimes&Smallholders_2016.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {21-40},
abstract = {The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.
204.
Raimbault, Benjamin; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Joly, Pierre-Benoît
Mapping the emergence of synthetic biology Journal Article
In: PloS one, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. e0161522, 2016.
@article{raimbault2016mapping,
title = {Mapping the emergence of synthetic biology},
author = {Benjamin Raimbault and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Pierre-Benoît Joly},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161522},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {e0161522},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {In this paper, we apply an original scientometric analyses to a corpus comprising synthetic biology (SynBio) publications in Thomson Reuters Web of Science to characterize the emergence of this new scientific field. Three results were drawn from this empirical investigation. First, despite the exponential growth of publications, the study of population level statistics (newcomers proportion, collaboration network structure) shows that SynBio has entered a stabilization process since 2010. Second, the mapping of textual and citational networks shows that SynBio is characterized by high heterogeneity and four different approaches: the central approach, where biobrick engineering is the most widespread; genome engineering; protocell creation; and metabolic engineering. We suggest that synthetic biology acts as an umbrella term allowing for the mobilization of resources, and also serves to relate scientific content and promises of applications. Third, we observed a strong intertwinement between epistemic and socio-economic dynamics. Measuring scientific production and impact and using structural analysis data, we identified a core set of mostly American scientists. Biographical analysis shows that these central and influential scientists act as “boundary spanners,” meaning that their importance to the field lies not only in their academic contributions, but also in their capacity to interact with other social spaces that are outside the academic sphere.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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In this paper, we apply an original scientometric analyses to a corpus comprising synthetic biology (SynBio) publications in Thomson Reuters Web of Science to characterize the emergence of this new scientific field. Three results were drawn from this empirical investigation. First, despite the exponential growth of publications, the study of population level statistics (newcomers proportion, collaboration network structure) shows that SynBio has entered a stabilization process since 2010. Second, the mapping of textual and citational networks shows that SynBio is characterized by high heterogeneity and four different approaches: the central approach, where biobrick engineering is the most widespread; genome engineering; protocell creation; and metabolic engineering. We suggest that synthetic biology acts as an umbrella term allowing for the mobilization of resources, and also serves to relate scientific content and promises of applications. Third, we observed a strong intertwinement between epistemic and socio-economic dynamics. Measuring scientific production and impact and using structural analysis data, we identified a core set of mostly American scientists. Biographical analysis shows that these central and influential scientists act as “boundary spanners,” meaning that their importance to the field lies not only in their academic contributions, but also in their capacity to interact with other social spaces that are outside the academic sphere.
205.
Cornilleau, Lise
La modélisation économique mondiale, une technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Généalogie, circulations et traductions d’un modèle de la sécurité alimentaire globale de l’IFPRI Journal Article
In: Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 171-196, 2016.
@article{Cornilleau2016,
title = {La modélisation économique mondiale, une technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Généalogie, circulations et traductions d’un modèle de la sécurité alimentaire globale de l’IFPRI},
author = {Lise Cornilleau},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.031.0171},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {171-196},
abstract = {Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.
Book Chapters
206.
Fausto, Sibele; Aventurier, Pascal
Scientific Literature on Twitter as a subject research: findings based on bibliometric analysis Book Chapter
In: Handbook Twitter For Research 2015 – 2016, pp. 242, EMLYON Press, 2016.
@inbook{fausto2016scientific,
title = {Scientific Literature on Twitter as a subject research: findings based on bibliometric analysis},
author = {Sibele Fausto and Pascal Aventurier},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297804/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Handbook Twitter For Research 2015 – 2016},
pages = {242},
publisher = {EMLYON Press},
abstract = {Since its launch in 2006, Internet platform Twitter has rapidly expanded. As a phenomenon of the digital era, Twitter generates a new type of research data that has received a good deal of attention in the academic literature. It has turned into a popular subject research that has been widely investigated in the academic world in different fields ranging from the Social Sciences to Health Sciences, addressing various questions, methods approaches, and covering multiple data sets. This study provides some findings of a bibliometric study which was conducted to describe the scientific literature available on Twitter with descriptive, quantitative information and also in a qualitative approach, in addition to the previous studies and designed as a contribution to a broader picture of how the evolution of the current scientific literature about Twitter is related to bibliographic data sets. Results show a variety of findings that can provide a better comprehension of this social media platform which evolved from a data source for the research to, nowadays, being a research subject itself },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
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Since its launch in 2006, Internet platform Twitter has rapidly expanded. As a phenomenon of the digital era, Twitter generates a new type of research data that has received a good deal of attention in the academic literature. It has turned into a popular subject research that has been widely investigated in the academic world in different fields ranging from the Social Sciences to Health Sciences, addressing various questions, methods approaches, and covering multiple data sets. This study provides some findings of a bibliometric study which was conducted to describe the scientific literature available on Twitter with descriptive, quantitative information and also in a qualitative approach, in addition to the previous studies and designed as a contribution to a broader picture of how the evolution of the current scientific literature about Twitter is related to bibliographic data sets. Results show a variety of findings that can provide a better comprehension of this social media platform which evolved from a data source for the research to, nowadays, being a research subject itself
207.
Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Mapping Topics in International Climate Negotiations: A Computer-Assisted Semantic Network Approach Book Chapter
In: Innovative Methods in Media and Communication Research, pp. 273-291, Springer, 2016.
@inbook{baya2016mapping,
title = {Mapping Topics in International Climate Negotiations: A Computer-Assisted Semantic Network Approach},
author = {Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-40700-5_14},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Innovative Methods in Media and Communication Research},
pages = {273-291},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them.
208.
Tancoigne, Elise; Randles, Sally; Joly, Pierre-Benoît
Evolution of a concept: a scientometric analysis of RRI Book Chapter
In: Lindner, Ralf; Kuhlmann, Stefan; Randles, Sally; Bedsted, Bjørn; Gorgoni, Guido; Griessler, Erich; Loconto, Allison; Mejlgaard, Niels (Ed.): Navigating Towards Shared Responsibility in Research and Innovation: Approach, Process and Results of the Res-AGorA Project, pp. 40-45, 2016.
@inbook{Tancoigne2016,
title = {Evolution of a concept: a scientometric analysis of RRI},
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Sally Randles and Pierre-Benoît Joly},
editor = {Ralf Lindner and Stefan Kuhlmann and Sally Randles and Bjørn Bedsted and Guido Gorgoni and Erich Griessler and Allison Loconto and Niels Mejlgaard},
url = {http://irihs.ihs.ac.at/3909/1/urn_nbn_de_0011-n-3829371-3.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Navigating Towards Shared Responsibility in Research and Innovation: Approach, Process and Results of the Res-AGorA Project},
pages = {40-45},
abstract = {Political scientists have considered the complex interac-tions between words and power for a long time. The power of words lies not only in the performativity of language – a typical situation where saying something is doing some-thing – but covers a wide range of means related to sense making, issue framing, and the control of perception and the interpretation of reality. The importance of words of power (meaning powerful actors) may be identified in different mundane operations of political life (i.e. when spin doctors elaborate elements of language) and through well-known operations such as labelling or storytelling. These strong interactions between words and power have been taken into account in various streams of public policy analysis (Fischer 2003). They are also a central theme of policy fiction such as George Orwell’s 1984 which points out the role of “Newspeak” in totalitarian states. Hence, the appearance of new expressions in policy discourse ought to be considered as a symptom of crisis and / or of potential key changes. The case of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is interesting for its own sake but also since it illustrates the key role of the European Com-mission as a political entrepreneur which heavily draws on discourse framing (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004). In this chapter, we question the power of RRI words as well as the use of RRI by powerful institutions. What is the power of RRI, i.e. (to say it roughly) a tool for recasting governance of research and innovation or a tool for washing responsi-bility (Randles et al. 2014)? Who are the actors who define /discuss / promote RRI?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Political scientists have considered the complex interac-tions between words and power for a long time. The power of words lies not only in the performativity of language – a typical situation where saying something is doing some-thing – but covers a wide range of means related to sense making, issue framing, and the control of perception and the interpretation of reality. The importance of words of power (meaning powerful actors) may be identified in different mundane operations of political life (i.e. when spin doctors elaborate elements of language) and through well-known operations such as labelling or storytelling. These strong interactions between words and power have been taken into account in various streams of public policy analysis (Fischer 2003). They are also a central theme of policy fiction such as George Orwell’s 1984 which points out the role of “Newspeak” in totalitarian states. Hence, the appearance of new expressions in policy discourse ought to be considered as a symptom of crisis and / or of potential key changes. The case of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is interesting for its own sake but also since it illustrates the key role of the European Com-mission as a political entrepreneur which heavily draws on discourse framing (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004). In this chapter, we question the power of RRI words as well as the use of RRI by powerful institutions. What is the power of RRI, i.e. (to say it roughly) a tool for recasting governance of research and innovation or a tool for washing responsi-bility (Randles et al. 2014)? Who are the actors who define /discuss / promote RRI?
Inproceedings
209.
Barbier, Marc; Tichit, Muriel; Gamfeldt, Lars; Hovstad, Knut Anders; Diekocer, T; Magda, Daniele; Siece, K; Weisser, Wolfgang; Soussana, Jean-François; Bengtsson, Jan
Scoping challenges for multiple service provision in agroecosystems: insights from data mining in scientific literature and research projects Inproceedings
In: 5. International EcoSummit 2016. Ecological Sustainability: Engineering Change, pp. np, 2016.
BibTeX | Links:
@inproceedings{barbier2016scoping,
title = {Scoping challenges for multiple service provision in agroecosystems: insights from data mining in scientific literature and research projects},
author = {Marc Barbier and Muriel Tichit and Lars Gamfeldt and Knut Anders Hovstad and T Diekocer and Daniele Magda and K Siece and Wolfgang Weisser and Jean-François Soussana and Jan Bengtsson},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01603673/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {5. International EcoSummit 2016. Ecological Sustainability: Engineering Change},
pages = {np},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
210.
Brás, Oriana Rainho; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Nunes, João Arriscado; David, Leonor; Cambrosio, Alberto
Mapping the networks of cancer research in Portugal: first results Inproceedings
In: 21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings, 2016.
@inproceedings{bras2016mapping,
title = {Mapping the networks of cancer research in Portugal: first results},
author = {Oriana Rainho Brás and Jean-Philippe Cointet and João Arriscado Nunes and Leonor David and Alberto Cambrosio},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/STI2016.2016.4543},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings},
abstract = {Social studies of cancer research at the international level have contributed to a better understanding of the developmental dynamics – both organizational and epistemic – of this field (Keating & Cambrosio, 2012). In contrast, despite its robust development, oncology research in Portugal has been the subject of only few studies. Most of them have a strong focus on the first half of the 20th century (Raposo, 2004; Costa, 2010, 2012a; 2012b), while a few focus on more contemporary events (Nunes, 2001). Consequently, we do not have a clear picture of recent trends in oncology research in Portugal, and how it integrates into the international landscape. This hinders public accountability of oncology research while also limiting the analysis of how this research relates to health care delivery, health outcomes, and health policy formulations. This paper presents the first results of an ongoing research project on the organizational and epistemic development of oncology research in Portugal, covering the period from the end of the 20th century to 2015. Among other issues, we intend to explore the extent to which oncology research in Portugal mirrors the international dynamics at a smaller scale, and the extent to which it presents features of its own. The study draws upon computer-based analysis of publications using the platform CorText (http://www.cortext.net/) of IFRIS (Institut Francilien Recherche, Innovation, Société), along with interviews with Portuguese oncologists and related practitioners.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Social studies of cancer research at the international level have contributed to a better understanding of the developmental dynamics – both organizational and epistemic – of this field (Keating & Cambrosio, 2012). In contrast, despite its robust development, oncology research in Portugal has been the subject of only few studies. Most of them have a strong focus on the first half of the 20th century (Raposo, 2004; Costa, 2010, 2012a; 2012b), while a few focus on more contemporary events (Nunes, 2001). Consequently, we do not have a clear picture of recent trends in oncology research in Portugal, and how it integrates into the international landscape. This hinders public accountability of oncology research while also limiting the analysis of how this research relates to health care delivery, health outcomes, and health policy formulations. This paper presents the first results of an ongoing research project on the organizational and epistemic development of oncology research in Portugal, covering the period from the end of the 20th century to 2015. Among other issues, we intend to explore the extent to which oncology research in Portugal mirrors the international dynamics at a smaller scale, and the extent to which it presents features of its own. The study draws upon computer-based analysis of publications using the platform CorText (http://www.cortext.net/) of IFRIS (Institut Francilien Recherche, Innovation, Société), along with interviews with Portuguese oncologists and related practitioners.
211.
Ruiz, Pablo; Plancq, Clément; Poibeau, Thierry
Climate Negotiation Analysis Inproceedings
In: Digital Humanities 2016, pp. 663-666, 2016.
@inproceedings{fabo2016climate,
title = {Climate Negotiation Analysis},
author = {Pablo Ruiz and Clément Plancq and Thierry Poibeau},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01423299},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Digital Humanities 2016},
pages = {663-666},
abstract = {Text analysis methods based on word co-occurrence have yielded useful results in humanities and social sciences research. Whereas these methods provide a useful overview of a corpus, they cannot determine the predicates relating co-occurring elements with each other. For instance, if France and the phrase "binding commitments" co-occur within a sentence, how are both elements related? Is France in favour of, or against binding commitments? Different natural language processing (NLP) technologies can identify related elements in text, and the predicates relating them. We are developing a workflow to analyze the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, which summarizes international climate negotiations. A sentence in this corpus can contain several verbal or nominal predicates indicating support and opposition. Results were uneven when applying Open Relation Extraction tools to this corpus. To address these challenges, we developed a workflow with a domain model, and analysis rules that exploit annotations for semantic roles and pronominal anaphora, provided by an NLP pipeline. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Text analysis methods based on word co-occurrence have yielded useful results in humanities and social sciences research. Whereas these methods provide a useful overview of a corpus, they cannot determine the predicates relating co-occurring elements with each other. For instance, if France and the phrase "binding commitments" co-occur within a sentence, how are both elements related? Is France in favour of, or against binding commitments? Different natural language processing (NLP) technologies can identify related elements in text, and the predicates relating them. We are developing a workflow to analyze the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, which summarizes international climate negotiations. A sentence in this corpus can contain several verbal or nominal predicates indicating support and opposition. Results were uneven when applying Open Relation Extraction tools to this corpus. To address these challenges, we developed a workflow with a domain model, and analysis rules that exploit annotations for semantic roles and pronominal anaphora, provided by an NLP pipeline.
212.
Rykov, Yuri; Nagornyy, Oleg; Koltsova, Olessia
Semantic and Geospatial Mapping of Instagram Images in Saint-Petersburg Inproceedings
In: Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language AINL FRUCT 2016 Conference, pp. 75, 2016.
@inproceedings{rykov2016semantic,
title = {Semantic and Geospatial Mapping of Instagram Images in Saint-Petersburg},
author = {Yuri Rykov and Oleg Nagornyy and Olessia Koltsova},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316664797_Semantic_and_Geospatial_Mapping_of_Instagram_Images_in_Saint-Petersburg},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language AINL FRUCT 2016 Conference},
volume = {2607},
pages = {75},
abstract = {The availability of large urban social media data creates new opportunities for studying cities. In our paper we propose a new direction for this research: a joint analysis of geolocations of shared images and their content as determined by computer vision. To test our ideas, we use a dataset of 47,410 Instagram images shared in the city of St.Petersburg over one year. We show how a combination of semantic clustering, image recognition and geospatial analysis can detect important patterns related to both how people use a city and how they represent in social media.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The availability of large urban social media data creates new opportunities for studying cities. In our paper we propose a new direction for this research: a joint analysis of geolocations of shared images and their content as determined by computer vision. To test our ideas, we use a dataset of 47,410 Instagram images shared in the city of St.Petersburg over one year. We show how a combination of semantic clustering, image recognition and geospatial analysis can detect important patterns related to both how people use a city and how they represent in social media.
213.
van den Besselaar, Peter; Stout, Luka; Gou, Xiaoli
Predicting panel scores by linguistic analysis Inproceedings
In: Science and Technology Indicators, pp. 1081-1088, 2016.
@inproceedings{vandenBesselaar2016,
title = {Predicting panel scores by linguistic analysis},
author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Luka Stout and Xiaoli Gou},
url = {https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:48050895},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Science and Technology Indicators},
pages = {1081-1088},
abstract = {In this paper we explore the use of text analysis for deriving quality indicators of project proposals. We do full text analysis of 3030 review reports. After term extraction, we aggregate the term occurrences to linguistic categories. Using thse linguistic categories as independent variables, we study how well these predict the grading by the review panels. Together, the different linguistic categories explain about 50% of the variance in the grading of the applications. The relative importance of the different linguistic categories inform us about the way the panels work. This can be used to develop altmetrics for the quality of the peer and panel review processes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we explore the use of text analysis for deriving quality indicators of project proposals. We do full text analysis of 3030 review reports. After term extraction, we aggregate the term occurrences to linguistic categories. Using thse linguistic categories as independent variables, we study how well these predict the grading by the review panels. Together, the different linguistic categories explain about 50% of the variance in the grading of the applications. The relative importance of the different linguistic categories inform us about the way the panels work. This can be used to develop altmetrics for the quality of the peer and panel review processes.
214.
van den Besselaar, Peter; Khalili, Ali; Idrissou, Al; Loizou, Antonis; Schlobach, Stefan; van Harmelen, Frank
SMS: a linked open data infrastructure for science and innovation studies Inproceedings
In: Science and Technology Indicators, pp. 106-114, 2016.
@inproceedings{vandenBesselaar2016b,
title = {SMS: a linked open data infrastructure for science and innovation studies},
author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Ali Khalili and Al Idrissou and Antonis Loizou and Stefan Schlobach and Frank van Harmelen},
url = {https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/sms-a-linked-open-data-infrastructure-for-science-and-innovation-},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Science and Technology Indicators},
pages = {106-114},
abstract = {In this paper we describe a data integration infrastructure for Science Technology and Innovation (STI) studies developed within the context of the RISIS project. We outline its architecture and functionalities. In the full paper, we will show the use of the infrastructure in a complex research project. At the conference we will give a demonstration.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we describe a data integration infrastructure for Science Technology and Innovation (STI) studies developed within the context of the RISIS project. We outline its architecture and functionalities. In the full paper, we will show the use of the infrastructure in a complex research project. At the conference we will give a demonstration.
215.
Robinson, Douglas K. R.; Schoen, Antoine; Laurens, Patricia; Horellou, Süzel; Colas, Pierre; Larédo, Philippe
Assessing marine biotechnology research centres in peripheral regions: developing global and local STI indicators Inproceedings
In: Science and Technology Indicators, pp. 575-580, 2016.
@inproceedings{Robinson2016,
title = {Assessing marine biotechnology research centres in peripheral regions: developing global and local STI indicators},
author = {Douglas K.R. Robinson and Antoine Schoen and Patricia Laurens and Süzel Horellou and Pierre Colas and Philippe Larédo},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01704087},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Science and Technology Indicators},
pages = {575-580},
abstract = {Our study tackles the challenge of developing STI indicators for assessing marine biotechnology (Blue Bio) research institutes that are geographically located in peripheral regions, far from major metropolitan areas. The promise of Blue Bio couples (a) the promise of new sources of knowledge and innovation with (b) the promise to stimulate jobs and growth2 in regions which struggle to prosper due to a number of factors (such as economic migration from peripheries to large cities, decline of traditional coastal economic activity etc.). In this paper we outline the context of Marine Biotechnology assessment, the framework that is being used, and the first results of its application.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Our study tackles the challenge of developing STI indicators for assessing marine biotechnology (Blue Bio) research institutes that are geographically located in peripheral regions, far from major metropolitan areas. The promise of Blue Bio couples (a) the promise of new sources of knowledge and innovation with (b) the promise to stimulate jobs and growth2 in regions which struggle to prosper due to a number of factors (such as economic migration from peripheries to large cities, decline of traditional coastal economic activity etc.). In this paper we outline the context of Marine Biotechnology assessment, the framework that is being used, and the first results of its application.
PhD Theses
216.
Oulion, Marina
The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies PhD Thesis
LISIS, Paris-Est University, 2016.
@phdthesis{Oulion2016,
title = {The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies},
author = {Marina Oulion},
url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01483966},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-01},
school = {LISIS, Paris-Est University},
abstract = {Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese.
Technical Reports
217.
van den Besselaar, Peter; Khalili, Ali; de Graaf, Klaas Andries; Idrissou, Al; Loizou, Antonis; Schlobach, Stefan; van Harmelen, Frank
Towards an open infrastructure for Science, Technology and Innovation data Technical Report
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 2016, (https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf).
@techreport{besselaar2016towards,
title = {Towards an open infrastructure for Science, Technology and Innovation data},
author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Ali Khalili and Klaas Andries de Graaf and Al Idrissou and Antonis Loizou and Stefan Schlobach and Frank van Harmelen},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {RISIS},
institution = {Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam},
abstract = {In this paper we describe the SMS data integration platform (http://sms.risis.eu), the technical core within the RISIS data infrastructure for Science. Technology and Innovation Studies (STI). The aim of the platform is to produce richer data to be used in social research – through the integration of heterogeneous datasets, ranging from tabular statistical data to unstructured data found on the Web. We outline the platform’s architecture and functions. An example shows how the platform enables data integration in practice. In another example we illustrate how the platform can create and adapt alternatives to the OECD Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by integrating data from multiple up-to-date open data sources.},
note = {https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
In this paper we describe the SMS data integration platform (http://sms.risis.eu), the technical core within the RISIS data infrastructure for Science. Technology and Innovation Studies (STI). The aim of the platform is to produce richer data to be used in social research – through the integration of heterogeneous datasets, ranging from tabular statistical data to unstructured data found on the Web. We outline the platform’s architecture and functions. An example shows how the platform enables data integration in practice. In another example we illustrate how the platform can create and adapt alternatives to the OECD Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by integrating data from multiple up-to-date open data sources.
218.
Benbouzid, Bilel; Villard, Lionel; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale Technical Report
2016.
@techreport{Benbouzid2016,
title = {Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale},
author = {Bilel Benbouzid and Lionel Villard and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01785745},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
series = {CESDIP},
abstract = {La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation.
2015
Journal Articles
219.
AlMaghlouth, Nada; Arvanitis, Rigas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Hanafi, Sari
Who frames the debate on the Arab uprisings? Analysis of Arabic, English, and French academic scholarship Journal Article
In: International sociology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 418–441, 2015.
@article{almaghlouth2015frames,
title = {Who frames the debate on the Arab uprisings? Analysis of Arabic, English, and French academic scholarship},
author = {Nada AlMaghlouth and Rigas Arvanitis and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Sari Hanafi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580915580157},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International sociology},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {418--441},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {Since 2010, there has been a proliferation of literature (newspaper articles and scholarly publications) on the recent uprisings in some Arab countries. This article focuses on the way the academic articles have perceived the Arab uprisings and the ways in which we portray them in scientific discourse, taking into account the social forces that come into play in the production of knowledge. In line with Bruno Latour, this study analyzes (1) what knowledge on the Arab uprisings is made of; (2) who produces and who frames the debate (network of authors); (3) semiotic analysis; and (4) quantitative measures of ‘sociological markers,’ such as discipline, language, and institutional affiliation. The study is based on a database of around 519 articles (from Web of Science, Scopus, E-Marefa, Cairn) dealing with the Arab uprisings from January 2011 up to now.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since 2010, there has been a proliferation of literature (newspaper articles and scholarly publications) on the recent uprisings in some Arab countries. This article focuses on the way the academic articles have perceived the Arab uprisings and the ways in which we portray them in scientific discourse, taking into account the social forces that come into play in the production of knowledge. In line with Bruno Latour, this study analyzes (1) what knowledge on the Arab uprisings is made of; (2) who produces and who frames the debate (network of authors); (3) semiotic analysis; and (4) quantitative measures of ‘sociological markers,’ such as discipline, language, and institutional affiliation. The study is based on a database of around 519 articles (from Web of Science, Scopus, E-Marefa, Cairn) dealing with the Arab uprisings from January 2011 up to now.
220.
Mesmoudi, Salma; Rodic, Mathieu; Cioli, Claudia; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Yarkoni, Tal; Burnod, Yves
Linkrbrain: Multi-scale data integrator of the brain Journal Article
In: Journal of neuroscience methods, vol. 241, pp. 44-52, 2015.
@article{mesmoudi2015linkrbrain,
title = {Linkrbrain: Multi-scale data integrator of the brain},
author = {Salma Mesmoudi and Mathieu Rodic and Claudia Cioli and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Tal Yarkoni and Yves Burnod},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.12.008},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
volume = {241},
pages = {44-52},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Background LinkRbrain is an open-access web platform for multi-scale data integration and visualization of human brain data. This platform integrates anatomical, functional, and genetic knowledge produced by the scientific community. New method The linkRbrain platform has two major components: (1) a data aggregation component that integrates multiple open databases into a single platform with a unified representation; and (2) a website that provides fast multi-scale integration and visualization of these data and makes the results immediately available. Results LinkRbrain allows users to visualize functional networks or/and genetic expression over a standard brain template (MNI152). Interrelationships between these components based on topographical overlap are displayed using relational graphs. Moreover, linkRbrain enables comparison of new experimental results with previous published works. Comparison with existing methods Previous tools and studies illustrate the opportunities of data mining across multiple tiers of neuroscience and genetic information. However, a global systematic approach is still missing to gather cognitive, topographical, and genetic knowledge in a common framework in order to facilitate their visualization, comparison, and integration. Conclusions LinkRbrain is an efficient open-access tool that affords an integrative understanding of human brain function. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background LinkRbrain is an open-access web platform for multi-scale data integration and visualization of human brain data. This platform integrates anatomical, functional, and genetic knowledge produced by the scientific community. New method The linkRbrain platform has two major components: (1) a data aggregation component that integrates multiple open databases into a single platform with a unified representation; and (2) a website that provides fast multi-scale integration and visualization of these data and makes the results immediately available. Results LinkRbrain allows users to visualize functional networks or/and genetic expression over a standard brain template (MNI152). Interrelationships between these components based on topographical overlap are displayed using relational graphs. Moreover, linkRbrain enables comparison of new experimental results with previous published works. Comparison with existing methods Previous tools and studies illustrate the opportunities of data mining across multiple tiers of neuroscience and genetic information. However, a global systematic approach is still missing to gather cognitive, topographical, and genetic knowledge in a common framework in order to facilitate their visualization, comparison, and integration. Conclusions LinkRbrain is an efficient open-access tool that affords an integrative understanding of human brain function.
221.
Ruiz-Martinez, Irune; Marraccini, Elisa; Debolini, Marta; Bonari, Enrico
Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature Journal Article
In: Italian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 74–84, 2015.
@article{ruiz2015indicators,
title = {Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature},
author = {Irune Ruiz-Martinez and Elisa Marraccini and Marta Debolini and Enrico Bonari},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277628},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Italian Journal of Agronomy},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {74--84},
abstract = {Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis on: i) farming systems studied; ii) related ecosystem services; iii) indicators of intensity; and iv) temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Through this two-step analysis we were able to highlight three main research gaps in the AI research indicators. Firstly, the farming systems analysed for assessing AI are often quite simplified or monoculture-oriented, and they do not take the diversity and complex organisation of farming systems into account. Secondly, these studies mainly focus on northern countries or developing countries, whereas there is a gap of knowledge in Mediterranean areas, which are the areas with a high complexity of farming systems and diversity in ecosystem services. Finally, AI is mostly assessed through nitrogen inputs and economic yield, which are used the most both at very local and global levels. Intermediate regional or local levels, which are relevant for policy implementation and local planning, are often neglected. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis on: i) farming systems studied; ii) related ecosystem services; iii) indicators of intensity; and iv) temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Through this two-step analysis we were able to highlight three main research gaps in the AI research indicators. Firstly, the farming systems analysed for assessing AI are often quite simplified or monoculture-oriented, and they do not take the diversity and complex organisation of farming systems into account. Secondly, these studies mainly focus on northern countries or developing countries, whereas there is a gap of knowledge in Mediterranean areas, which are the areas with a high complexity of farming systems and diversity in ecosystem services. Finally, AI is mostly assessed through nitrogen inputs and economic yield, which are used the most both at very local and global levels. Intermediate regional or local levels, which are relevant for policy implementation and local planning, are often neglected.
222.
Rule, Alix; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Bearman, Peter
Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790-2014 Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no. 35, pp. 10837-10844, 2015.
@article{rule2015lexical,
title = {Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790-2014},
author = {Alix Rule and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Peter Bearman},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512221112},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
volume = {112},
number = {35},
pages = {10837-10844},
publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
abstract = {This study reveals that the entry into World War I in 1917 indexed the decisive transition to the modern period in American political consciousness, ushering in new objects of political discourse, a more rapid pace of change of those objects, and a fundamental reframing of the main tasks of governance. We develop a strategy for identifying meaningful categories in textual corpora that span long historic durées, where terms, concepts, and language use changes. Our approach is able to account for the fluidity of discursive categories over time, and to analyze their continuity by identifying the discursive stream as the object of interest.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study reveals that the entry into World War I in 1917 indexed the decisive transition to the modern period in American political consciousness, ushering in new objects of political discourse, a more rapid pace of change of those objects, and a fundamental reframing of the main tasks of governance. We develop a strategy for identifying meaningful categories in textual corpora that span long historic durées, where terms, concepts, and language use changes. Our approach is able to account for the fluidity of discursive categories over time, and to analyze their continuity by identifying the discursive stream as the object of interest.
Book Chapters
223.
Aventurier, Pascal; Ollivier, Guillaume; de Alencar, Maria Cleofas Faggion; Bellon, Stéphane
Estudo cientométrico dos Congressos Brasileiros de Agroecologia Book Chapter
In: Redes de agroecologias : experiênçias no Brasil e na França, pp. 248, 2015.
@inbook{Aventurier2015,
title = {Estudo cientométrico dos Congressos Brasileiros de Agroecologia},
author = {Pascal Aventurier and Guillaume Ollivier and Maria Cleofas Faggion de Alencar and Stéphane Bellon},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01181041/},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Redes de agroecologias : experiênçias no Brasil e na França},
pages = {248},
abstract = {A produção técnico-científica internacional em Agroecologia, cuja fundamentação está ancorada nas bases de dados bibliográficas internacionais, o Web of Science (WoS) e o Scopus. Quando começamos a estudar a produção internacional, encontramos menos de 150 textos de pesquisadores brasileiros em mais de 2.500 artigos em Agroecologia (OLLIVIER et al., 2011, ALENCAR; AVENTURIER, 2013), que representa um número pequeno em relação à dinâmica de produção de conhecimento em Agroecologia no Brasil. A análise de Alencar e Aventurier, em 2014, mostrou que existem mais de 8.000 textos sobre o assunto publicados em congressos, artigos de revistas, dissertações e teses que estão sendo coletados e armazenados para estudos dos projetos “Repositório de acesso livre para agroecologia e agricultura orgânica do Brasil” (FAPESP, projeto 2009/54940-9) e “Agroecologia na França e no Brasil: entre redes científicas, movimentos sociais e políticas públicas” (CAPES/COFECUB, projeto 716/2011). Embora a história da Agroecologia no Brasil tenha se manifestado com abundância de atividades, principalmente nos congressos em agroecologia, a sua visibilidade não corresponde à dinâmica da produção técnico-científica internacional (ALENCAR, AVENTURIER, 2013). },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
A produção técnico-científica internacional em Agroecologia, cuja fundamentação está ancorada nas bases de dados bibliográficas internacionais, o Web of Science (WoS) e o Scopus. Quando começamos a estudar a produção internacional, encontramos menos de 150 textos de pesquisadores brasileiros em mais de 2.500 artigos em Agroecologia (OLLIVIER et al., 2011, ALENCAR; AVENTURIER, 2013), que representa um número pequeno em relação à dinâmica de produção de conhecimento em Agroecologia no Brasil. A análise de Alencar e Aventurier, em 2014, mostrou que existem mais de 8.000 textos sobre o assunto publicados em congressos, artigos de revistas, dissertações e teses que estão sendo coletados e armazenados para estudos dos projetos “Repositório de acesso livre para agroecologia e agricultura orgânica do Brasil” (FAPESP, projeto 2009/54940-9) e “Agroecologia na França e no Brasil: entre redes científicas, movimentos sociais e políticas públicas” (CAPES/COFECUB, projeto 716/2011). Embora a história da Agroecologia no Brasil tenha se manifestado com abundância de atividades, principalmente nos congressos em agroecologia, a sua visibilidade não corresponde à dinâmica da produção técnico-científica internacional (ALENCAR, AVENTURIER, 2013).
224.
Chavalarias, David; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cornilleau, Lise; Duong, Tan Kiem; Mogoutov, Andrei; Villard, Lionel; Roth, Camille; Thierry, Savy
Thematic Domination of Media Framing Book Chapter
In: Atlas of Knowledge Anyone Can Map, pp. 17, 2015.
@inbook{Chavalarias2015,
title = {Thematic Domination of Media Framing},
author = {David Chavalarias and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lise Cornilleau and Tan Kiem Duong and Andrei Mogoutov and Lionel Villard and Camille Roth and Savy Thierry},
url = {https://cns.iu.edu//docs/handouts/Atlas_of_Knowledge_Flyer_hi.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Atlas of Knowledge Anyone Can Map},
pages = {17},
abstract = {Text-mining network analysis tools are used to identify the key themes discussed in the press at a given period. Each article is then associated with these automatically reconstructed topics whether they correspond to concerns expressed at the local level, or general statements and action at national/international level. These news items are also geo-located both by the origin of the story and the places mentioned in the story enabling to map how a given theme or issue is distributed over the world. Moreover, themes identified at successive time steps are reconnected into streams of content. A stream visualization illustrates how topics articulate through time. An online interface allows to visualize these maps, themes and news entries and to answer questions such as : Is an issue – concerning for example the impact of climatic change on food security – attracting more attention with time? How this specific issue relates with contiguous subjects (use of biofuel for example) ? Does the climatic change issue observed at a given time stem from, possibly various, past issue framing or is it a completely emergent topic ?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Text-mining network analysis tools are used to identify the key themes discussed in the press at a given period. Each article is then associated with these automatically reconstructed topics whether they correspond to concerns expressed at the local level, or general statements and action at national/international level. These news items are also geo-located both by the origin of the story and the places mentioned in the story enabling to map how a given theme or issue is distributed over the world. Moreover, themes identified at successive time steps are reconnected into streams of content. A stream visualization illustrates how topics articulate through time. An online interface allows to visualize these maps, themes and news entries and to answer questions such as : Is an issue – concerning for example the impact of climatic change on food security – attracting more attention with time? How this specific issue relates with contiguous subjects (use of biofuel for example) ? Does the climatic change issue observed at a given time stem from, possibly various, past issue framing or is it a completely emergent topic ?
Inproceedings
225.
Quatrebarbes, Constance De; Mazieres, Antoine; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Monitoring Issues in Digital Public Space-From Data Collection to Issue Mapping Inproceedings
In: Etudier le Web politique: Regards croisés (WEBPOL), 2015.
@inproceedings{de2015monitoring,
title = {Monitoring Issues in Digital Public Space-From Data Collection to Issue Mapping},
author = {Constance De Quatrebarbes and Antoine Mazieres and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01771550},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Etudier le Web politique: Regards croisés (WEBPOL)},
abstract = {This article objectives are twofold. Its aim is both to introduce the principles of CrawText: an online data collection tool, and to identify some perspectives on the possible use of those digital traces for the analysis of public issues. CrawText specificity is to enable the construction of controlled corpora focusing on a given topic. Besides it allows to track the evolution of digital territories along time, paving the way toward the monitoring of actors and content dynamics in those public spaces. We will briefly illustrate those analytical perspectives with a case study on current discussions about the Climate Change Conference COP 21 to be held in Paris next Fall.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article objectives are twofold. Its aim is both to introduce the principles of CrawText: an online data collection tool, and to identify some perspectives on the possible use of those digital traces for the analysis of public issues. CrawText specificity is to enable the construction of controlled corpora focusing on a given topic. Besides it allows to track the evolution of digital territories along time, paving the way toward the monitoring of actors and content dynamics in those public spaces. We will briefly illustrate those analytical perspectives with a case study on current discussions about the Climate Change Conference COP 21 to be held in Paris next Fall.
226.
Poibeau, Thierry; Ruiz, Pablo
Generating navigable semantic maps from social sciences corpora Inproceedings
In: Digital Humanities 2015, 2015.
@inproceedings{poibeau2015generating,
title = {Generating navigable semantic maps from social sciences corpora},
author = {Thierry Poibeau and Pablo Ruiz},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173963},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Digital Humanities 2015},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.02020},
abstract = {It is now commonplace to observe that we are facing a deluge of online information. Researchers have of course long acknowledged the potential value of this information since digital traces make it possible to directly observe, describe and analyze social facts, and above all the co-‐evolution of ideas and communities over time. However, most online information is expressed through text, which means it is not directly usable by machines, since computers require structured, organized and typed information in order to be able to manipulate it. Our goal is thus twofold: 1. Provide new natural language processing techniques aiming at automatically extracting relevant information from texts, especially in the context of social sciences, and connect these pieces of information so as to obtain relevant socio-‐ semantic networks ; 2. Provide new ways of exploring these socio-‐semantic networks , thanks to tools allowing one to dynamically navigate these networks , de-‐construct and re-‐ construct them interactively , from different points of view following the needs expressed by domain experts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
It is now commonplace to observe that we are facing a deluge of online information. Researchers have of course long acknowledged the potential value of this information since digital traces make it possible to directly observe, describe and analyze social facts, and above all the co-‐evolution of ideas and communities over time. However, most online information is expressed through text, which means it is not directly usable by machines, since computers require structured, organized and typed information in order to be able to manipulate it. Our goal is thus twofold: 1. Provide new natural language processing techniques aiming at automatically extracting relevant information from texts, especially in the context of social sciences, and connect these pieces of information so as to obtain relevant socio-‐ semantic networks ; 2. Provide new ways of exploring these socio-‐semantic networks , thanks to tools allowing one to dynamically navigate these networks , de-‐construct and re-‐ construct them interactively , from different points of view following the needs expressed by domain experts.
227.
Raimbault, Juste
Models Coupling Urban Growth and Transportation Network Growth: An Algorithmic Systematic Review Approach ECTQG 2015, Bari Inproceedings
In: European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography 2015, 2015.
@inproceedings{raimbault2015models,
title = {Models Coupling Urban Growth and Transportation Network Growth: An Algorithmic Systematic Review Approach ECTQG 2015, Bari},
author = {Juste Raimbault},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01857256/},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography 2015},
abstract = {A broad bibliographical study suggests a scarcity of quantitative models of simulation integrating both network and urban growth. This absence may be due to diverging interests of concerned disciplines, resulting in a lack of communication. We propose to proceed to an algorithmic systematic review to give quantitative elements of answer to this question. A formal iterative algorithm to retrieve corpuses of references from initial keywords, based on text-mining, is developed and implemented. We study its convergence properties and do a sensitivity analysis. We then apply it on queries representative of the specific question, for which results tend to confirm the assumption of disciplines compartmentalisation. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A broad bibliographical study suggests a scarcity of quantitative models of simulation integrating both network and urban growth. This absence may be due to diverging interests of concerned disciplines, resulting in a lack of communication. We propose to proceed to an algorithmic systematic review to give quantitative elements of answer to this question. A formal iterative algorithm to retrieve corpuses of references from initial keywords, based on text-mining, is developed and implemented. We study its convergence properties and do a sensitivity analysis. We then apply it on queries representative of the specific question, for which results tend to confirm the assumption of disciplines compartmentalisation.
Masters Theses
228.
el Jamal, Sarah
Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study Masters Thesis
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 2015.
@mastersthesis{elJamal2015,
title = {Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study},
author = {Sarah el Jamal},
url = {https://scholarworks.aub.edu.lb/bitstream/handle/10938/10615/t-6197.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-02},
address = {Beirut, Lebanon},
school = {American University of Beirut},
abstract = {Based on Mannheim's theory that knowledge is socially constructed, and its production process is influenced by the social context in which it occurs, this study seeks to identify and analyze the social influences and forces behind the knowledge produced and disseminated in the form of academic journal articles on the topic of poverty in the Arab World. Although the knowledge production process will not be studied in its making, certain features and elements of the final body of knowledge (the articles) will be taken as telling indicators of the process in hindsight. These will be the basis of three kinds of analyses that will be carried out: content analysis, authorship analysis, and citation analysis. In content analysis, I will scrutinize the poverty concepts used, the methodologies applied, the use of theory including theoretical frameworks of the studies, the prevailing political and epistemological paradigms, the structure of the articles, and the types of articles (critique, essay, fieldwork). In authorship analysis, I will survey the sociological markers pertaining to the authors and institutions producing the articles. In citation analysis, I will analyze the characteristics and trends of the references. Ultimately, I seek to answer the following question: What are the social factors conditioning the production of academic articles on poverty in the Arab World, and what are the observed trends thereof?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
Based on Mannheim's theory that knowledge is socially constructed, and its production process is influenced by the social context in which it occurs, this study seeks to identify and analyze the social influences and forces behind the knowledge produced and disseminated in the form of academic journal articles on the topic of poverty in the Arab World. Although the knowledge production process will not be studied in its making, certain features and elements of the final body of knowledge (the articles) will be taken as telling indicators of the process in hindsight. These will be the basis of three kinds of analyses that will be carried out: content analysis, authorship analysis, and citation analysis. In content analysis, I will scrutinize the poverty concepts used, the methodologies applied, the use of theory including theoretical frameworks of the studies, the prevailing political and epistemological paradigms, the structure of the articles, and the types of articles (critique, essay, fieldwork). In authorship analysis, I will survey the sociological markers pertaining to the authors and institutions producing the articles. In citation analysis, I will analyze the characteristics and trends of the references. Ultimately, I seek to answer the following question: What are the social factors conditioning the production of academic articles on poverty in the Arab World, and what are the observed trends thereof?
Miscellaneous
229.
Turenne, Nicolas; Andro, Mathieu; Corbière, Roselyne; Phan, Tien T
Open data platform for knowledge access in plant health domain: VESPA Mining Miscellaneous
2015.
@misc{turenne2015open,
title = {Open data platform for knowledge access in plant health domain: VESPA Mining},
author = {Nicolas Turenne and Mathieu Andro and Roselyne Corbière and Tien T Phan},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208763},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {arXiv preprint},
abstract = {Important data are locked in ancient literature. It would be uneconomic to produce these data again and today or to extract them without the help of text mining technologies. Vespa is a text mining project whose aim is to extract data on pest and crops interactions, to model and predict attacks on crops, and to reduce the use of pesticides. A few attempts proposed an agricultural information access. Another originality of our work is to parse documents with a dependency of the document architecture. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Important data are locked in ancient literature. It would be uneconomic to produce these data again and today or to extract them without the help of text mining technologies. Vespa is a text mining project whose aim is to extract data on pest and crops interactions, to model and predict attacks on crops, and to reduce the use of pesticides. A few attempts proposed an agricultural information access. Another originality of our work is to parse documents with a dependency of the document architecture.
Technical Reports
230.
Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe
Les effets d’une programmation thématique des activités de la recherche publique Technical Report
2015, (DOI 10.13140/RG.2.1.4600.0485).
@techreport{barbier2015effets,
title = {Les effets d’une programmation thématique des activités de la recherche publique},
author = {Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marc_Barbier/publication/280597175_Les_effets_d%27une_programmation_thematique_des_activites_de_la_recherche_publique/links/55bc8c4408aed621de0dd5ee/Les-effets-dune-programmation-thematique-des-activites-de-la-recherche-publique.pdf
https://www.cortext.net/wp-content/uploads/barbier-farigoule-poster_efsa_scientometric-1.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
abstract = {A l’issue de 8 années de programmation, l’ANR a initié une réflexion sur le bilan et les impacts des programmes ADD/SYSTERRA/AGROBIOSPHERE et sollicité la conduite d’une étude sur les projets soumis et lauréats de ces programmes. Cette communication propose les résultats d’une entreprise de caractérisation de ces impacts fondée sur l’analyse de données textuelles de corpus de projets répondant aux appels de trois programmes successifs. Suivant une méthodologie d’étude de domaine de recherche déjà éprouvée, le travail a consisté à caractériser l’évolution conjointe des thématiques de recherche et la structuration de communautés de recherche, suivant l’idée de la structuration d’une offre de promesses scientifiques portées par des collaborations de laboratoires. Les analyses ont été possibles grâce à la formation d’une base de données des projets soumis qui a fait l’objet d’un important travail ingénierique (application projbase). Ces analyses ont été réalisées avec la plateforme CorTexT grâce à l’application CorTexT-Manager qui permet des calculs de graphes de mots-associés et la visualisation de clusterisation de ces graphes. Ce travail exploratoire correspond à un intérêt grandissant de communautés en sciences sociales pour les dynamiques de recherche et les politiques qui les visent à un moment où les grands enjeux du développement durable font l’objet d’un traitement accru dans le cadre d’une gouvernance naissante du système terre.},
note = {DOI 10.13140/RG.2.1.4600.0485},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
A l’issue de 8 années de programmation, l’ANR a initié une réflexion sur le bilan et les impacts des programmes ADD/SYSTERRA/AGROBIOSPHERE et sollicité la conduite d’une étude sur les projets soumis et lauréats de ces programmes. Cette communication propose les résultats d’une entreprise de caractérisation de ces impacts fondée sur l’analyse de données textuelles de corpus de projets répondant aux appels de trois programmes successifs. Suivant une méthodologie d’étude de domaine de recherche déjà éprouvée, le travail a consisté à caractériser l’évolution conjointe des thématiques de recherche et la structuration de communautés de recherche, suivant l’idée de la structuration d’une offre de promesses scientifiques portées par des collaborations de laboratoires. Les analyses ont été possibles grâce à la formation d’une base de données des projets soumis qui a fait l’objet d’un important travail ingénierique (application projbase). Ces analyses ont été réalisées avec la plateforme CorTexT grâce à l’application CorTexT-Manager qui permet des calculs de graphes de mots-associés et la visualisation de clusterisation de ces graphes. Ce travail exploratoire correspond à un intérêt grandissant de communautés en sciences sociales pour les dynamiques de recherche et les politiques qui les visent à un moment où les grands enjeux du développement durable font l’objet d’un traitement accru dans le cadre d’une gouvernance naissante du système terre.
231.
Larédo, Philippe; Robinson, Douglas K. R.; Delemarle, Aurélie; Lagnau, Axel; Revollo, Michel; Villard, Lionel
Mapping and characterising the dynamics of emerging technologies to inform policy Technical Report
2015.
@techreport{laredo2015mapping,
title = {Mapping and characterising the dynamics of emerging technologies to inform policy},
author = {Philippe Larédo and Douglas K.R. Robinson and Aurélie Delemarle and Axel Lagnau and Michel Revollo and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01275987/},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
school = {Université paris Est, IFRIS},
abstract = {The project aims at developing a framework and its tools for mapping the dynamics of emerging technologies (MDET) Emerging technologies are a growing issue for policymaking, as is mirrored by the new European FET programme. Policies and funding agencies face ‘voices’ by researchers asking for public support of what they consider as a new promising technology. This happens when we are past the initial Référence du formulaire : ANR-FORM-090601-01-01 2/15 exploration stage of ‘frontier research’. Initial claims have been recognised as relevant and this has started attracting other researchers. How can their claims be assessed and how can on-‐‑going developments be characterised? To answer this question, we propose a framework that has been developed in three steps. The analysis of a number of case studies (3 by our colleagues from SPRU and 3 by IFRIS) has enabled to identify key dimensions. In return these have driven us to mobilise, combine and complement existing theories. In a third step we have tested the existence of instruments to characterise the situation, and, for some aspects, this has driven us to propose new developments. The report presents both the framework and the tools (with selected examples to illustrate their deployment). The framework is made of 5 dimensions that are visualised in the 5 petals flower of the dynamics of emerging technology. It builds on the proposal by Nedeva that, to understand the dynamics of science, one needs to consider both field and space characteristics. Field relates to the socio-‐‑cognitive dynamics for which scientometrics proposes multiple analytical instruments. They help characterising the content of the emerging technology, the core set of concepts, theories and methods that constitute it; at the same time it helps identifying the key actors and the networks that they form (dimension 1: delineating a technology field). Far less work has been dealing with “Space” that is the source of the four other petals. The second dimension deals with field-‐‑level institutional conditions: how are ideas and products circulated and discussed. This deals mostly with journals, conferences and professional associations that organise them. One result of our case studies has been to emphasize the role of ‘champions’ identifying four types, of which ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ (who foster enactment of the field in different environments). One central characteristics of champions is that they propose visions of the field, and corresponding expectations. This builds our third dimension: promise champions & expectations. Research does not happen in a vacuum: researchers are employed by organisations, funded by programmes, and their field may or not become a policy priority. Barre et al. have proposed to analyse ‘national systems’ and their policies at these 3 complementary levels: orientation, programming and performance. This builds our fourth dimension that aims at characterising the field ‘embedding in research’. However technologies exhibit a second critical dimension, their role in shaping or transforming markets which has seldom been taken into consideration in the analysis of emergence: here we consider 3 aspects that build the fifth dimension ‘embedding in markets’: the existence of ‘niche markets’ that enable entering in a learning curve; arenas that help actors build collective visions and roadmaps and the construction of ‘market infrastructures’ that will enable market generalisation (through rules, norms & values). },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The project aims at developing a framework and its tools for mapping the dynamics of emerging technologies (MDET) Emerging technologies are a growing issue for policymaking, as is mirrored by the new European FET programme. Policies and funding agencies face ‘voices’ by researchers asking for public support of what they consider as a new promising technology. This happens when we are past the initial Référence du formulaire : ANR-FORM-090601-01-01 2/15 exploration stage of ‘frontier research’. Initial claims have been recognised as relevant and this has started attracting other researchers. How can their claims be assessed and how can on-‐‑going developments be characterised? To answer this question, we propose a framework that has been developed in three steps. The analysis of a number of case studies (3 by our colleagues from SPRU and 3 by IFRIS) has enabled to identify key dimensions. In return these have driven us to mobilise, combine and complement existing theories. In a third step we have tested the existence of instruments to characterise the situation, and, for some aspects, this has driven us to propose new developments. The report presents both the framework and the tools (with selected examples to illustrate their deployment). The framework is made of 5 dimensions that are visualised in the 5 petals flower of the dynamics of emerging technology. It builds on the proposal by Nedeva that, to understand the dynamics of science, one needs to consider both field and space characteristics. Field relates to the socio-‐‑cognitive dynamics for which scientometrics proposes multiple analytical instruments. They help characterising the content of the emerging technology, the core set of concepts, theories and methods that constitute it; at the same time it helps identifying the key actors and the networks that they form (dimension 1: delineating a technology field). Far less work has been dealing with “Space” that is the source of the four other petals. The second dimension deals with field-‐‑level institutional conditions: how are ideas and products circulated and discussed. This deals mostly with journals, conferences and professional associations that organise them. One result of our case studies has been to emphasize the role of ‘champions’ identifying four types, of which ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ (who foster enactment of the field in different environments). One central characteristics of champions is that they propose visions of the field, and corresponding expectations. This builds our third dimension: promise champions & expectations. Research does not happen in a vacuum: researchers are employed by organisations, funded by programmes, and their field may or not become a policy priority. Barre et al. have proposed to analyse ‘national systems’ and their policies at these 3 complementary levels: orientation, programming and performance. This builds our fourth dimension that aims at characterising the field ‘embedding in research’. However technologies exhibit a second critical dimension, their role in shaping or transforming markets which has seldom been taken into consideration in the analysis of emergence: here we consider 3 aspects that build the fifth dimension ‘embedding in markets’: the existence of ‘niche markets’ that enable entering in a learning curve; arenas that help actors build collective visions and roadmaps and the construction of ‘market infrastructures’ that will enable market generalisation (through rules, norms & values).
232.
Kahane, Bernard; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Villard, Lionel; Larédo, Philippe
A dynamic query to delineate emergent science and technology : the case of nano science and technology Technical Report
2015.
@techreport{Kahane2015,
title = {A dynamic query to delineate emergent science and technology : the case of nano science and technology},
author = {Bernard Kahane and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lionel Villard and Philippe Larédo
},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {RISIS},
pages = {47-70},
abstract = {Building a larger and relevant database out of an initial seed without relying, because of potential bias, on experts is a common challenge for those who wish to study or track a scientific or technological field. Publications and patents are not the only, but definitely an important component of knowledge generation and dissemination and one of the potential sources for innovation. Scientists communicate their findings through publications. Similarly, patents are legal documents to claim ownership of an invention but they also build a public paper trail of technology advancement. Thus publications and patents are an important, relevant and useful tool to follow and represent results of scientific and technological endeavours (Huang, 2010). Data mining is the extraction of relevant and useful information from large volume of data. Publication and Patent data systematically collected in worldwide databases such as the WoS and Patstat are used to track science and technology dynamic. Data mining faces an important challenge in a context of emergence when new technologies experience explosive growth, evolve rapidly and often cross and subvert existing scientific and technology fields. Emerging science and technology (biotechnology in the 1980s, nanotechnology today, other science and technology fields tomorrow), which often carry strong implications and potentialities for science, business and society, add to the challenge. Their content and dynamic are difficult to track at a time when they are struggling to define who they are, what they include and exclude and how they organize themselves internally. Such is the case for nanotechnology, where the quest for a relevant reliable and replicable way to extract relevant publications and patents, is an on-going process involving several teams worldwide (Glanzel 2003, Noyons 2003, Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007, Porter et al., 2008, Kostoff 2007, Leydesdorff and Zhou, 2007). Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving emerging and dynamic field. Analysts argue that it is likely to be a “general purpose technology” (Youtie 2008, Laredo et al. 2010) with a potential impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, the environment, sustainability and national security. The perceived potential value of nanotechnologies has led to the increased will of governments, academic institutions, firms and other societal actors to better understand what is happening in the field, who is active and where. There is thus an important challenge to develop robust methods to track the nanotechnology field while it rapidly develops and evolves. As a matter of fact, good quality and comprehensive extraction of data is a prerequisite for meaningful understanding and analysis. Huang 2010 as well as L'huillery et al. 2010 have compared the different methodologies developed, and reported on their robustness as well as on the similarities and discrepancies of results obtained. They confirmed the robustness and interest of the evolutionary lexical methodology we have developed (Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007). At that time, three requirements were central to the approach developed. First, it should not depend upon experts. Indeed, the on-going and extensive use of expert-based approaches is costly, time-consuming, and challenging to replicate such that the same outcomes result. This is an important restriction when facing a highly dynamic field where borders are constantly evolving requiring terminology requalification at different times. Second, it should allow updates in order to replicate and compare results while the nanotechnology field (and its lexicon) develop and expand. And third, it should be able to track the relative evolution of subfields inside nanotechnologies: in 2007 we translated this into a third requirement of being “modular”. While the initial development of our methodology was performed in order to extract data from 1998 to 2006, we later engaged in producing an update that could expand the database backward and forward in order to cover years 1991-2011. In our initial methodology, the selection of relevant terms was performed with knowledge built and keywords selected on one single year (2003). A simple solution was to reproduce the selection of terms for 2011, driving us to two semantic universes of nanotechnology, respectively built in 2003 and 2011. However Bonaccorsi (2010) has demonstrated that in a dynamic field such as nanotechnology, keywords often display short life and experience a type of Darwinian selection process. Using this approach, the characterisation of the evolution of the field over 20 years would have only relied on two years for the identification of relevant keywords. There would thus be a risk that we miss the richness of the exploration that shapes the dynamics of knowledge production. Not considering transient keywords that might have emerged and then disappeared, would be a serious drawback in such a dynamic field. There are multiple reasons for this. Two are of particular importance. One is about the learning that a stream of research, even if it goes on with a life of its own, has been experimented but proved not to be useful for colleagues at the time. The other lies in the fact that streams of research which for a while turn to be a dead end, can nevertheless reappear later and become a key resource as demonstrated in many instances. Such a limitation becomes even more visible when taking the whole period under review for identifying relevant keywords. This drove us to add a fourth requirement for such an approach: What is needed is a methodology, which allows us to incorporate and discard in real time relevant terms as they appear and disappear in the nanotechnology story. We need a methodology that allows us to track keywords as characters appear and disappear along the storyline in a movie. Thus, using nanotechnology as a showcase, we here report a data search strategy made of three consecutive steps. As in all the data search strategies for nanotechnology, we start with an initial seed built through the nanostring. We then use the same principle that we applied in our previous approach, that is expanding the initial seed through a dual process where additional keywords observed during a given period are sorted according to their internal specificity (e.g. the extent to which they provide value added meaning to a publication) and then tested in the overall database for ‘external specificity’ (e.g. the ratio of articles in the seed vs. articles in the overall database of publications). This selection of keywords is first applied on the whole dataset covering the 20 years, enabling a “static extension”. The third step builds the “dynamic extension” where additional keywords are identified through a yearly analysis of internal specificity within the nanostring, and selected depending upon their ‘external specificity’. Besides being applied in a specific way for nanotechnology, we claim that such a three steps strategy has universal value to describe the dynamics of emergent and fast evolving fields, transcending pre-existing classifications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Building a larger and relevant database out of an initial seed without relying, because of potential bias, on experts is a common challenge for those who wish to study or track a scientific or technological field. Publications and patents are not the only, but definitely an important component of knowledge generation and dissemination and one of the potential sources for innovation. Scientists communicate their findings through publications. Similarly, patents are legal documents to claim ownership of an invention but they also build a public paper trail of technology advancement. Thus publications and patents are an important, relevant and useful tool to follow and represent results of scientific and technological endeavours (Huang, 2010). Data mining is the extraction of relevant and useful information from large volume of data. Publication and Patent data systematically collected in worldwide databases such as the WoS and Patstat are used to track science and technology dynamic. Data mining faces an important challenge in a context of emergence when new technologies experience explosive growth, evolve rapidly and often cross and subvert existing scientific and technology fields. Emerging science and technology (biotechnology in the 1980s, nanotechnology today, other science and technology fields tomorrow), which often carry strong implications and potentialities for science, business and society, add to the challenge. Their content and dynamic are difficult to track at a time when they are struggling to define who they are, what they include and exclude and how they organize themselves internally. Such is the case for nanotechnology, where the quest for a relevant reliable and replicable way to extract relevant publications and patents, is an on-going process involving several teams worldwide (Glanzel 2003, Noyons 2003, Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007, Porter et al., 2008, Kostoff 2007, Leydesdorff and Zhou, 2007). Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving emerging and dynamic field. Analysts argue that it is likely to be a “general purpose technology” (Youtie 2008, Laredo et al. 2010) with a potential impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, the environment, sustainability and national security. The perceived potential value of nanotechnologies has led to the increased will of governments, academic institutions, firms and other societal actors to better understand what is happening in the field, who is active and where. There is thus an important challenge to develop robust methods to track the nanotechnology field while it rapidly develops and evolves. As a matter of fact, good quality and comprehensive extraction of data is a prerequisite for meaningful understanding and analysis. Huang 2010 as well as L'huillery et al. 2010 have compared the different methodologies developed, and reported on their robustness as well as on the similarities and discrepancies of results obtained. They confirmed the robustness and interest of the evolutionary lexical methodology we have developed (Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007). At that time, three requirements were central to the approach developed. First, it should not depend upon experts. Indeed, the on-going and extensive use of expert-based approaches is costly, time-consuming, and challenging to replicate such that the same outcomes result. This is an important restriction when facing a highly dynamic field where borders are constantly evolving requiring terminology requalification at different times. Second, it should allow updates in order to replicate and compare results while the nanotechnology field (and its lexicon) develop and expand. And third, it should be able to track the relative evolution of subfields inside nanotechnologies: in 2007 we translated this into a third requirement of being “modular”. While the initial development of our methodology was performed in order to extract data from 1998 to 2006, we later engaged in producing an update that could expand the database backward and forward in order to cover years 1991-2011. In our initial methodology, the selection of relevant terms was performed with knowledge built and keywords selected on one single year (2003). A simple solution was to reproduce the selection of terms for 2011, driving us to two semantic universes of nanotechnology, respectively built in 2003 and 2011. However Bonaccorsi (2010) has demonstrated that in a dynamic field such as nanotechnology, keywords often display short life and experience a type of Darwinian selection process. Using this approach, the characterisation of the evolution of the field over 20 years would have only relied on two years for the identification of relevant keywords. There would thus be a risk that we miss the richness of the exploration that shapes the dynamics of knowledge production. Not considering transient keywords that might have emerged and then disappeared, would be a serious drawback in such a dynamic field. There are multiple reasons for this. Two are of particular importance. One is about the learning that a stream of research, even if it goes on with a life of its own, has been experimented but proved not to be useful for colleagues at the time. The other lies in the fact that streams of research which for a while turn to be a dead end, can nevertheless reappear later and become a key resource as demonstrated in many instances. Such a limitation becomes even more visible when taking the whole period under review for identifying relevant keywords. This drove us to add a fourth requirement for such an approach: What is needed is a methodology, which allows us to incorporate and discard in real time relevant terms as they appear and disappear in the nanotechnology story. We need a methodology that allows us to track keywords as characters appear and disappear along the storyline in a movie. Thus, using nanotechnology as a showcase, we here report a data search strategy made of three consecutive steps. As in all the data search strategies for nanotechnology, we start with an initial seed built through the nanostring. We then use the same principle that we applied in our previous approach, that is expanding the initial seed through a dual process where additional keywords observed during a given period are sorted according to their internal specificity (e.g. the extent to which they provide value added meaning to a publication) and then tested in the overall database for ‘external specificity’ (e.g. the ratio of articles in the seed vs. articles in the overall database of publications). This selection of keywords is first applied on the whole dataset covering the 20 years, enabling a “static extension”. The third step builds the “dynamic extension” where additional keywords are identified through a yearly analysis of internal specificity within the nanostring, and selected depending upon their ‘external specificity’. Besides being applied in a specific way for nanotechnology, we claim that such a three steps strategy has universal value to describe the dynamics of emergent and fast evolving fields, transcending pre-existing classifications.
Workshops
233.
Cortext,
Training Book CorTexT Workshop
2015, (RISIS short course type A, 6 -7 October 2015).
@workshop{cortext2015training,
title = {Training Book CorTexT},
author = {Cortext},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
note = {RISIS short course type A, 6 -7 October 2015},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
2014
Journal Articles
234.
Cardon, Vincent
Des chiffres et des lettres. Evaluation, expressions du jugement de qualité et hiérarchies sur le marché de l’hôtellerie Journal Article
In: Réseaux, no. 1, pp. 207–245, 2014.
@article{cardon2014chiffres,
title = {Des chiffres et des lettres. Evaluation, expressions du jugement de qualité et hiérarchies sur le marché de l’hôtellerie},
author = {Vincent Cardon},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/res.183.0205},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Réseaux},
number = {1},
pages = {207--245},
publisher = {La Découverte},
abstract = {TripAdvisor constitue une déclinaison, dédiée au tourisme, d’un dispositif standard d’évaluation en ligne, fondé sur la juxtaposition d’un versant quantifié et d’un autre textuel. Le dialogue de ces deux dimensions constitue l’objet de cet article, fondé sur l’analyse quantitative des contributions. L’analyse lexicale des commentaires révèle des pratiques d’écriture très diverses et la mobilisation de catégories de jugement qui varient selon le niveau de la note, le contexte de voyage, mais également selon la langue de rédaction et la catégorie hôtelière. Les hiérarchies marchandes et évaluatives ont aussi leurs expressions textuelles, et tous les individus n’investissent pas le dispositif et les métriques de la même manière. Ainsi, plus les contributeurs s’expriment sur des hôtels qu’ils jugent de bonne qualité, plus ils le font sur le mode d’une subjectivation narrative de leur expérience de consommation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
TripAdvisor constitue une déclinaison, dédiée au tourisme, d’un dispositif standard d’évaluation en ligne, fondé sur la juxtaposition d’un versant quantifié et d’un autre textuel. Le dialogue de ces deux dimensions constitue l’objet de cet article, fondé sur l’analyse quantitative des contributions. L’analyse lexicale des commentaires révèle des pratiques d’écriture très diverses et la mobilisation de catégories de jugement qui varient selon le niveau de la note, le contexte de voyage, mais également selon la langue de rédaction et la catégorie hôtelière. Les hiérarchies marchandes et évaluatives ont aussi leurs expressions textuelles, et tous les individus n’investissent pas le dispositif et les métriques de la même manière. Ainsi, plus les contributeurs s’expriment sur des hôtels qu’ils jugent de bonne qualité, plus ils le font sur le mode d’une subjectivation narrative de leur expérience de consommation.
235.
Cambrosio, Alberto; Bourret, Pascale; Rabeharisoa, Vololona; Callon, Michel
Big Data and the Collective Turn in Biomedicine. How Should We Analyze Post-Genomic Practices? Journal Article
In: TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 11-42, 2014.
@article{cambrosio2014big,
title = {Big Data and the Collective Turn in Biomedicine. How Should We Analyze Post-Genomic Practices?},
author = {Alberto Cambrosio and Pascale Bourret and Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon},
url = {http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/view/178},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {11-42},
abstract = {We presently witness a profound transformation of the configuration of biomedical practices, as characterized by an increasingly collective dimension, and by a growing reliance on disruptive technologies that generate large amounts of data. We also witness a proliferation of biomedical databases, often freely accessible on the Web, which can be easily analyzed thanks to network analysis software. In this position paper we discuss how science and technology studies (S&TS) may cope with these developments. In particular, we examine a number of shortcomings of the notion of networks, namely those concerning: (a) the relation between agency and structural analysis; (b) the distinction between network clusters and collectives; (c) the (ac)counting strategies that fuel the networking approach; and (d) the privileged status ascribed to textual documents. This will lead us to reframe the question of the relations between S&TS and biomedical scientists, as big data offer an interesting opportunity for developing new modes of cooperation between the social and the life sciences, while avoiding the dichotomies – between the social and the cognitive, or between texts and practices – that S&TS has successfully managed to discard.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We presently witness a profound transformation of the configuration of biomedical practices, as characterized by an increasingly collective dimension, and by a growing reliance on disruptive technologies that generate large amounts of data. We also witness a proliferation of biomedical databases, often freely accessible on the Web, which can be easily analyzed thanks to network analysis software. In this position paper we discuss how science and technology studies (S&TS) may cope with these developments. In particular, we examine a number of shortcomings of the notion of networks, namely those concerning: (a) the relation between agency and structural analysis; (b) the distinction between network clusters and collectives; (c) the (ac)counting strategies that fuel the networking approach; and (d) the privileged status ascribed to textual documents. This will lead us to reframe the question of the relations between S&TS and biomedical scientists, as big data offer an interesting opportunity for developing new modes of cooperation between the social and the life sciences, while avoiding the dichotomies – between the social and the cognitive, or between texts and practices – that S&TS has successfully managed to discard.
236.
Cetro, Rosa; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe; Eggermont, Hilde; Gambette, Philippe; Kyriacopoulou, Tita; Roux, Xavier Le; Martineau, Claude; Turenne, Nicolas
Vers une approche semi-automatique pour la définition de motifs d'argumentation utilisés dans les résumés de projets scientifiques du domaine de la biodiversité Journal Article
In: Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, pp. 47-80, 2014.
@article{cetro2014vers,
title = {Vers une approche semi-automatique pour la définition de motifs d'argumentation utilisés dans les résumés de projets scientifiques du domaine de la biodiversité},
author = {Rosa Cetro and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker and Hilde Eggermont and Philippe Gambette and Tita Kyriacopoulou and Xavier Le Roux and Claude Martineau and Nicolas Turenne},
url = {https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01090607/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information},
pages = {47-80},
abstract = {Nous positionnons notre travail dans le domaine de l’analyse et de la visualisation de données textuelles produites par les scientifiques et réunies en corpus calibré. Ce domaine est reconnu pour sa contribution à la réflexion sur la composition et l’évaluation des politiques scientifiques. Le corpus que nous utilisons est une collection de tous les résumés de projets acceptés dans des guichets d’appels à projet dans le domaine de la biodiversité référencés par le réseau européen BiodivERsA. L’objectif de ce travail ancré dans la sociologie des sciences consiste à mieux comprendre les principales caractéristiques utilisées par les scientifiques pour présenter leur projet et convaincre de ses qualités. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une pluralité d’outils face à la difficulté de dépouiller l’information pour associer le niveau sémantique (structure de l’information) au niveau pragmatique (relations entre les rédacteurs de projet).Notre contribution repose sur un nouveau type d’extraction d’information, hors entités nommées, basé sur l'extraction de motifs d’argumentation. D’une part on remarque que l’usage de ces motifs marque la présence d'arguments dans des résumés de projets, et d’autre part croît avec le temps.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nous positionnons notre travail dans le domaine de l’analyse et de la visualisation de données textuelles produites par les scientifiques et réunies en corpus calibré. Ce domaine est reconnu pour sa contribution à la réflexion sur la composition et l’évaluation des politiques scientifiques. Le corpus que nous utilisons est une collection de tous les résumés de projets acceptés dans des guichets d’appels à projet dans le domaine de la biodiversité référencés par le réseau européen BiodivERsA. L’objectif de ce travail ancré dans la sociologie des sciences consiste à mieux comprendre les principales caractéristiques utilisées par les scientifiques pour présenter leur projet et convaincre de ses qualités. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une pluralité d’outils face à la difficulté de dépouiller l’information pour associer le niveau sémantique (structure de l’information) au niveau pragmatique (relations entre les rédacteurs de projet).Notre contribution repose sur un nouveau type d’extraction d’information, hors entités nommées, basé sur l'extraction de motifs d’argumentation. D’une part on remarque que l’usage de ces motifs marque la présence d'arguments dans des résumés de projets, et d’autre part croît avec le temps.
237.
Granjou, Celine; Mauz, Isabelle; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe
Making taxonomy environmentally relevant. Insights from an all taxa biodiversity inventory Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 38, pp. 254-262, 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004).
@article{granjou2014making,
title = {Making taxonomy environmentally relevant. Insights from an all taxa biodiversity inventory},
author = {Celine Granjou and Isabelle Mauz and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {38},
pages = {254-262},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {For several decades taxonomy has been marginalized in academic labs and universities. Today, rising concerns over biodiversity and ecosystem services are creating an unprecedented opportunity for it to be viewed as a crucially relevant field. This article aims to scrutinize how the biodiversity concerns entail new collaboration designs between taxonomists and nature managers and between taxonomists and ecologists. Our key point is that taxonomy's environmental relevance is not given: instead, taxonomic data have to be made relevant by taxonomists and their partners in specific collaborative and organizational arrangements. The article draws on an empirical study of an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in a national park in the French Alps, including an ethnographic survey combined with scientometric analysis. It was found that the collaboration initiated in the ATBI between taxonomists, ecologists and the park managers was paved with disappointments and reorientations because it partly failed to address the tension between a taxonomic and an ecological approach to the relevance of taxonomic data. The rise of biodiversity and ecosystem services concerns constitutes a “double-edged sword” for taxonomists: while there is greater opportunity for taxonomists to render their work visible through new research collaboration arrangements with ecologists, it also entails a risk that they remain mere data providers for nature managers and ecologists interested in ecosystem functioning.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
For several decades taxonomy has been marginalized in academic labs and universities. Today, rising concerns over biodiversity and ecosystem services are creating an unprecedented opportunity for it to be viewed as a crucially relevant field. This article aims to scrutinize how the biodiversity concerns entail new collaboration designs between taxonomists and nature managers and between taxonomists and ecologists. Our key point is that taxonomy's environmental relevance is not given: instead, taxonomic data have to be made relevant by taxonomists and their partners in specific collaborative and organizational arrangements. The article draws on an empirical study of an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in a national park in the French Alps, including an ethnographic survey combined with scientometric analysis. It was found that the collaboration initiated in the ATBI between taxonomists, ecologists and the park managers was paved with disappointments and reorientations because it partly failed to address the tension between a taxonomic and an ecological approach to the relevance of taxonomic data. The rise of biodiversity and ecosystem services concerns constitutes a “double-edged sword” for taxonomists: while there is greater opportunity for taxonomists to render their work visible through new research collaboration arrangements with ecologists, it also entails a risk that they remain mere data providers for nature managers and ecologists interested in ecosystem functioning.
238.
Leydesdorff, Loet; Goldstone, Robert L
Interdisciplinarity at the journal and specialty level: The changing knowledge bases of the journal Cognitive Science Journal Article
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 164-177, 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953).
@article{leydesdorff2014interdisciplinarity,
title = {Interdisciplinarity at the journal and specialty level: The changing knowledge bases of the journal Cognitive Science},
author = {Loet Leydesdorff and Robert L Goldstone},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {164-177},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
abstract = {Using the referencing patterns in articles in Cognitive Science over three decades, we analyze the knowledge base of this literature in terms of its changing disciplinary composition. Three periods are distinguished: (A) construction of the interdisciplinary space in the 1980s, (B) development of an interdisciplinary orientation in the 1990s, and (C) reintegration into “cognitive psychology” in the 2000s. The fluidity and fuzziness of the interdisciplinary delineations in the different visualizations can be reduced and clarified using factor analysis. We also explore newly available routines (“CorText”) to analyze this development in terms of “tubes” using an alluvial map and compare the results with an animation (using “Visone”). The historical specificity of this development can be compared with the development of “artificial intelligence” into an integrated specialty during this same period. Interdisciplinarity should be defined differently at the level of journals and of specialties.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Using the referencing patterns in articles in Cognitive Science over three decades, we analyze the knowledge base of this literature in terms of its changing disciplinary composition. Three periods are distinguished: (A) construction of the interdisciplinary space in the 1980s, (B) development of an interdisciplinary orientation in the 1990s, and (C) reintegration into “cognitive psychology” in the 2000s. The fluidity and fuzziness of the interdisciplinary delineations in the different visualizations can be reduced and clarified using factor analysis. We also explore newly available routines (“CorText”) to analyze this development in terms of “tubes” using an alluvial map and compare the results with an animation (using “Visone”). The historical specificity of this development can be compared with the development of “artificial intelligence” into an integrated specialty during this same period. Interdisciplinarity should be defined differently at the level of journals and of specialties.
239.
Mazieres, Antoine; Trachman, Mathieu; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Coulmont, Baptiste; Prieur, Christophe
Deep tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography Journal Article
In: Porn Studies, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 80–95, 2014.
@article{mazieres2014deep,
title = {Deep tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography},
author = {Antoine Mazieres and Mathieu Trachman and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Baptiste Coulmont and Christophe Prieur},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2014.888214},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Porn Studies},
volume = {1},
number = {1-2},
pages = {80--95},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {The development of the web has increased the diversity of pornographic content, and at the same time the rise of online platforms has initiated a new trend of quantitative research that makes possible the analysis of data on an unprecedented scale. This paper explores the application of a quantitative approach to publicly available data collected from pornographic websites. Several analyses are applied to these digital traces with a focus on keywords describing videos and their underlying categorization systems. The analysis of a large network of tags shows that the accumulation of categories does not separate scripts from each other, but instead draws a multitude of significant paths between fuzzy categories. The datasets and tools we describe have been made publicly available for further study.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The development of the web has increased the diversity of pornographic content, and at the same time the rise of online platforms has initiated a new trend of quantitative research that makes possible the analysis of data on an unprecedented scale. This paper explores the application of a quantitative approach to publicly available data collected from pornographic websites. Several analyses are applied to these digital traces with a focus on keywords describing videos and their underlying categorization systems. The analysis of a large network of tags shows that the accumulation of categories does not separate scripts from each other, but instead draws a multitude of significant paths between fuzzy categories. The datasets and tools we describe have been made publicly available for further study.
240.
Omodei, Elisa; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations Journal Article
In: Revue Sciences/Lettres, no. 2, 2014.
@article{omodei2014modelisation,
title = {Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations},
author = {Elisa Omodei and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://journals.openedition.org/rsl/510},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue Sciences/Lettres},
number = {2},
publisher = {École normale supérieure},
abstract = {Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorText Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 580 authors to trust CorText for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorText Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
| What types of documents? |
|---|
| What types of documents? |
| 126 journal articles |
| 37 conference proceedings |
| 22 reports |
| 18 Ph.D. thesis |
| 15 online articles |
| 15 book chapters |
| 12 conference (not in proceedings) |
| 9 masters thesis |
| 6 workshop |
| 4 book |
| 2 miscellaneous |
| Main peer-reviewed journals |
|---|
| Main peer-reviewed journals |
| Scientometrics |
| Réseaux |
| PloS one |
| Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances |
| Journal of Hazardous Materials |
| Journal of Rural Studies |
| Poetics |
| Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação |
| Renewable Energy |
| Revue française de science politique |
