2016
Technical Reports
281.
Benbouzid, Bilel; Villard, Lionel; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale Technical Report
2016.
@techreport{Benbouzid2016,
title = {Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale},
author = {Bilel Benbouzid and Lionel Villard and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01785745},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
series = {CESDIP},
abstract = {La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation.
2015
Journal Articles
282.
AlMaghlouth, Nada; Arvanitis, Rigas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Hanafi, Sari
Who frames the debate on the Arab uprisings? Analysis of Arabic, English, and French academic scholarship Journal Article
In: International sociology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 418–441, 2015.
@article{almaghlouth2015frames,
title = {Who frames the debate on the Arab uprisings? Analysis of Arabic, English, and French academic scholarship},
author = {Nada AlMaghlouth and Rigas Arvanitis and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Sari Hanafi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580915580157},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International sociology},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {418--441},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {Since 2010, there has been a proliferation of literature (newspaper articles and scholarly publications) on the recent uprisings in some Arab countries. This article focuses on the way the academic articles have perceived the Arab uprisings and the ways in which we portray them in scientific discourse, taking into account the social forces that come into play in the production of knowledge. In line with Bruno Latour, this study analyzes (1) what knowledge on the Arab uprisings is made of; (2) who produces and who frames the debate (network of authors); (3) semiotic analysis; and (4) quantitative measures of ‘sociological markers,’ such as discipline, language, and institutional affiliation. The study is based on a database of around 519 articles (from Web of Science, Scopus, E-Marefa, Cairn) dealing with the Arab uprisings from January 2011 up to now.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since 2010, there has been a proliferation of literature (newspaper articles and scholarly publications) on the recent uprisings in some Arab countries. This article focuses on the way the academic articles have perceived the Arab uprisings and the ways in which we portray them in scientific discourse, taking into account the social forces that come into play in the production of knowledge. In line with Bruno Latour, this study analyzes (1) what knowledge on the Arab uprisings is made of; (2) who produces and who frames the debate (network of authors); (3) semiotic analysis; and (4) quantitative measures of ‘sociological markers,’ such as discipline, language, and institutional affiliation. The study is based on a database of around 519 articles (from Web of Science, Scopus, E-Marefa, Cairn) dealing with the Arab uprisings from January 2011 up to now.
283.
Mesmoudi, Salma; Rodic, Mathieu; Cioli, Claudia; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Yarkoni, Tal; Burnod, Yves
Linkrbrain: Multi-scale data integrator of the brain Journal Article
In: Journal of neuroscience methods, vol. 241, pp. 44-52, 2015.
@article{mesmoudi2015linkrbrain,
title = {Linkrbrain: Multi-scale data integrator of the brain},
author = {Salma Mesmoudi and Mathieu Rodic and Claudia Cioli and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Tal Yarkoni and Yves Burnod},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.12.008},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
volume = {241},
pages = {44-52},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Background LinkRbrain is an open-access web platform for multi-scale data integration and visualization of human brain data. This platform integrates anatomical, functional, and genetic knowledge produced by the scientific community. New method The linkRbrain platform has two major components: (1) a data aggregation component that integrates multiple open databases into a single platform with a unified representation; and (2) a website that provides fast multi-scale integration and visualization of these data and makes the results immediately available. Results LinkRbrain allows users to visualize functional networks or/and genetic expression over a standard brain template (MNI152). Interrelationships between these components based on topographical overlap are displayed using relational graphs. Moreover, linkRbrain enables comparison of new experimental results with previous published works. Comparison with existing methods Previous tools and studies illustrate the opportunities of data mining across multiple tiers of neuroscience and genetic information. However, a global systematic approach is still missing to gather cognitive, topographical, and genetic knowledge in a common framework in order to facilitate their visualization, comparison, and integration. Conclusions LinkRbrain is an efficient open-access tool that affords an integrative understanding of human brain function. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background LinkRbrain is an open-access web platform for multi-scale data integration and visualization of human brain data. This platform integrates anatomical, functional, and genetic knowledge produced by the scientific community. New method The linkRbrain platform has two major components: (1) a data aggregation component that integrates multiple open databases into a single platform with a unified representation; and (2) a website that provides fast multi-scale integration and visualization of these data and makes the results immediately available. Results LinkRbrain allows users to visualize functional networks or/and genetic expression over a standard brain template (MNI152). Interrelationships between these components based on topographical overlap are displayed using relational graphs. Moreover, linkRbrain enables comparison of new experimental results with previous published works. Comparison with existing methods Previous tools and studies illustrate the opportunities of data mining across multiple tiers of neuroscience and genetic information. However, a global systematic approach is still missing to gather cognitive, topographical, and genetic knowledge in a common framework in order to facilitate their visualization, comparison, and integration. Conclusions LinkRbrain is an efficient open-access tool that affords an integrative understanding of human brain function.
284.
Ruiz-Martinez, Irune; Marraccini, Elisa; Debolini, Marta; Bonari, Enrico
Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature Journal Article
In: Italian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 74–84, 2015.
@article{ruiz2015indicators,
title = {Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature},
author = {Irune Ruiz-Martinez and Elisa Marraccini and Marta Debolini and Enrico Bonari},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277628},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Italian Journal of Agronomy},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {74--84},
abstract = {Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis on: i) farming systems studied; ii) related ecosystem services; iii) indicators of intensity; and iv) temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Through this two-step analysis we were able to highlight three main research gaps in the AI research indicators. Firstly, the farming systems analysed for assessing AI are often quite simplified or monoculture-oriented, and they do not take the diversity and complex organisation of farming systems into account. Secondly, these studies mainly focus on northern countries or developing countries, whereas there is a gap of knowledge in Mediterranean areas, which are the areas with a high complexity of farming systems and diversity in ecosystem services. Finally, AI is mostly assessed through nitrogen inputs and economic yield, which are used the most both at very local and global levels. Intermediate regional or local levels, which are relevant for policy implementation and local planning, are often neglected. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since the 1960s, research has dealt with agricultural intensification (AI) as a solution to ensure global food security. Recently, sustainable intensification (SI) has increasingly been used to describe those agricultural and farming systems that ensure adequate ecosystem service provision. Studies differ in terms of the application scales and methodologies, thus we aim to summarize the main findings from the literature on how AI and SI are assessed, from the farm to global levels. Our literature review is based on 7865 papers selected from the Web of Science database and analysed using CorText software. A further selection of 105 relevant papers was used for an in-depth full-text analysis on: i) farming systems studied; ii) related ecosystem services; iii) indicators of intensity; and iv) temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Through this two-step analysis we were able to highlight three main research gaps in the AI research indicators. Firstly, the farming systems analysed for assessing AI are often quite simplified or monoculture-oriented, and they do not take the diversity and complex organisation of farming systems into account. Secondly, these studies mainly focus on northern countries or developing countries, whereas there is a gap of knowledge in Mediterranean areas, which are the areas with a high complexity of farming systems and diversity in ecosystem services. Finally, AI is mostly assessed through nitrogen inputs and economic yield, which are used the most both at very local and global levels. Intermediate regional or local levels, which are relevant for policy implementation and local planning, are often neglected.
285.
Rule, Alix; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Bearman, Peter
Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790-2014 Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no. 35, pp. 10837-10844, 2015.
@article{rule2015lexical,
title = {Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790-2014},
author = {Alix Rule and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Peter Bearman},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512221112},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
volume = {112},
number = {35},
pages = {10837-10844},
publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
abstract = {This study reveals that the entry into World War I in 1917 indexed the decisive transition to the modern period in American political consciousness, ushering in new objects of political discourse, a more rapid pace of change of those objects, and a fundamental reframing of the main tasks of governance. We develop a strategy for identifying meaningful categories in textual corpora that span long historic durées, where terms, concepts, and language use changes. Our approach is able to account for the fluidity of discursive categories over time, and to analyze their continuity by identifying the discursive stream as the object of interest.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study reveals that the entry into World War I in 1917 indexed the decisive transition to the modern period in American political consciousness, ushering in new objects of political discourse, a more rapid pace of change of those objects, and a fundamental reframing of the main tasks of governance. We develop a strategy for identifying meaningful categories in textual corpora that span long historic durées, where terms, concepts, and language use changes. Our approach is able to account for the fluidity of discursive categories over time, and to analyze their continuity by identifying the discursive stream as the object of interest.
Book Chapters
286.
Aventurier, Pascal; Ollivier, Guillaume; de Alencar, Maria Cleofas Faggion; Bellon, Stéphane
Estudo cientométrico dos Congressos Brasileiros de Agroecologia Book Chapter
In: Redes de agroecologias : experiênçias no Brasil e na França, pp. 248, 2015.
@inbook{Aventurier2015,
title = {Estudo cientométrico dos Congressos Brasileiros de Agroecologia},
author = {Pascal Aventurier and Guillaume Ollivier and Maria Cleofas Faggion de Alencar and Stéphane Bellon},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01181041/},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Redes de agroecologias : experiênçias no Brasil e na França},
pages = {248},
abstract = {A produção técnico-científica internacional em Agroecologia, cuja fundamentação está ancorada nas bases de dados bibliográficas internacionais, o Web of Science (WoS) e o Scopus. Quando começamos a estudar a produção internacional, encontramos menos de 150 textos de pesquisadores brasileiros em mais de 2.500 artigos em Agroecologia (OLLIVIER et al., 2011, ALENCAR; AVENTURIER, 2013), que representa um número pequeno em relação à dinâmica de produção de conhecimento em Agroecologia no Brasil. A análise de Alencar e Aventurier, em 2014, mostrou que existem mais de 8.000 textos sobre o assunto publicados em congressos, artigos de revistas, dissertações e teses que estão sendo coletados e armazenados para estudos dos projetos “Repositório de acesso livre para agroecologia e agricultura orgânica do Brasil” (FAPESP, projeto 2009/54940-9) e “Agroecologia na França e no Brasil: entre redes científicas, movimentos sociais e políticas públicas” (CAPES/COFECUB, projeto 716/2011). Embora a história da Agroecologia no Brasil tenha se manifestado com abundância de atividades, principalmente nos congressos em agroecologia, a sua visibilidade não corresponde à dinâmica da produção técnico-científica internacional (ALENCAR, AVENTURIER, 2013). },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
A produção técnico-científica internacional em Agroecologia, cuja fundamentação está ancorada nas bases de dados bibliográficas internacionais, o Web of Science (WoS) e o Scopus. Quando começamos a estudar a produção internacional, encontramos menos de 150 textos de pesquisadores brasileiros em mais de 2.500 artigos em Agroecologia (OLLIVIER et al., 2011, ALENCAR; AVENTURIER, 2013), que representa um número pequeno em relação à dinâmica de produção de conhecimento em Agroecologia no Brasil. A análise de Alencar e Aventurier, em 2014, mostrou que existem mais de 8.000 textos sobre o assunto publicados em congressos, artigos de revistas, dissertações e teses que estão sendo coletados e armazenados para estudos dos projetos “Repositório de acesso livre para agroecologia e agricultura orgânica do Brasil” (FAPESP, projeto 2009/54940-9) e “Agroecologia na França e no Brasil: entre redes científicas, movimentos sociais e políticas públicas” (CAPES/COFECUB, projeto 716/2011). Embora a história da Agroecologia no Brasil tenha se manifestado com abundância de atividades, principalmente nos congressos em agroecologia, a sua visibilidade não corresponde à dinâmica da produção técnico-científica internacional (ALENCAR, AVENTURIER, 2013).
287.
Chavalarias, David; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cornilleau, Lise; Duong, Tan Kiem; Mogoutov, Andrei; Villard, Lionel; Roth, Camille; Thierry, Savy
Thematic Domination of Media Framing Book Chapter
In: Atlas of Knowledge Anyone Can Map, pp. 17, 2015.
@inbook{Chavalarias2015,
title = {Thematic Domination of Media Framing},
author = {David Chavalarias and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lise Cornilleau and Tan Kiem Duong and Andrei Mogoutov and Lionel Villard and Camille Roth and Savy Thierry},
url = {https://cns.iu.edu//docs/handouts/Atlas_of_Knowledge_Flyer_hi.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Atlas of Knowledge Anyone Can Map},
pages = {17},
abstract = {Text-mining network analysis tools are used to identify the key themes discussed in the press at a given period. Each article is then associated with these automatically reconstructed topics whether they correspond to concerns expressed at the local level, or general statements and action at national/international level. These news items are also geo-located both by the origin of the story and the places mentioned in the story enabling to map how a given theme or issue is distributed over the world. Moreover, themes identified at successive time steps are reconnected into streams of content. A stream visualization illustrates how topics articulate through time. An online interface allows to visualize these maps, themes and news entries and to answer questions such as : Is an issue – concerning for example the impact of climatic change on food security – attracting more attention with time? How this specific issue relates with contiguous subjects (use of biofuel for example) ? Does the climatic change issue observed at a given time stem from, possibly various, past issue framing or is it a completely emergent topic ?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Text-mining network analysis tools are used to identify the key themes discussed in the press at a given period. Each article is then associated with these automatically reconstructed topics whether they correspond to concerns expressed at the local level, or general statements and action at national/international level. These news items are also geo-located both by the origin of the story and the places mentioned in the story enabling to map how a given theme or issue is distributed over the world. Moreover, themes identified at successive time steps are reconnected into streams of content. A stream visualization illustrates how topics articulate through time. An online interface allows to visualize these maps, themes and news entries and to answer questions such as : Is an issue – concerning for example the impact of climatic change on food security – attracting more attention with time? How this specific issue relates with contiguous subjects (use of biofuel for example) ? Does the climatic change issue observed at a given time stem from, possibly various, past issue framing or is it a completely emergent topic ?
Inproceedings
288.
Quatrebarbes, Constance De; Mazieres, Antoine; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Monitoring Issues in Digital Public Space-From Data Collection to Issue Mapping Inproceedings
In: Etudier le Web politique: Regards croisés (WEBPOL), 2015.
@inproceedings{de2015monitoring,
title = {Monitoring Issues in Digital Public Space-From Data Collection to Issue Mapping},
author = {Constance De Quatrebarbes and Antoine Mazieres and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01771550},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Etudier le Web politique: Regards croisés (WEBPOL)},
abstract = {This article objectives are twofold. Its aim is both to introduce the principles of CrawText: an online data collection tool, and to identify some perspectives on the possible use of those digital traces for the analysis of public issues. CrawText specificity is to enable the construction of controlled corpora focusing on a given topic. Besides it allows to track the evolution of digital territories along time, paving the way toward the monitoring of actors and content dynamics in those public spaces. We will briefly illustrate those analytical perspectives with a case study on current discussions about the Climate Change Conference COP 21 to be held in Paris next Fall.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article objectives are twofold. Its aim is both to introduce the principles of CrawText: an online data collection tool, and to identify some perspectives on the possible use of those digital traces for the analysis of public issues. CrawText specificity is to enable the construction of controlled corpora focusing on a given topic. Besides it allows to track the evolution of digital territories along time, paving the way toward the monitoring of actors and content dynamics in those public spaces. We will briefly illustrate those analytical perspectives with a case study on current discussions about the Climate Change Conference COP 21 to be held in Paris next Fall.
289.
Poibeau, Thierry; Ruiz, Pablo
Generating navigable semantic maps from social sciences corpora Inproceedings
In: Digital Humanities 2015, 2015.
@inproceedings{poibeau2015generating,
title = {Generating navigable semantic maps from social sciences corpora},
author = {Thierry Poibeau and Pablo Ruiz},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173963},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Digital Humanities 2015},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.02020},
abstract = {It is now commonplace to observe that we are facing a deluge of online information. Researchers have of course long acknowledged the potential value of this information since digital traces make it possible to directly observe, describe and analyze social facts, and above all the co-‐evolution of ideas and communities over time. However, most online information is expressed through text, which means it is not directly usable by machines, since computers require structured, organized and typed information in order to be able to manipulate it. Our goal is thus twofold: 1. Provide new natural language processing techniques aiming at automatically extracting relevant information from texts, especially in the context of social sciences, and connect these pieces of information so as to obtain relevant socio-‐ semantic networks ; 2. Provide new ways of exploring these socio-‐semantic networks , thanks to tools allowing one to dynamically navigate these networks , de-‐construct and re-‐ construct them interactively , from different points of view following the needs expressed by domain experts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
It is now commonplace to observe that we are facing a deluge of online information. Researchers have of course long acknowledged the potential value of this information since digital traces make it possible to directly observe, describe and analyze social facts, and above all the co-‐evolution of ideas and communities over time. However, most online information is expressed through text, which means it is not directly usable by machines, since computers require structured, organized and typed information in order to be able to manipulate it. Our goal is thus twofold: 1. Provide new natural language processing techniques aiming at automatically extracting relevant information from texts, especially in the context of social sciences, and connect these pieces of information so as to obtain relevant socio-‐ semantic networks ; 2. Provide new ways of exploring these socio-‐semantic networks , thanks to tools allowing one to dynamically navigate these networks , de-‐construct and re-‐ construct them interactively , from different points of view following the needs expressed by domain experts.
290.
Raimbault, Juste
Models Coupling Urban Growth and Transportation Network Growth: An Algorithmic Systematic Review Approach ECTQG 2015, Bari Inproceedings
In: European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography 2015, 2015.
@inproceedings{raimbault2015models,
title = {Models Coupling Urban Growth and Transportation Network Growth: An Algorithmic Systematic Review Approach ECTQG 2015, Bari},
author = {Juste Raimbault},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01857256/},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography 2015},
abstract = {A broad bibliographical study suggests a scarcity of quantitative models of simulation integrating both network and urban growth. This absence may be due to diverging interests of concerned disciplines, resulting in a lack of communication. We propose to proceed to an algorithmic systematic review to give quantitative elements of answer to this question. A formal iterative algorithm to retrieve corpuses of references from initial keywords, based on text-mining, is developed and implemented. We study its convergence properties and do a sensitivity analysis. We then apply it on queries representative of the specific question, for which results tend to confirm the assumption of disciplines compartmentalisation. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A broad bibliographical study suggests a scarcity of quantitative models of simulation integrating both network and urban growth. This absence may be due to diverging interests of concerned disciplines, resulting in a lack of communication. We propose to proceed to an algorithmic systematic review to give quantitative elements of answer to this question. A formal iterative algorithm to retrieve corpuses of references from initial keywords, based on text-mining, is developed and implemented. We study its convergence properties and do a sensitivity analysis. We then apply it on queries representative of the specific question, for which results tend to confirm the assumption of disciplines compartmentalisation.
Masters Theses
291.
el Jamal, Sarah
Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study Masters Thesis
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 2015.
@mastersthesis{elJamal2015,
title = {Framing Arab Poverty Knowledge Production: A Socio-bibliometric Study},
author = {Sarah el Jamal},
url = {https://scholarworks.aub.edu.lb/bitstream/handle/10938/10615/t-6197.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=n},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-02},
address = {Beirut, Lebanon},
school = {American University of Beirut},
abstract = {Based on Mannheim's theory that knowledge is socially constructed, and its production process is influenced by the social context in which it occurs, this study seeks to identify and analyze the social influences and forces behind the knowledge produced and disseminated in the form of academic journal articles on the topic of poverty in the Arab World. Although the knowledge production process will not be studied in its making, certain features and elements of the final body of knowledge (the articles) will be taken as telling indicators of the process in hindsight. These will be the basis of three kinds of analyses that will be carried out: content analysis, authorship analysis, and citation analysis. In content analysis, I will scrutinize the poverty concepts used, the methodologies applied, the use of theory including theoretical frameworks of the studies, the prevailing political and epistemological paradigms, the structure of the articles, and the types of articles (critique, essay, fieldwork). In authorship analysis, I will survey the sociological markers pertaining to the authors and institutions producing the articles. In citation analysis, I will analyze the characteristics and trends of the references. Ultimately, I seek to answer the following question: What are the social factors conditioning the production of academic articles on poverty in the Arab World, and what are the observed trends thereof?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
Based on Mannheim's theory that knowledge is socially constructed, and its production process is influenced by the social context in which it occurs, this study seeks to identify and analyze the social influences and forces behind the knowledge produced and disseminated in the form of academic journal articles on the topic of poverty in the Arab World. Although the knowledge production process will not be studied in its making, certain features and elements of the final body of knowledge (the articles) will be taken as telling indicators of the process in hindsight. These will be the basis of three kinds of analyses that will be carried out: content analysis, authorship analysis, and citation analysis. In content analysis, I will scrutinize the poverty concepts used, the methodologies applied, the use of theory including theoretical frameworks of the studies, the prevailing political and epistemological paradigms, the structure of the articles, and the types of articles (critique, essay, fieldwork). In authorship analysis, I will survey the sociological markers pertaining to the authors and institutions producing the articles. In citation analysis, I will analyze the characteristics and trends of the references. Ultimately, I seek to answer the following question: What are the social factors conditioning the production of academic articles on poverty in the Arab World, and what are the observed trends thereof?
Miscellaneous
292.
Turenne, Nicolas; Andro, Mathieu; Corbière, Roselyne; Phan, Tien T
Open data platform for knowledge access in plant health domain: VESPA Mining Miscellaneous
2015.
@misc{turenne2015open,
title = {Open data platform for knowledge access in plant health domain: VESPA Mining},
author = {Nicolas Turenne and Mathieu Andro and Roselyne Corbière and Tien T Phan},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208763},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {arXiv preprint},
abstract = {Important data are locked in ancient literature. It would be uneconomic to produce these data again and today or to extract them without the help of text mining technologies. Vespa is a text mining project whose aim is to extract data on pest and crops interactions, to model and predict attacks on crops, and to reduce the use of pesticides. A few attempts proposed an agricultural information access. Another originality of our work is to parse documents with a dependency of the document architecture. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Important data are locked in ancient literature. It would be uneconomic to produce these data again and today or to extract them without the help of text mining technologies. Vespa is a text mining project whose aim is to extract data on pest and crops interactions, to model and predict attacks on crops, and to reduce the use of pesticides. A few attempts proposed an agricultural information access. Another originality of our work is to parse documents with a dependency of the document architecture.
PhD Theses
293.
Gayoso, Emile
Coproduire le nouveau. Sociologie des plateformes de co-innovation PhD Thesis
2015, (Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Flichy, Patrice Sociologie Paris Est 2015).
@phdthesis{Gayoso2015,
title = {Coproduire le nouveau. Sociologie des plateformes de co-innovation},
author = {Emile Gayoso},
url = {https://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0055},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-04},
abstract = {Les plateformes de co-innovation sont des dispositifs en ligne que les entreprises ont commencé à développer au milieu de la décennie 2000, dans le sillage du Web 2.0, afin d’intégrer les consommateurs au processus d’innovation. Présentées comme de nouveaux espaces ouverts et collaboratifs, entièrement dédiés à la coopération avec les internautes, ces démarches participatives suscitent l’engouement des gestionnaires et des cabinets de conseil spécialisés dans l’innovation. Pourtant, rares sont les études portant sur la co-innovation qui aient consacré une enquête de terrain aux dispositifs mis en place et aux formes de collaborations qu’ils accueillent. La sociologie, en particulier, s’est notablement désintéressée — au profit des sciences de gestion — des initiatives de co-innovation impliquant de grandes entreprises et a fait porter l’essentiel de ses analyses sur des cas d’innovation ascendante, sur le mouvement du logiciel libre ou sur de petites structures de nature entrepreneuriale. Cette thèse, en prenant pour objet six plateformes mises en place par des très grandes entreprises françaises et étasunienne dans les secteurs des télécommunications, du transport de voyageurs et du matériel informatique, vise à combler ce manque.Au-delà de cette ambition qui tente de restituer la légitimité d’un objet de recherche au sein d’un champ disciplinaire, cette thèse tisse une réflexion autour de trois problèmes fondamentaux : pourquoi et comment les entreprises associent-elles les usagers à leur processus d’innovation ? Pourquoi et comment les usagers collaborent-ils, le plus souvent de façon bénévole ? De quelles nouvelles formes de collaboration, voire de relation, entre l’individu et l’entreprise ces dispositifs sociotechniques sont-ils porteurs ?Nous apportons des réponses à ces questions en mobilisant les outils combinés de la théorie du cadre de référence de Flichy, de la théorie des régimes d’engagement développée par Thévenot et poursuivie par Auray, et enfin des concepts standards de l’analyse de réseaux. Sur le plan empirique, cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée depuis 2010 auprès des acteurs de ces plateformes, au cours de laquelle nous avons adopté une méthode quali-quantitative articulant 44 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs des plateformes (usagers mais aussi responsables de plateformes, chefs de produits, community managers), observations en ligne et analyse de réseaux des collaborations qui se nouent autour des dispositifs.},
note = {Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Flichy, Patrice Sociologie Paris Est 2015},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Les plateformes de co-innovation sont des dispositifs en ligne que les entreprises ont commencé à développer au milieu de la décennie 2000, dans le sillage du Web 2.0, afin d’intégrer les consommateurs au processus d’innovation. Présentées comme de nouveaux espaces ouverts et collaboratifs, entièrement dédiés à la coopération avec les internautes, ces démarches participatives suscitent l’engouement des gestionnaires et des cabinets de conseil spécialisés dans l’innovation. Pourtant, rares sont les études portant sur la co-innovation qui aient consacré une enquête de terrain aux dispositifs mis en place et aux formes de collaborations qu’ils accueillent. La sociologie, en particulier, s’est notablement désintéressée — au profit des sciences de gestion — des initiatives de co-innovation impliquant de grandes entreprises et a fait porter l’essentiel de ses analyses sur des cas d’innovation ascendante, sur le mouvement du logiciel libre ou sur de petites structures de nature entrepreneuriale. Cette thèse, en prenant pour objet six plateformes mises en place par des très grandes entreprises françaises et étasunienne dans les secteurs des télécommunications, du transport de voyageurs et du matériel informatique, vise à combler ce manque.Au-delà de cette ambition qui tente de restituer la légitimité d’un objet de recherche au sein d’un champ disciplinaire, cette thèse tisse une réflexion autour de trois problèmes fondamentaux : pourquoi et comment les entreprises associent-elles les usagers à leur processus d’innovation ? Pourquoi et comment les usagers collaborent-ils, le plus souvent de façon bénévole ? De quelles nouvelles formes de collaboration, voire de relation, entre l’individu et l’entreprise ces dispositifs sociotechniques sont-ils porteurs ?Nous apportons des réponses à ces questions en mobilisant les outils combinés de la théorie du cadre de référence de Flichy, de la théorie des régimes d’engagement développée par Thévenot et poursuivie par Auray, et enfin des concepts standards de l’analyse de réseaux. Sur le plan empirique, cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée depuis 2010 auprès des acteurs de ces plateformes, au cours de laquelle nous avons adopté une méthode quali-quantitative articulant 44 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs des plateformes (usagers mais aussi responsables de plateformes, chefs de produits, community managers), observations en ligne et analyse de réseaux des collaborations qui se nouent autour des dispositifs.
Technical Reports
294.
Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe
Les effets d’une programmation thématique des activités de la recherche publique Technical Report
2015, (DOI 10.13140/RG.2.1.4600.0485).
@techreport{barbier2015effets,
title = {Les effets d’une programmation thématique des activités de la recherche publique},
author = {Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marc_Barbier/publication/280597175_Les_effets_d%27une_programmation_thematique_des_activites_de_la_recherche_publique/links/55bc8c4408aed621de0dd5ee/Les-effets-dune-programmation-thematique-des-activites-de-la-recherche-publique.pdf
https://www.cortext.net/wp-content/uploads/barbier-farigoule-poster_efsa_scientometric-1.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
abstract = {A l’issue de 8 années de programmation, l’ANR a initié une réflexion sur le bilan et les impacts des programmes ADD/SYSTERRA/AGROBIOSPHERE et sollicité la conduite d’une étude sur les projets soumis et lauréats de ces programmes. Cette communication propose les résultats d’une entreprise de caractérisation de ces impacts fondée sur l’analyse de données textuelles de corpus de projets répondant aux appels de trois programmes successifs. Suivant une méthodologie d’étude de domaine de recherche déjà éprouvée, le travail a consisté à caractériser l’évolution conjointe des thématiques de recherche et la structuration de communautés de recherche, suivant l’idée de la structuration d’une offre de promesses scientifiques portées par des collaborations de laboratoires. Les analyses ont été possibles grâce à la formation d’une base de données des projets soumis qui a fait l’objet d’un important travail ingénierique (application projbase). Ces analyses ont été réalisées avec la plateforme CorTexT grâce à l’application CorTexT-Manager qui permet des calculs de graphes de mots-associés et la visualisation de clusterisation de ces graphes. Ce travail exploratoire correspond à un intérêt grandissant de communautés en sciences sociales pour les dynamiques de recherche et les politiques qui les visent à un moment où les grands enjeux du développement durable font l’objet d’un traitement accru dans le cadre d’une gouvernance naissante du système terre.},
note = {DOI 10.13140/RG.2.1.4600.0485},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
A l’issue de 8 années de programmation, l’ANR a initié une réflexion sur le bilan et les impacts des programmes ADD/SYSTERRA/AGROBIOSPHERE et sollicité la conduite d’une étude sur les projets soumis et lauréats de ces programmes. Cette communication propose les résultats d’une entreprise de caractérisation de ces impacts fondée sur l’analyse de données textuelles de corpus de projets répondant aux appels de trois programmes successifs. Suivant une méthodologie d’étude de domaine de recherche déjà éprouvée, le travail a consisté à caractériser l’évolution conjointe des thématiques de recherche et la structuration de communautés de recherche, suivant l’idée de la structuration d’une offre de promesses scientifiques portées par des collaborations de laboratoires. Les analyses ont été possibles grâce à la formation d’une base de données des projets soumis qui a fait l’objet d’un important travail ingénierique (application projbase). Ces analyses ont été réalisées avec la plateforme CorTexT grâce à l’application CorTexT-Manager qui permet des calculs de graphes de mots-associés et la visualisation de clusterisation de ces graphes. Ce travail exploratoire correspond à un intérêt grandissant de communautés en sciences sociales pour les dynamiques de recherche et les politiques qui les visent à un moment où les grands enjeux du développement durable font l’objet d’un traitement accru dans le cadre d’une gouvernance naissante du système terre.
295.
Larédo, Philippe; Robinson, Douglas K. R.; Delemarle, Aurélie; Lagnau, Axel; Revollo, Michel; Villard, Lionel
Mapping and characterising the dynamics of emerging technologies to inform policy Technical Report
2015.
@techreport{laredo2015mapping,
title = {Mapping and characterising the dynamics of emerging technologies to inform policy},
author = {Philippe Larédo and Douglas K.R. Robinson and Aurélie Delemarle and Axel Lagnau and Michel Revollo and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01275987/},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
school = {Université paris Est, IFRIS},
abstract = {The project aims at developing a framework and its tools for mapping the dynamics of emerging technologies (MDET) Emerging technologies are a growing issue for policymaking, as is mirrored by the new European FET programme. Policies and funding agencies face ‘voices’ by researchers asking for public support of what they consider as a new promising technology. This happens when we are past the initial Référence du formulaire : ANR-FORM-090601-01-01 2/15 exploration stage of ‘frontier research’. Initial claims have been recognised as relevant and this has started attracting other researchers. How can their claims be assessed and how can on-‐‑going developments be characterised? To answer this question, we propose a framework that has been developed in three steps. The analysis of a number of case studies (3 by our colleagues from SPRU and 3 by IFRIS) has enabled to identify key dimensions. In return these have driven us to mobilise, combine and complement existing theories. In a third step we have tested the existence of instruments to characterise the situation, and, for some aspects, this has driven us to propose new developments. The report presents both the framework and the tools (with selected examples to illustrate their deployment). The framework is made of 5 dimensions that are visualised in the 5 petals flower of the dynamics of emerging technology. It builds on the proposal by Nedeva that, to understand the dynamics of science, one needs to consider both field and space characteristics. Field relates to the socio-‐‑cognitive dynamics for which scientometrics proposes multiple analytical instruments. They help characterising the content of the emerging technology, the core set of concepts, theories and methods that constitute it; at the same time it helps identifying the key actors and the networks that they form (dimension 1: delineating a technology field). Far less work has been dealing with “Space” that is the source of the four other petals. The second dimension deals with field-‐‑level institutional conditions: how are ideas and products circulated and discussed. This deals mostly with journals, conferences and professional associations that organise them. One result of our case studies has been to emphasize the role of ‘champions’ identifying four types, of which ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ (who foster enactment of the field in different environments). One central characteristics of champions is that they propose visions of the field, and corresponding expectations. This builds our third dimension: promise champions & expectations. Research does not happen in a vacuum: researchers are employed by organisations, funded by programmes, and their field may or not become a policy priority. Barre et al. have proposed to analyse ‘national systems’ and their policies at these 3 complementary levels: orientation, programming and performance. This builds our fourth dimension that aims at characterising the field ‘embedding in research’. However technologies exhibit a second critical dimension, their role in shaping or transforming markets which has seldom been taken into consideration in the analysis of emergence: here we consider 3 aspects that build the fifth dimension ‘embedding in markets’: the existence of ‘niche markets’ that enable entering in a learning curve; arenas that help actors build collective visions and roadmaps and the construction of ‘market infrastructures’ that will enable market generalisation (through rules, norms & values). },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The project aims at developing a framework and its tools for mapping the dynamics of emerging technologies (MDET) Emerging technologies are a growing issue for policymaking, as is mirrored by the new European FET programme. Policies and funding agencies face ‘voices’ by researchers asking for public support of what they consider as a new promising technology. This happens when we are past the initial Référence du formulaire : ANR-FORM-090601-01-01 2/15 exploration stage of ‘frontier research’. Initial claims have been recognised as relevant and this has started attracting other researchers. How can their claims be assessed and how can on-‐‑going developments be characterised? To answer this question, we propose a framework that has been developed in three steps. The analysis of a number of case studies (3 by our colleagues from SPRU and 3 by IFRIS) has enabled to identify key dimensions. In return these have driven us to mobilise, combine and complement existing theories. In a third step we have tested the existence of instruments to characterise the situation, and, for some aspects, this has driven us to propose new developments. The report presents both the framework and the tools (with selected examples to illustrate their deployment). The framework is made of 5 dimensions that are visualised in the 5 petals flower of the dynamics of emerging technology. It builds on the proposal by Nedeva that, to understand the dynamics of science, one needs to consider both field and space characteristics. Field relates to the socio-‐‑cognitive dynamics for which scientometrics proposes multiple analytical instruments. They help characterising the content of the emerging technology, the core set of concepts, theories and methods that constitute it; at the same time it helps identifying the key actors and the networks that they form (dimension 1: delineating a technology field). Far less work has been dealing with “Space” that is the source of the four other petals. The second dimension deals with field-‐‑level institutional conditions: how are ideas and products circulated and discussed. This deals mostly with journals, conferences and professional associations that organise them. One result of our case studies has been to emphasize the role of ‘champions’ identifying four types, of which ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ (who foster enactment of the field in different environments). One central characteristics of champions is that they propose visions of the field, and corresponding expectations. This builds our third dimension: promise champions & expectations. Research does not happen in a vacuum: researchers are employed by organisations, funded by programmes, and their field may or not become a policy priority. Barre et al. have proposed to analyse ‘national systems’ and their policies at these 3 complementary levels: orientation, programming and performance. This builds our fourth dimension that aims at characterising the field ‘embedding in research’. However technologies exhibit a second critical dimension, their role in shaping or transforming markets which has seldom been taken into consideration in the analysis of emergence: here we consider 3 aspects that build the fifth dimension ‘embedding in markets’: the existence of ‘niche markets’ that enable entering in a learning curve; arenas that help actors build collective visions and roadmaps and the construction of ‘market infrastructures’ that will enable market generalisation (through rules, norms & values).
296.
Kahane, Bernard; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Villard, Lionel; Larédo, Philippe
A dynamic query to delineate emergent science and technology : the case of nano science and technology Technical Report
2015.
@techreport{Kahane2015,
title = {A dynamic query to delineate emergent science and technology : the case of nano science and technology},
author = {Bernard Kahane and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lionel Villard and Philippe Larédo
},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {RISIS},
pages = {47-70},
abstract = {Building a larger and relevant database out of an initial seed without relying, because of potential bias, on experts is a common challenge for those who wish to study or track a scientific or technological field. Publications and patents are not the only, but definitely an important component of knowledge generation and dissemination and one of the potential sources for innovation. Scientists communicate their findings through publications. Similarly, patents are legal documents to claim ownership of an invention but they also build a public paper trail of technology advancement. Thus publications and patents are an important, relevant and useful tool to follow and represent results of scientific and technological endeavours (Huang, 2010). Data mining is the extraction of relevant and useful information from large volume of data. Publication and Patent data systematically collected in worldwide databases such as the WoS and Patstat are used to track science and technology dynamic. Data mining faces an important challenge in a context of emergence when new technologies experience explosive growth, evolve rapidly and often cross and subvert existing scientific and technology fields. Emerging science and technology (biotechnology in the 1980s, nanotechnology today, other science and technology fields tomorrow), which often carry strong implications and potentialities for science, business and society, add to the challenge. Their content and dynamic are difficult to track at a time when they are struggling to define who they are, what they include and exclude and how they organize themselves internally. Such is the case for nanotechnology, where the quest for a relevant reliable and replicable way to extract relevant publications and patents, is an on-going process involving several teams worldwide (Glanzel 2003, Noyons 2003, Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007, Porter et al., 2008, Kostoff 2007, Leydesdorff and Zhou, 2007). Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving emerging and dynamic field. Analysts argue that it is likely to be a “general purpose technology” (Youtie 2008, Laredo et al. 2010) with a potential impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, the environment, sustainability and national security. The perceived potential value of nanotechnologies has led to the increased will of governments, academic institutions, firms and other societal actors to better understand what is happening in the field, who is active and where. There is thus an important challenge to develop robust methods to track the nanotechnology field while it rapidly develops and evolves. As a matter of fact, good quality and comprehensive extraction of data is a prerequisite for meaningful understanding and analysis. Huang 2010 as well as L'huillery et al. 2010 have compared the different methodologies developed, and reported on their robustness as well as on the similarities and discrepancies of results obtained. They confirmed the robustness and interest of the evolutionary lexical methodology we have developed (Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007). At that time, three requirements were central to the approach developed. First, it should not depend upon experts. Indeed, the on-going and extensive use of expert-based approaches is costly, time-consuming, and challenging to replicate such that the same outcomes result. This is an important restriction when facing a highly dynamic field where borders are constantly evolving requiring terminology requalification at different times. Second, it should allow updates in order to replicate and compare results while the nanotechnology field (and its lexicon) develop and expand. And third, it should be able to track the relative evolution of subfields inside nanotechnologies: in 2007 we translated this into a third requirement of being “modular”. While the initial development of our methodology was performed in order to extract data from 1998 to 2006, we later engaged in producing an update that could expand the database backward and forward in order to cover years 1991-2011. In our initial methodology, the selection of relevant terms was performed with knowledge built and keywords selected on one single year (2003). A simple solution was to reproduce the selection of terms for 2011, driving us to two semantic universes of nanotechnology, respectively built in 2003 and 2011. However Bonaccorsi (2010) has demonstrated that in a dynamic field such as nanotechnology, keywords often display short life and experience a type of Darwinian selection process. Using this approach, the characterisation of the evolution of the field over 20 years would have only relied on two years for the identification of relevant keywords. There would thus be a risk that we miss the richness of the exploration that shapes the dynamics of knowledge production. Not considering transient keywords that might have emerged and then disappeared, would be a serious drawback in such a dynamic field. There are multiple reasons for this. Two are of particular importance. One is about the learning that a stream of research, even if it goes on with a life of its own, has been experimented but proved not to be useful for colleagues at the time. The other lies in the fact that streams of research which for a while turn to be a dead end, can nevertheless reappear later and become a key resource as demonstrated in many instances. Such a limitation becomes even more visible when taking the whole period under review for identifying relevant keywords. This drove us to add a fourth requirement for such an approach: What is needed is a methodology, which allows us to incorporate and discard in real time relevant terms as they appear and disappear in the nanotechnology story. We need a methodology that allows us to track keywords as characters appear and disappear along the storyline in a movie. Thus, using nanotechnology as a showcase, we here report a data search strategy made of three consecutive steps. As in all the data search strategies for nanotechnology, we start with an initial seed built through the nanostring. We then use the same principle that we applied in our previous approach, that is expanding the initial seed through a dual process where additional keywords observed during a given period are sorted according to their internal specificity (e.g. the extent to which they provide value added meaning to a publication) and then tested in the overall database for ‘external specificity’ (e.g. the ratio of articles in the seed vs. articles in the overall database of publications). This selection of keywords is first applied on the whole dataset covering the 20 years, enabling a “static extension”. The third step builds the “dynamic extension” where additional keywords are identified through a yearly analysis of internal specificity within the nanostring, and selected depending upon their ‘external specificity’. Besides being applied in a specific way for nanotechnology, we claim that such a three steps strategy has universal value to describe the dynamics of emergent and fast evolving fields, transcending pre-existing classifications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Building a larger and relevant database out of an initial seed without relying, because of potential bias, on experts is a common challenge for those who wish to study or track a scientific or technological field. Publications and patents are not the only, but definitely an important component of knowledge generation and dissemination and one of the potential sources for innovation. Scientists communicate their findings through publications. Similarly, patents are legal documents to claim ownership of an invention but they also build a public paper trail of technology advancement. Thus publications and patents are an important, relevant and useful tool to follow and represent results of scientific and technological endeavours (Huang, 2010). Data mining is the extraction of relevant and useful information from large volume of data. Publication and Patent data systematically collected in worldwide databases such as the WoS and Patstat are used to track science and technology dynamic. Data mining faces an important challenge in a context of emergence when new technologies experience explosive growth, evolve rapidly and often cross and subvert existing scientific and technology fields. Emerging science and technology (biotechnology in the 1980s, nanotechnology today, other science and technology fields tomorrow), which often carry strong implications and potentialities for science, business and society, add to the challenge. Their content and dynamic are difficult to track at a time when they are struggling to define who they are, what they include and exclude and how they organize themselves internally. Such is the case for nanotechnology, where the quest for a relevant reliable and replicable way to extract relevant publications and patents, is an on-going process involving several teams worldwide (Glanzel 2003, Noyons 2003, Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007, Porter et al., 2008, Kostoff 2007, Leydesdorff and Zhou, 2007). Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving emerging and dynamic field. Analysts argue that it is likely to be a “general purpose technology” (Youtie 2008, Laredo et al. 2010) with a potential impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, the environment, sustainability and national security. The perceived potential value of nanotechnologies has led to the increased will of governments, academic institutions, firms and other societal actors to better understand what is happening in the field, who is active and where. There is thus an important challenge to develop robust methods to track the nanotechnology field while it rapidly develops and evolves. As a matter of fact, good quality and comprehensive extraction of data is a prerequisite for meaningful understanding and analysis. Huang 2010 as well as L'huillery et al. 2010 have compared the different methodologies developed, and reported on their robustness as well as on the similarities and discrepancies of results obtained. They confirmed the robustness and interest of the evolutionary lexical methodology we have developed (Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007). At that time, three requirements were central to the approach developed. First, it should not depend upon experts. Indeed, the on-going and extensive use of expert-based approaches is costly, time-consuming, and challenging to replicate such that the same outcomes result. This is an important restriction when facing a highly dynamic field where borders are constantly evolving requiring terminology requalification at different times. Second, it should allow updates in order to replicate and compare results while the nanotechnology field (and its lexicon) develop and expand. And third, it should be able to track the relative evolution of subfields inside nanotechnologies: in 2007 we translated this into a third requirement of being “modular”. While the initial development of our methodology was performed in order to extract data from 1998 to 2006, we later engaged in producing an update that could expand the database backward and forward in order to cover years 1991-2011. In our initial methodology, the selection of relevant terms was performed with knowledge built and keywords selected on one single year (2003). A simple solution was to reproduce the selection of terms for 2011, driving us to two semantic universes of nanotechnology, respectively built in 2003 and 2011. However Bonaccorsi (2010) has demonstrated that in a dynamic field such as nanotechnology, keywords often display short life and experience a type of Darwinian selection process. Using this approach, the characterisation of the evolution of the field over 20 years would have only relied on two years for the identification of relevant keywords. There would thus be a risk that we miss the richness of the exploration that shapes the dynamics of knowledge production. Not considering transient keywords that might have emerged and then disappeared, would be a serious drawback in such a dynamic field. There are multiple reasons for this. Two are of particular importance. One is about the learning that a stream of research, even if it goes on with a life of its own, has been experimented but proved not to be useful for colleagues at the time. The other lies in the fact that streams of research which for a while turn to be a dead end, can nevertheless reappear later and become a key resource as demonstrated in many instances. Such a limitation becomes even more visible when taking the whole period under review for identifying relevant keywords. This drove us to add a fourth requirement for such an approach: What is needed is a methodology, which allows us to incorporate and discard in real time relevant terms as they appear and disappear in the nanotechnology story. We need a methodology that allows us to track keywords as characters appear and disappear along the storyline in a movie. Thus, using nanotechnology as a showcase, we here report a data search strategy made of three consecutive steps. As in all the data search strategies for nanotechnology, we start with an initial seed built through the nanostring. We then use the same principle that we applied in our previous approach, that is expanding the initial seed through a dual process where additional keywords observed during a given period are sorted according to their internal specificity (e.g. the extent to which they provide value added meaning to a publication) and then tested in the overall database for ‘external specificity’ (e.g. the ratio of articles in the seed vs. articles in the overall database of publications). This selection of keywords is first applied on the whole dataset covering the 20 years, enabling a “static extension”. The third step builds the “dynamic extension” where additional keywords are identified through a yearly analysis of internal specificity within the nanostring, and selected depending upon their ‘external specificity’. Besides being applied in a specific way for nanotechnology, we claim that such a three steps strategy has universal value to describe the dynamics of emergent and fast evolving fields, transcending pre-existing classifications.
Workshops
297.
Cortext,
Training Book CorTexT Workshop
2015, (RISIS short course type A, 6 -7 October 2015).
@workshop{cortext2015training,
title = {Training Book CorTexT},
author = {Cortext},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
note = {RISIS short course type A, 6 -7 October 2015},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
2014
Journal Articles
298.
Cardon, Vincent
Des chiffres et des lettres. Evaluation, expressions du jugement de qualité et hiérarchies sur le marché de l’hôtellerie Journal Article
In: Réseaux, no. 1, pp. 207–245, 2014.
@article{cardon2014chiffres,
title = {Des chiffres et des lettres. Evaluation, expressions du jugement de qualité et hiérarchies sur le marché de l’hôtellerie},
author = {Vincent Cardon},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/res.183.0205},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Réseaux},
number = {1},
pages = {207--245},
publisher = {La Découverte},
abstract = {TripAdvisor constitue une déclinaison, dédiée au tourisme, d’un dispositif standard d’évaluation en ligne, fondé sur la juxtaposition d’un versant quantifié et d’un autre textuel. Le dialogue de ces deux dimensions constitue l’objet de cet article, fondé sur l’analyse quantitative des contributions. L’analyse lexicale des commentaires révèle des pratiques d’écriture très diverses et la mobilisation de catégories de jugement qui varient selon le niveau de la note, le contexte de voyage, mais également selon la langue de rédaction et la catégorie hôtelière. Les hiérarchies marchandes et évaluatives ont aussi leurs expressions textuelles, et tous les individus n’investissent pas le dispositif et les métriques de la même manière. Ainsi, plus les contributeurs s’expriment sur des hôtels qu’ils jugent de bonne qualité, plus ils le font sur le mode d’une subjectivation narrative de leur expérience de consommation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
TripAdvisor constitue une déclinaison, dédiée au tourisme, d’un dispositif standard d’évaluation en ligne, fondé sur la juxtaposition d’un versant quantifié et d’un autre textuel. Le dialogue de ces deux dimensions constitue l’objet de cet article, fondé sur l’analyse quantitative des contributions. L’analyse lexicale des commentaires révèle des pratiques d’écriture très diverses et la mobilisation de catégories de jugement qui varient selon le niveau de la note, le contexte de voyage, mais également selon la langue de rédaction et la catégorie hôtelière. Les hiérarchies marchandes et évaluatives ont aussi leurs expressions textuelles, et tous les individus n’investissent pas le dispositif et les métriques de la même manière. Ainsi, plus les contributeurs s’expriment sur des hôtels qu’ils jugent de bonne qualité, plus ils le font sur le mode d’une subjectivation narrative de leur expérience de consommation.
299.
Cambrosio, Alberto; Bourret, Pascale; Rabeharisoa, Vololona; Callon, Michel
Big Data and the Collective Turn in Biomedicine. How Should We Analyze Post-Genomic Practices? Journal Article
In: TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 11-42, 2014.
@article{cambrosio2014big,
title = {Big Data and the Collective Turn in Biomedicine. How Should We Analyze Post-Genomic Practices?},
author = {Alberto Cambrosio and Pascale Bourret and Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon},
url = {http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/view/178},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {11-42},
abstract = {We presently witness a profound transformation of the configuration of biomedical practices, as characterized by an increasingly collective dimension, and by a growing reliance on disruptive technologies that generate large amounts of data. We also witness a proliferation of biomedical databases, often freely accessible on the Web, which can be easily analyzed thanks to network analysis software. In this position paper we discuss how science and technology studies (S&TS) may cope with these developments. In particular, we examine a number of shortcomings of the notion of networks, namely those concerning: (a) the relation between agency and structural analysis; (b) the distinction between network clusters and collectives; (c) the (ac)counting strategies that fuel the networking approach; and (d) the privileged status ascribed to textual documents. This will lead us to reframe the question of the relations between S&TS and biomedical scientists, as big data offer an interesting opportunity for developing new modes of cooperation between the social and the life sciences, while avoiding the dichotomies – between the social and the cognitive, or between texts and practices – that S&TS has successfully managed to discard.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We presently witness a profound transformation of the configuration of biomedical practices, as characterized by an increasingly collective dimension, and by a growing reliance on disruptive technologies that generate large amounts of data. We also witness a proliferation of biomedical databases, often freely accessible on the Web, which can be easily analyzed thanks to network analysis software. In this position paper we discuss how science and technology studies (S&TS) may cope with these developments. In particular, we examine a number of shortcomings of the notion of networks, namely those concerning: (a) the relation between agency and structural analysis; (b) the distinction between network clusters and collectives; (c) the (ac)counting strategies that fuel the networking approach; and (d) the privileged status ascribed to textual documents. This will lead us to reframe the question of the relations between S&TS and biomedical scientists, as big data offer an interesting opportunity for developing new modes of cooperation between the social and the life sciences, while avoiding the dichotomies – between the social and the cognitive, or between texts and practices – that S&TS has successfully managed to discard.
300.
Cetro, Rosa; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe; Eggermont, Hilde; Gambette, Philippe; Kyriacopoulou, Tita; Roux, Xavier Le; Martineau, Claude; Turenne, Nicolas
Vers une approche semi-automatique pour la définition de motifs d'argumentation utilisés dans les résumés de projets scientifiques du domaine de la biodiversité Journal Article
In: Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, pp. 47-80, 2014.
@article{cetro2014vers,
title = {Vers une approche semi-automatique pour la définition de motifs d'argumentation utilisés dans les résumés de projets scientifiques du domaine de la biodiversité},
author = {Rosa Cetro and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker and Hilde Eggermont and Philippe Gambette and Tita Kyriacopoulou and Xavier Le Roux and Claude Martineau and Nicolas Turenne},
url = {https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01090607/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information},
pages = {47-80},
abstract = {Nous positionnons notre travail dans le domaine de l’analyse et de la visualisation de données textuelles produites par les scientifiques et réunies en corpus calibré. Ce domaine est reconnu pour sa contribution à la réflexion sur la composition et l’évaluation des politiques scientifiques. Le corpus que nous utilisons est une collection de tous les résumés de projets acceptés dans des guichets d’appels à projet dans le domaine de la biodiversité référencés par le réseau européen BiodivERsA. L’objectif de ce travail ancré dans la sociologie des sciences consiste à mieux comprendre les principales caractéristiques utilisées par les scientifiques pour présenter leur projet et convaincre de ses qualités. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une pluralité d’outils face à la difficulté de dépouiller l’information pour associer le niveau sémantique (structure de l’information) au niveau pragmatique (relations entre les rédacteurs de projet).Notre contribution repose sur un nouveau type d’extraction d’information, hors entités nommées, basé sur l'extraction de motifs d’argumentation. D’une part on remarque que l’usage de ces motifs marque la présence d'arguments dans des résumés de projets, et d’autre part croît avec le temps.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nous positionnons notre travail dans le domaine de l’analyse et de la visualisation de données textuelles produites par les scientifiques et réunies en corpus calibré. Ce domaine est reconnu pour sa contribution à la réflexion sur la composition et l’évaluation des politiques scientifiques. Le corpus que nous utilisons est une collection de tous les résumés de projets acceptés dans des guichets d’appels à projet dans le domaine de la biodiversité référencés par le réseau européen BiodivERsA. L’objectif de ce travail ancré dans la sociologie des sciences consiste à mieux comprendre les principales caractéristiques utilisées par les scientifiques pour présenter leur projet et convaincre de ses qualités. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une pluralité d’outils face à la difficulté de dépouiller l’information pour associer le niveau sémantique (structure de l’information) au niveau pragmatique (relations entre les rédacteurs de projet).Notre contribution repose sur un nouveau type d’extraction d’information, hors entités nommées, basé sur l'extraction de motifs d’argumentation. D’une part on remarque que l’usage de ces motifs marque la présence d'arguments dans des résumés de projets, et d’autre part croît avec le temps.
301.
Granjou, Celine; Mauz, Isabelle; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe
Making taxonomy environmentally relevant. Insights from an all taxa biodiversity inventory Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 38, pp. 254-262, 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004).
@article{granjou2014making,
title = {Making taxonomy environmentally relevant. Insights from an all taxa biodiversity inventory},
author = {Celine Granjou and Isabelle Mauz and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {38},
pages = {254-262},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {For several decades taxonomy has been marginalized in academic labs and universities. Today, rising concerns over biodiversity and ecosystem services are creating an unprecedented opportunity for it to be viewed as a crucially relevant field. This article aims to scrutinize how the biodiversity concerns entail new collaboration designs between taxonomists and nature managers and between taxonomists and ecologists. Our key point is that taxonomy's environmental relevance is not given: instead, taxonomic data have to be made relevant by taxonomists and their partners in specific collaborative and organizational arrangements. The article draws on an empirical study of an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in a national park in the French Alps, including an ethnographic survey combined with scientometric analysis. It was found that the collaboration initiated in the ATBI between taxonomists, ecologists and the park managers was paved with disappointments and reorientations because it partly failed to address the tension between a taxonomic and an ecological approach to the relevance of taxonomic data. The rise of biodiversity and ecosystem services concerns constitutes a “double-edged sword” for taxonomists: while there is greater opportunity for taxonomists to render their work visible through new research collaboration arrangements with ecologists, it also entails a risk that they remain mere data providers for nature managers and ecologists interested in ecosystem functioning.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
For several decades taxonomy has been marginalized in academic labs and universities. Today, rising concerns over biodiversity and ecosystem services are creating an unprecedented opportunity for it to be viewed as a crucially relevant field. This article aims to scrutinize how the biodiversity concerns entail new collaboration designs between taxonomists and nature managers and between taxonomists and ecologists. Our key point is that taxonomy's environmental relevance is not given: instead, taxonomic data have to be made relevant by taxonomists and their partners in specific collaborative and organizational arrangements. The article draws on an empirical study of an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in a national park in the French Alps, including an ethnographic survey combined with scientometric analysis. It was found that the collaboration initiated in the ATBI between taxonomists, ecologists and the park managers was paved with disappointments and reorientations because it partly failed to address the tension between a taxonomic and an ecological approach to the relevance of taxonomic data. The rise of biodiversity and ecosystem services concerns constitutes a “double-edged sword” for taxonomists: while there is greater opportunity for taxonomists to render their work visible through new research collaboration arrangements with ecologists, it also entails a risk that they remain mere data providers for nature managers and ecologists interested in ecosystem functioning.
302.
Leydesdorff, Loet; Goldstone, Robert L
Interdisciplinarity at the journal and specialty level: The changing knowledge bases of the journal Cognitive Science Journal Article
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 164-177, 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953).
@article{leydesdorff2014interdisciplinarity,
title = {Interdisciplinarity at the journal and specialty level: The changing knowledge bases of the journal Cognitive Science},
author = {Loet Leydesdorff and Robert L Goldstone},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {164-177},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
abstract = {Using the referencing patterns in articles in Cognitive Science over three decades, we analyze the knowledge base of this literature in terms of its changing disciplinary composition. Three periods are distinguished: (A) construction of the interdisciplinary space in the 1980s, (B) development of an interdisciplinary orientation in the 1990s, and (C) reintegration into “cognitive psychology” in the 2000s. The fluidity and fuzziness of the interdisciplinary delineations in the different visualizations can be reduced and clarified using factor analysis. We also explore newly available routines (“CorText”) to analyze this development in terms of “tubes” using an alluvial map and compare the results with an animation (using “Visone”). The historical specificity of this development can be compared with the development of “artificial intelligence” into an integrated specialty during this same period. Interdisciplinarity should be defined differently at the level of journals and of specialties.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Using the referencing patterns in articles in Cognitive Science over three decades, we analyze the knowledge base of this literature in terms of its changing disciplinary composition. Three periods are distinguished: (A) construction of the interdisciplinary space in the 1980s, (B) development of an interdisciplinary orientation in the 1990s, and (C) reintegration into “cognitive psychology” in the 2000s. The fluidity and fuzziness of the interdisciplinary delineations in the different visualizations can be reduced and clarified using factor analysis. We also explore newly available routines (“CorText”) to analyze this development in terms of “tubes” using an alluvial map and compare the results with an animation (using “Visone”). The historical specificity of this development can be compared with the development of “artificial intelligence” into an integrated specialty during this same period. Interdisciplinarity should be defined differently at the level of journals and of specialties.
303.
Mazieres, Antoine; Trachman, Mathieu; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Coulmont, Baptiste; Prieur, Christophe
Deep tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography Journal Article
In: Porn Studies, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 80–95, 2014.
@article{mazieres2014deep,
title = {Deep tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography},
author = {Antoine Mazieres and Mathieu Trachman and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Baptiste Coulmont and Christophe Prieur},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2014.888214},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Porn Studies},
volume = {1},
number = {1-2},
pages = {80--95},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {The development of the web has increased the diversity of pornographic content, and at the same time the rise of online platforms has initiated a new trend of quantitative research that makes possible the analysis of data on an unprecedented scale. This paper explores the application of a quantitative approach to publicly available data collected from pornographic websites. Several analyses are applied to these digital traces with a focus on keywords describing videos and their underlying categorization systems. The analysis of a large network of tags shows that the accumulation of categories does not separate scripts from each other, but instead draws a multitude of significant paths between fuzzy categories. The datasets and tools we describe have been made publicly available for further study.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The development of the web has increased the diversity of pornographic content, and at the same time the rise of online platforms has initiated a new trend of quantitative research that makes possible the analysis of data on an unprecedented scale. This paper explores the application of a quantitative approach to publicly available data collected from pornographic websites. Several analyses are applied to these digital traces with a focus on keywords describing videos and their underlying categorization systems. The analysis of a large network of tags shows that the accumulation of categories does not separate scripts from each other, but instead draws a multitude of significant paths between fuzzy categories. The datasets and tools we describe have been made publicly available for further study.
304.
Omodei, Elisa; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations Journal Article
In: Revue Sciences/Lettres, no. 2, 2014.
@article{omodei2014modelisation,
title = {Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations},
author = {Elisa Omodei and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://journals.openedition.org/rsl/510},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue Sciences/Lettres},
number = {2},
publisher = {École normale supérieure},
abstract = {Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).
305.
Tancoigne, Elise; Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Richard, Guy
The place of agricultural sciences in the literature on ecosystem services Journal Article
In: Ecosystem Services, vol. 10, pp. 35-48, 2014.
@article{tancoigne2014place,
title = {The place of agricultural sciences in the literature on ecosystem services},
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Guy Richard},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Ecosystem Services},
volume = {10},
pages = {35-48},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {We performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific literature on ecosystem services in order to help tracing a research agenda for agricultural sciences. The ecosystem services concept now lies at the heart of current developments to address global environmental change. Do agricultural sciences generate knowledge that covers this emerging theme? An analysis of scientific production allowed us to return to the ecological origins of this concept and see how little it has been appropriated by agricultural sciences until now, despite major focus on the issue of agro-ecosystems in the literature. Agricultural sciences tend to be more active in the field of environmental services, defined as services rendered by humans to ecosystems. The main studied services are those which have already been clearly identified and which act in synergy. Less attention is paid to the antagonisms between different services. These findings call for the implementation of agricultural research programmes that will consider the socio-agro-ecosystem as a whole and broaden the traditional issues addressed by agricultural sciences. We insist on three main management and operational issues that needs to be overcome if this is to be done: working at the landscape scale, increasing inter-disciplinary collaborations and take uncertainties into account.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific literature on ecosystem services in order to help tracing a research agenda for agricultural sciences. The ecosystem services concept now lies at the heart of current developments to address global environmental change. Do agricultural sciences generate knowledge that covers this emerging theme? An analysis of scientific production allowed us to return to the ecological origins of this concept and see how little it has been appropriated by agricultural sciences until now, despite major focus on the issue of agro-ecosystems in the literature. Agricultural sciences tend to be more active in the field of environmental services, defined as services rendered by humans to ecosystems. The main studied services are those which have already been clearly identified and which act in synergy. Less attention is paid to the antagonisms between different services. These findings call for the implementation of agricultural research programmes that will consider the socio-agro-ecosystem as a whole and broaden the traditional issues addressed by agricultural sciences. We insist on three main management and operational issues that needs to be overcome if this is to be done: working at the landscape scale, increasing inter-disciplinary collaborations and take uncertainties into account.
306.
Venturini, Tommaso; Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Gray, Ian; Zabban, Vinciane; Pryck, Kari De
Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy Journal Article
In: Big Data & Society, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1-19, 2014.
@article{venturini2014three,
title = {Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy},
author = {Tommaso Venturini and Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Ian Gray and Vinciane Zabban and Kari De Pryck},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714543804},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Big Data & Society},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {1-19},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section ‘Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences’). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section ‘Three maps on climate negotiations’) we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section ‘Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences’). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section ‘Three maps on climate negotiations’) we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate.
307.
Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Cartographier la trajectoire de l'adaptation dans l'espace des négociations sur le climat. Changer d'échelle, red(u)ire la complexité Journal Article
In: Réseaux, vol. 188, no. 6, pp. 159-198, 2014.
@article{Baya-Laffite2014,
title = {Cartographier la trajectoire de l'adaptation dans l'espace des négociations sur le climat. Changer d'échelle, red(u)ire la complexité},
author = {Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/res.188.0159},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Réseaux},
volume = {188},
number = {6},
pages = {159-198},
abstract = {Les négociations au sein de Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) connaissaient une inflation thématique incessante à l’aune des intérêts et cadrages souvent concurrents des Parties. En témoigne la place acquise par le thème controversé de l’adaptation aux impacts du changement climatique. Cartographier ce phénomène complexe constitue un défi pour l’analyse quali-quantitative des problèmes publics que cet article adresse en présentant et en discutant une expérience de production et visualisation de données sur configuration de l’espace thématique des négociations et son déploiement dans le temps. Par un changement d’échelle et des allers-retours entre visualisation et narration, il est dès lors possible de réduire et redire la complexité pour rendre compte de la trajectoire de l’adaptation. Celui-ci n’est, cependant, qu’un exemple parmi les multiples histoires, fondées sur la modélisation des données, qui peuvent être produites. Ainsi, ce type de visualisations porte un potentiel en tant qu’objet frontière pour discuter les enjeux passés, présents et futurs à l’aune d’une vue synoptique du processus.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Les négociations au sein de Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) connaissaient une inflation thématique incessante à l’aune des intérêts et cadrages souvent concurrents des Parties. En témoigne la place acquise par le thème controversé de l’adaptation aux impacts du changement climatique. Cartographier ce phénomène complexe constitue un défi pour l’analyse quali-quantitative des problèmes publics que cet article adresse en présentant et en discutant une expérience de production et visualisation de données sur configuration de l’espace thématique des négociations et son déploiement dans le temps. Par un changement d’échelle et des allers-retours entre visualisation et narration, il est dès lors possible de réduire et redire la complexité pour rendre compte de la trajectoire de l’adaptation. Celui-ci n’est, cependant, qu’un exemple parmi les multiples histoires, fondées sur la modélisation des données, qui peuvent être produites. Ainsi, ce type de visualisations porte un potentiel en tant qu’objet frontière pour discuter les enjeux passés, présents et futurs à l’aune d’une vue synoptique du processus.
Conferences
308.
Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Socio-semantic dynamics for digital humanities: Methodology and epistemology of large textual corpora analysis Conference
2014.
@conference{barbier2014sociosemantic,
title = {Socio-semantic dynamics for digital humanities: Methodology and epistemology of large textual corpora analysis},
author = {Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://easst.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/easst2014.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations and social media relationships required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of digital data (texts, archives, structured databases, websites, blogs, etc.). The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge in social sciences and humanities more widely are changed too. New digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues. The aim of this communication is to propose (1) to discuss some of the epistemic problems that surge from the use of digital platforms ambitioning the development of our capacities of enquiry of knowledge production in society; (2) to present the main developments and experience that had been led within the CorTexT plateform as well as their driving principles.},
howpublished = {Communication to the EASST Conference, Torun, Pologne},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations and social media relationships required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of digital data (texts, archives, structured databases, websites, blogs, etc.). The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge in social sciences and humanities more widely are changed too. New digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues. The aim of this communication is to propose (1) to discuss some of the epistemic problems that surge from the use of digital platforms ambitioning the development of our capacities of enquiry of knowledge production in society; (2) to present the main developments and experience that had been led within the CorTexT plateform as well as their driving principles.
309.
Benbouzid, Bilel
Analyse scientométrique des usages des enquêtes de victimation avec Cortext Manager Conference
Association Internationale des criminologues de langue française, vol. 1, 2014.
@conference{benbouzid2014analyse,
title = {Analyse scientométrique des usages des enquêtes de victimation avec Cortext Manager},
author = {Bilel Benbouzid},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Association Internationale des criminologues de langue française},
journal = {Association Internationale des criminologues de langue française},
volume = {1},
pages = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Book Chapters
310.
Bourret, Pascale; Keating, Peter; Cambrosio, Alberto
From BRCA to BRCAness: tales of translational research Book Chapter
In: Breast Cancer Gene Research and Medical Practices: Transnational Perspectives in the time of BRCA, pp. 175-193, Routledge, 2014.
@inbook{gibbon2014breast,
title = {From BRCA to BRCAness: tales of translational research},
author = {Pascale Bourret and Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264556063_From_BRCA_to_BRCAness_tales_of_translational_research},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Breast Cancer Gene Research and Medical Practices: Transnational Perspectives in the time of BRCA},
pages = {175-193},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {The discovery of the two inherited susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the mid-1990s created the possibility of predictive genetic testing and led to the establishment of specific medical programmes for those at high risk of developing breast cancer in the UK, US and Europe. In the intervening fifteen years, the medical institutionalisation of these knowledge-practices and accompanying medical techniques for assessing and managing risk have advanced at a rapid pace across multiple national and transnational arenas, whilst also themselves constituting a highly mobile and shifting terrain.
This unique edited collection brings together cross-disciplinary social science research to present a broad global comparative understanding of the implications of BRCA gene research and medical practices. With a focus on time-economies that unfold locally, nationally and transnationally (including in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, the UK and the USA), the essays in this volume facilitate a re-reading of concepts such as prevention, kinship and heredity, and together offer a unique, timely and comparative perspective on these developments.
The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The discovery of the two inherited susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the mid-1990s created the possibility of predictive genetic testing and led to the establishment of specific medical programmes for those at high risk of developing breast cancer in the UK, US and Europe. In the intervening fifteen years, the medical institutionalisation of these knowledge-practices and accompanying medical techniques for assessing and managing risk have advanced at a rapid pace across multiple national and transnational arenas, whilst also themselves constituting a highly mobile and shifting terrain.
This unique edited collection brings together cross-disciplinary social science research to present a broad global comparative understanding of the implications of BRCA gene research and medical practices. With a focus on time-economies that unfold locally, nationally and transnationally (including in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, the UK and the USA), the essays in this volume facilitate a re-reading of concepts such as prevention, kinship and heredity, and together offer a unique, timely and comparative perspective on these developments.
The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics.
This unique edited collection brings together cross-disciplinary social science research to present a broad global comparative understanding of the implications of BRCA gene research and medical practices. With a focus on time-economies that unfold locally, nationally and transnationally (including in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, the UK and the USA), the essays in this volume facilitate a re-reading of concepts such as prevention, kinship and heredity, and together offer a unique, timely and comparative perspective on these developments.
The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics.
Inproceedings
311.
Bourreau, Pierre; Poibeau, Thierry
Mapping the Economic Crisis: Some Preliminary Investigations Inproceedings
In: ACL Language Technologies and Computational Social Science, 2014.
@inproceedings{bourreau2014mapping,
title = {Mapping the Economic Crisis: Some Preliminary Investigations},
author = {Pierre Bourreau and Thierry Poibeau},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01056144/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {ACL Language Technologies and Computational Social Science},
abstract = {In this paper we describe our contribution to the PoliInformatics 2014 Challenge on the 2007-2008 financial crisis. We propose a state of the art technique to extract information from texts and provide different representations, giving first a static overview of the domain and then a dynamic representation of its main evolutions. We show that this strategy provides a practical solution to some recent theories in social sciences that are facing a lack of methods and tools to automatically extract information from natural language texts. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we describe our contribution to the PoliInformatics 2014 Challenge on the 2007-2008 financial crisis. We propose a state of the art technique to extract information from texts and provide different representations, giving first a static overview of the domain and then a dynamic representation of its main evolutions. We show that this strategy provides a practical solution to some recent theories in social sciences that are facing a lack of methods and tools to automatically extract information from natural language texts.
312.
Lepinay, Vincent; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Villard, Lionel
Russian computer scientists, local and abroad: mobility and collaboration Inproceedings
In: Proceedings of the 10th Central and Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia, pp. 18, ACM 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1145/2687233.2687254).
@inproceedings{lepinay2014russian,
title = {Russian computer scientists, local and abroad: mobility and collaboration},
author = {Vincent Lepinay and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2687233.2687254},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Central and Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia},
pages = {18},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {In this paper we present the first results of the first comprehensive study of a population that has drawn attention over the past few years, Russian computer scientists (CS) and IT specialists. We collected data from digital platforms were CS and IT leave either signatures or digital traces. The difference between signatures and traces is the difference between intentional scientific claims (an article or a vitae) and by-products of activities that take place on the web. Digital signatures are a digital mode of existence of objects that exist otherwise; digital traces only exist on digital platforms.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2687233.2687254},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we present the first results of the first comprehensive study of a population that has drawn attention over the past few years, Russian computer scientists (CS) and IT specialists. We collected data from digital platforms were CS and IT leave either signatures or digital traces. The difference between signatures and traces is the difference between intentional scientific claims (an article or a vitae) and by-products of activities that take place on the web. Digital signatures are a digital mode of existence of objects that exist otherwise; digital traces only exist on digital platforms.
313.
Omodei, Elisa; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Poibeau, Thierry
Mapping the natural language processing domain: Experiments using the acl anthology Inproceedings
In: LREC 2014, the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pp. 2972-2979, ELRA 2014.
@inproceedings{omodei2014mapping,
title = {Mapping the natural language processing domain: Experiments using the acl anthology},
author = {Elisa Omodei and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Thierry Poibeau},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01056147},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {LREC 2014, the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
pages = {2972-2979},
organization = {ELRA},
abstract = {This paper investigates the evolution of the computational linguistics domain through a quantitative analysis of the ACL Anthology (containing around 12,000 papers published between 1985 and 2008). Our approach combines complex system methods with natural language processing techniques. We reconstruct the socio-semantic landscape of the domain by inferring a co-authorship and a semantic network from the analysis of the corpus. First, keywords are extracted using a hybrid approach mixing linguistic patterns with statistical information. Then, the semantic network is built using a co-occurrence analysis of these keywords within the corpus. Combining temporal and network analysis techniques, we are able to examine the main evolutions of the field and the more active subfields over time. Lastly we propose a model to explore the mutual influence of the social and the semantic network over time, leading to a socio-semantic co-evolutionary system. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper investigates the evolution of the computational linguistics domain through a quantitative analysis of the ACL Anthology (containing around 12,000 papers published between 1985 and 2008). Our approach combines complex system methods with natural language processing techniques. We reconstruct the socio-semantic landscape of the domain by inferring a co-authorship and a semantic network from the analysis of the corpus. First, keywords are extracted using a hybrid approach mixing linguistic patterns with statistical information. Then, the semantic network is built using a co-occurrence analysis of these keywords within the corpus. Combining temporal and network analysis techniques, we are able to examine the main evolutions of the field and the more active subfields over time. Lastly we propose a model to explore the mutual influence of the social and the semantic network over time, leading to a socio-semantic co-evolutionary system.
314.
Steinfeld, Nili; Lev-On, Azi
Well-done, Mr. Mayor!: Linguistic analysis of municipal facebook pages Inproceedings
In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, pp. 273-279, ACM 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612763).
@inproceedings{steinfeld2014well,
title = {Well-done, Mr. Mayor!: Linguistic analysis of municipal facebook pages},
author = {Nili Steinfeld and Azi Lev-On},
url = {http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2620000/2612763/p273-steinfeld.pdf?ip=193.50.159.53&id=2612763&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&key=7EBF6E77E86B478F%2E61E9A885BAD764B5%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35&__acm__=1552899282_c684371c6e1983abb09f4803232dbb4c},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research},
pages = {273-279},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {The increasing use of social networks has given rise to a new kind of relations between residents and authorities at the municipal level, where residents can speak directly to administrators and representatives, can take part in open discussions, and may have more direct involvement and influence on local affairs. The more direct democracy facilitated by social media outlets fascinates communication and political science researchers. But while most of their attention is drawn to national politics, the municipal arena can be even more affected by these new means of direct communication. This paper focuses on municipal administration on Facebook, and analyzes the discourse that has developed between citizens and local administrators on municipal Facebook pages, using automatic digital tools.
The formal Facebook pages of all of the cities in Israel were extracted using digital tools, and all posts and comments published on these pages in a period of six months were analyzed using automatic linguistic analysis tools that provided information regarding the use and frequencies of words and terms in the texts.
The paper presents the prominent topics, use of language, and basic features of citizens--municipalities interactions in formal Facebook pages. The study discusses the findings, their implications, and the advantages and limitations of using digital tools to analyze texts in a digital research field.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612763},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The increasing use of social networks has given rise to a new kind of relations between residents and authorities at the municipal level, where residents can speak directly to administrators and representatives, can take part in open discussions, and may have more direct involvement and influence on local affairs. The more direct democracy facilitated by social media outlets fascinates communication and political science researchers. But while most of their attention is drawn to national politics, the municipal arena can be even more affected by these new means of direct communication. This paper focuses on municipal administration on Facebook, and analyzes the discourse that has developed between citizens and local administrators on municipal Facebook pages, using automatic digital tools.
The formal Facebook pages of all of the cities in Israel were extracted using digital tools, and all posts and comments published on these pages in a period of six months were analyzed using automatic linguistic analysis tools that provided information regarding the use and frequencies of words and terms in the texts.
The paper presents the prominent topics, use of language, and basic features of citizens--municipalities interactions in formal Facebook pages. The study discusses the findings, their implications, and the advantages and limitations of using digital tools to analyze texts in a digital research field.
The formal Facebook pages of all of the cities in Israel were extracted using digital tools, and all posts and comments published on these pages in a period of six months were analyzed using automatic linguistic analysis tools that provided information regarding the use and frequencies of words and terms in the texts.
The paper presents the prominent topics, use of language, and basic features of citizens--municipalities interactions in formal Facebook pages. The study discusses the findings, their implications, and the advantages and limitations of using digital tools to analyze texts in a digital research field.
315.
Schoen, Antoine; Paradeise, Catherine; Cauchard, Lionel; Noël, Marianne
A double shift in researchers’ activity profiles: an actor-based analysis of the making of quality in high standing academic departments Inproceedings
In: STI 2014 Leiden, “Context Counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data”, CWTS 2014.
@inproceedings{Schoen2014,
title = {A double shift in researchers’ activity profiles: an actor-based analysis of the making of quality in high standing academic departments},
author = {Antoine Schoen and Catherine Paradeise and Lionel Cauchard and Marianne Noël},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {STI 2014 Leiden, “Context Counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data”},
organization = {CWTS},
series = {STI 2014 Leiden},
abstract = {This study aims at opening the black box of high standing academic departments for analysing the combination of individual contributions in the production of a shared quality label. By analysing personal CVs, this study investigates three research questions: To what extent is academic quality the result of individual performances or a collective achievement? Can we characterise a specialisation of activities within the departments between « junior » and « senior » researchers? Is there a shift across cohorts in the academic activity profile during the early career phase?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This study aims at opening the black box of high standing academic departments for analysing the combination of individual contributions in the production of a shared quality label. By analysing personal CVs, this study investigates three research questions: To what extent is academic quality the result of individual performances or a collective achievement? Can we characterise a specialisation of activities within the departments between « junior » and « senior » researchers? Is there a shift across cohorts in the academic activity profile during the early career phase?
PhD Theses
316.
Omodei, Elisa
Modeling the socio-semantic dynamics of scientific communities PhD Thesis
Ecole normale supérieure-ENS PARIS, 2014.
@phdthesis{omodei2014modeling,
title = {Modeling the socio-semantic dynamics of scientific communities},
author = {Elisa Omodei},
url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01097702/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
school = {Ecole normale supérieure-ENS PARIS},
abstract = {Comment les structures sociales et sémantiques d'une communauté scientifique guident-elles les dynamiques de collaboration à venir ? Dans cette thèse, nous combinons des techniques de traitement automatique des langues et des méthodes provenant de l'analyse de réseaux complexes pour analyser une base de données de publications scientifiques dans le domaine de la linguistique computationnelle : l'ACL Anthology. Notre objectif est de comprendre le rôle des collaborations entre les chercheurs dans la construction du paysage sémantique du domaine, et, symétriquement, de saisir combien ce même paysage influence les trajectoires individuelles des chercheurs et leurs interactions. Nous employons des outils d’analyse du contenu textuel pour extraire des textes des publications les termes correspondant à des concepts scientifiques. Ces termes sont ensuite connectés aux chercheurs pour former un réseau socio-sémantique, dont nous modélisons la dynamique à différentes échelles. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle statistique, à base de régressions logistiques multivariées, qui permet de quantifier le rôle respectif des propriétés sociales et sémantiques de la communauté sur la dynamique microscopique du réseau socio-sémantique. Nous reconstruisons par la suite l’évolution du champ de la linguistique computationelle en créant différentes cartographies du réseau sémantique, représentant les connaissances produites dans le domaine, mais aussi le flux d’auteurs entre les différents champs de recherche du domaine. En résumé, nos travaux ont montré que la combinaison des méthodes issues du traitement automatique des langues et de l'analyse des réseaux complexes permet d'étudier d'une manière nouvelle l'évolution des domaines scientifiques. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Comment les structures sociales et sémantiques d'une communauté scientifique guident-elles les dynamiques de collaboration à venir ? Dans cette thèse, nous combinons des techniques de traitement automatique des langues et des méthodes provenant de l'analyse de réseaux complexes pour analyser une base de données de publications scientifiques dans le domaine de la linguistique computationnelle : l'ACL Anthology. Notre objectif est de comprendre le rôle des collaborations entre les chercheurs dans la construction du paysage sémantique du domaine, et, symétriquement, de saisir combien ce même paysage influence les trajectoires individuelles des chercheurs et leurs interactions. Nous employons des outils d’analyse du contenu textuel pour extraire des textes des publications les termes correspondant à des concepts scientifiques. Ces termes sont ensuite connectés aux chercheurs pour former un réseau socio-sémantique, dont nous modélisons la dynamique à différentes échelles. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle statistique, à base de régressions logistiques multivariées, qui permet de quantifier le rôle respectif des propriétés sociales et sémantiques de la communauté sur la dynamique microscopique du réseau socio-sémantique. Nous reconstruisons par la suite l’évolution du champ de la linguistique computationelle en créant différentes cartographies du réseau sémantique, représentant les connaissances produites dans le domaine, mais aussi le flux d’auteurs entre les différents champs de recherche du domaine. En résumé, nos travaux ont montré que la combinaison des méthodes issues du traitement automatique des langues et de l'analyse des réseaux complexes permet d'étudier d'une manière nouvelle l'évolution des domaines scientifiques.
317.
Levain, Alix-Kathleen
Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes PhD Thesis
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2014.
@phdthesis{Levain2014,
title = {Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes},
author = {Alix-Kathleen Levain},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098682/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
school = {Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle},
abstract = {Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive.
Technical Reports
318.
Tancoigne, Elise; Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Richard, Guy
Les services écosystémiques dans la littérature scientifique : démarche d'exploration et résultats d'analyse : Rapport d'étude pour la phase d'exploration du métaprogramme EcoServ. Technical Report
2014.
@techreport{Tancoigne2014b,
title = {Les services écosystémiques dans la littérature scientifique : démarche d'exploration et résultats d'analyse : Rapport d'étude pour la phase d'exploration du métaprogramme EcoServ. },
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Guy Richard},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01157253/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
pages = {69},
abstract = {En 2005, le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) a permis de reconnaître l’importance des écosystèmes pour le bien-être humain, ainsi que la diminution d’un certain nombre de services fournis à l’homme par ces mêmes écosystèmes au cours des dernières décennies. L’agriculture est considérée comme responsable de la diminution d’un certain nombre de services, ainsi que de la biodiversité, au profit du seul service d’approvisionnement en nourriture (Carpenter et al., 2009). Elle se trouve donc aujourd’hui plus que jamais confrontée à deux impératifs qui mettent en avant sa multifonctionnalité : garantir la fourniture de biens de consommation (nourriture, bois, eau potable...) et de bénéfices sociaux (e.g. emploi) tout en préservant la capacité des écosystèmes à fournir d’autres services (purification de l’eau, régulation du climat, etc.). EcoServ est un méta-programme de recherche en construction à l’Inra afin qu’y soit développée une recherche inter-disciplinaire sur les services fournis par les écosystèmes continentaux dépendants des activités agricoles et forestières. La présente analyse a été engagée dans le cadre de sa construction, afin de connaître la place des systèmes agricoles dans la littérature sur les services écosystémiques. Ce travail de scientométrie a été guidé par quatre questions principales : quelles sont les disciplines scientifiques impliquées dans cette recherche ? Quels sont les services écosystémiques abordés dans la littérature ? Quels sont les écosystèmes étudiés ? Quelle est la place de l’Inra dans ce paysage ? Le corpus est issu de la base de données bibliographique Web of Science. Il a été construit de manière large afin d’inclure les différents synonymes de la notion de « service écosystémique ». Différentes analyses lexicales ont ensuite été réalisées pour la période postérieure au MEA (2006-2012) à l’aide de la plateforme CorTexT manager de l’Ifris et de R (R Core Team, 2012) : extractions lexicales, catégorisations de termes, calculs de fréquences, cartes de cooccurences. Les termes les plus fréquemment utilisés dans les articles de la période 1975- 2012 sont ecosystem service (39 % des documents indexés), puis ecosystem function (29 %), ecological function (14 %) et environmental service (9 %). Le terme ecosystem function dominera jusqu’en 2007 où il sera supplanté par celui de ecosystem service qui connait une progression exponentielle suite à la publication du MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003, 2005). Ce concept est particulièrement mobilisé par l’écologie et la biologie de la conservation, d’où il tire son origine. Les trois références les plus citées de ce corpus se situent en écologie (Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al., 2005). Les sciences agronomiques utilisent plutôt le terme de « services environnementaux », qui met l’accent sur les services rendus par l’homme à l’environnement. La place de l’Institut dans ce corpus étant très faible (1.5 %) malgré les résultats importants obtenus au cours de l’enquête réalisée début 2013 auprès des départements, il est très probable qu’un grand nombre de services soient étudiés à l’Inra sans que les chercheurs se réclament de cette notion. Le service le plus étudié est celui de production agricole. La majorité des services sont étudiés de manière isolée. Lorsqu’ils sont étudiés conjointement, les services concernés sont majoritairement des services qui agissent en synergie. Les services antagonistes sont très peu étudiés conjointement. Par conséquent, lorsque la notion de trade-off apparait dans la littérature, elle est surtout abordée de manière théorique et programmatique. En outre, elle peut concerner différents niveaux et différents objets : il peut s’agir de faire des compromis entre acteurs, ou bien entre désirs et réalité, ou bien encore entre Environnement et Humanité. Si les écosystèmes forestiers et agricoles sont parmi les écosystèmes les plus étudiés, ils le sont principalement dans leur dimension bio-physique, et très peu dans leur dimension sociale. L’idée d’étudier un socio-écosystème dans son ensemble n’est pas encore mise en oeuvre. Les problématiques de gestion des ressources naturelles sont abordées principalement par des méthodologies de l’économie classique : consentement à payer, évaluations contingentes, etc. Elles sont également très liées à un argumentaire en faveur du développement social. Tout ceci amène à penser qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la gestion des services écosystémiques est avant tout d’ordre programmatique. Cette étude met également en évidence la limite du cadre conceptuel du MEA, limite qui a déjà été pointée à de nombreuses reprises dans la littérature. Ses catégories de service sont en effet de portée limitée pour repérer les services dans la littérature et elles ne permettent pas de détecter les dysservices (entendus ici comme des dysfonctionnements des écosystèmes), qui représentent pourtant une part importante de cette littérature. Cette étude possède également des limites importantes dans la mesure où sa source de données est loin d’être exhaustive et où son travail de catégorisation n’a pas permis de lever certaines ambiguïtés thématiques. Il est en effet souvent difficile de déterminer à partir de la liste de termes s’il s’agit d’un service rendu par les écosystèmes ou d’un service rendu par l’homme (ex. : forest protection). Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que ce concept a peu été saisi par les sciences agronomiques, quand bien même de nombreuses études traitent des milieux agricoles ; qu’il est beaucoup abordé de manière programmatique et sans considérer le socio-écosystème dans son ensemble. Un grand nombre de travaux effectués à l’échelle du paysage incluent les agro-écosystèmes mais ne sont pas réalisés par les sciences agronomiques. Celles-ci ont intérêt à se placer sur ces « approches paysage » qui gagnent une place de plus en plus importante. Le développement d’une recherche intégrée sur la gestion des écosystèmes anthropisés prend donc tout son sens dans ce contexte, et un travail de sensibilisation important sera à réaliser à l’Inra pour familiariser les chercheurs avec la notion de « service écosystémique ». },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
En 2005, le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) a permis de reconnaître l’importance des écosystèmes pour le bien-être humain, ainsi que la diminution d’un certain nombre de services fournis à l’homme par ces mêmes écosystèmes au cours des dernières décennies. L’agriculture est considérée comme responsable de la diminution d’un certain nombre de services, ainsi que de la biodiversité, au profit du seul service d’approvisionnement en nourriture (Carpenter et al., 2009). Elle se trouve donc aujourd’hui plus que jamais confrontée à deux impératifs qui mettent en avant sa multifonctionnalité : garantir la fourniture de biens de consommation (nourriture, bois, eau potable...) et de bénéfices sociaux (e.g. emploi) tout en préservant la capacité des écosystèmes à fournir d’autres services (purification de l’eau, régulation du climat, etc.). EcoServ est un méta-programme de recherche en construction à l’Inra afin qu’y soit développée une recherche inter-disciplinaire sur les services fournis par les écosystèmes continentaux dépendants des activités agricoles et forestières. La présente analyse a été engagée dans le cadre de sa construction, afin de connaître la place des systèmes agricoles dans la littérature sur les services écosystémiques. Ce travail de scientométrie a été guidé par quatre questions principales : quelles sont les disciplines scientifiques impliquées dans cette recherche ? Quels sont les services écosystémiques abordés dans la littérature ? Quels sont les écosystèmes étudiés ? Quelle est la place de l’Inra dans ce paysage ? Le corpus est issu de la base de données bibliographique Web of Science. Il a été construit de manière large afin d’inclure les différents synonymes de la notion de « service écosystémique ». Différentes analyses lexicales ont ensuite été réalisées pour la période postérieure au MEA (2006-2012) à l’aide de la plateforme CorTexT manager de l’Ifris et de R (R Core Team, 2012) : extractions lexicales, catégorisations de termes, calculs de fréquences, cartes de cooccurences. Les termes les plus fréquemment utilisés dans les articles de la période 1975- 2012 sont ecosystem service (39 % des documents indexés), puis ecosystem function (29 %), ecological function (14 %) et environmental service (9 %). Le terme ecosystem function dominera jusqu’en 2007 où il sera supplanté par celui de ecosystem service qui connait une progression exponentielle suite à la publication du MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003, 2005). Ce concept est particulièrement mobilisé par l’écologie et la biologie de la conservation, d’où il tire son origine. Les trois références les plus citées de ce corpus se situent en écologie (Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al., 2005). Les sciences agronomiques utilisent plutôt le terme de « services environnementaux », qui met l’accent sur les services rendus par l’homme à l’environnement. La place de l’Institut dans ce corpus étant très faible (1.5 %) malgré les résultats importants obtenus au cours de l’enquête réalisée début 2013 auprès des départements, il est très probable qu’un grand nombre de services soient étudiés à l’Inra sans que les chercheurs se réclament de cette notion. Le service le plus étudié est celui de production agricole. La majorité des services sont étudiés de manière isolée. Lorsqu’ils sont étudiés conjointement, les services concernés sont majoritairement des services qui agissent en synergie. Les services antagonistes sont très peu étudiés conjointement. Par conséquent, lorsque la notion de trade-off apparait dans la littérature, elle est surtout abordée de manière théorique et programmatique. En outre, elle peut concerner différents niveaux et différents objets : il peut s’agir de faire des compromis entre acteurs, ou bien entre désirs et réalité, ou bien encore entre Environnement et Humanité. Si les écosystèmes forestiers et agricoles sont parmi les écosystèmes les plus étudiés, ils le sont principalement dans leur dimension bio-physique, et très peu dans leur dimension sociale. L’idée d’étudier un socio-écosystème dans son ensemble n’est pas encore mise en oeuvre. Les problématiques de gestion des ressources naturelles sont abordées principalement par des méthodologies de l’économie classique : consentement à payer, évaluations contingentes, etc. Elles sont également très liées à un argumentaire en faveur du développement social. Tout ceci amène à penser qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la gestion des services écosystémiques est avant tout d’ordre programmatique. Cette étude met également en évidence la limite du cadre conceptuel du MEA, limite qui a déjà été pointée à de nombreuses reprises dans la littérature. Ses catégories de service sont en effet de portée limitée pour repérer les services dans la littérature et elles ne permettent pas de détecter les dysservices (entendus ici comme des dysfonctionnements des écosystèmes), qui représentent pourtant une part importante de cette littérature. Cette étude possède également des limites importantes dans la mesure où sa source de données est loin d’être exhaustive et où son travail de catégorisation n’a pas permis de lever certaines ambiguïtés thématiques. Il est en effet souvent difficile de déterminer à partir de la liste de termes s’il s’agit d’un service rendu par les écosystèmes ou d’un service rendu par l’homme (ex. : forest protection). Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que ce concept a peu été saisi par les sciences agronomiques, quand bien même de nombreuses études traitent des milieux agricoles ; qu’il est beaucoup abordé de manière programmatique et sans considérer le socio-écosystème dans son ensemble. Un grand nombre de travaux effectués à l’échelle du paysage incluent les agro-écosystèmes mais ne sont pas réalisés par les sciences agronomiques. Celles-ci ont intérêt à se placer sur ces « approches paysage » qui gagnent une place de plus en plus importante. Le développement d’une recherche intégrée sur la gestion des écosystèmes anthropisés prend donc tout son sens dans ce contexte, et un travail de sensibilisation important sera à réaliser à l’Inra pour familiariser les chercheurs avec la notion de « service écosystémique ».
2013
Journal Articles
319.
Chavalarias, David; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Phylomemetic patterns in science evolution - the rise and fall of scientific fields Journal Article
In: PloS one, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. e54847, 2013.
@article{chavalarias2013phylomemetic,
title = {Phylomemetic patterns in science evolution - the rise and fall of scientific fields},
author = {David Chavalarias and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054847},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {e54847},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {We introduce an automated method for the bottom-up reconstruction of the cognitive evolution of science, based on big-data issued from digital libraries, and modeled as lineage relationships between scientific fields. We refer to these dynamic structures as phylomemetic networks or phylomemies, by analogy with biological evolution; and we show that they exhibit strong regularities, with clearly identifiable phylomemetic patterns. Some structural properties of the scientific fields - in particular their density -, which are defined independently of the phylomemy reconstruction, are clearly correlated with their status and their fate in the phylomemy (like their age or their short term survival). Within the framework of a quantitative epistemology, this approach raises the question of predictibility for science evolution, and sketches a prototypical life cycle of the scientific fields: an increase of their cohesion after their emergence, the renewal of their conceptual background through branching or merging events, before decaying when their density is getting too low.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We introduce an automated method for the bottom-up reconstruction of the cognitive evolution of science, based on big-data issued from digital libraries, and modeled as lineage relationships between scientific fields. We refer to these dynamic structures as phylomemetic networks or phylomemies, by analogy with biological evolution; and we show that they exhibit strong regularities, with clearly identifiable phylomemetic patterns. Some structural properties of the scientific fields - in particular their density -, which are defined independently of the phylomemy reconstruction, are clearly correlated with their status and their fate in the phylomemy (like their age or their short term survival). Within the framework of a quantitative epistemology, this approach raises the question of predictibility for science evolution, and sketches a prototypical life cycle of the scientific fields: an increase of their cohesion after their emergence, the renewal of their conceptual background through branching or merging events, before decaying when their density is getting too low.
320.
Keating, Peter; Cambrosio, Alberto; Nelson, Nicole; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Therapy’s shadow: a short history of the study of resistance to cancer chemotherapy Journal Article
In: Frontiers in pharmacology, vol. 4, pp. 58, 2013.
@article{keating2013therapy,
title = {Therapy’s shadow: a short history of the study of resistance to cancer chemotherapy},
author = {Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio and Nicole Nelson and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00058},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {4},
pages = {58},
publisher = {Frontiers},
abstract = {This article traces the history of research on resistance to drug therapy in oncology using scientometric techniques and qualitative analysis. Using co-citation analysis, we generate maps to visualize subdomains in resistance research in two time periods, 1975–1990 and 1995–2010. These maps reveal two historical trends in resistance research: first, a shift in focus from generic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy to a focus on resistance to targeted therapies and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis; and second, a movement away from an almost exclusive reliance on animal and cell models and toward the generation of knowledge about resistance through clinical trial work. A close reading of highly cited articles within each subdomain cluster reveals specific points of transition from one regime to the other, in particular the failure of several promising theories of resistance to be translated into clinical insights and the emergence of interest in resistance to a new generation of targeted agents such as imatinib and trastuzumab. We argue that the study of resistance in the oncology field has thus become more integrated with research into cancer therapy – rather than constituting it as a separate domain of study, as it has done in the past, contemporary research treats resistance as the flip side to treatment, as therapy’s shadow.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article traces the history of research on resistance to drug therapy in oncology using scientometric techniques and qualitative analysis. Using co-citation analysis, we generate maps to visualize subdomains in resistance research in two time periods, 1975–1990 and 1995–2010. These maps reveal two historical trends in resistance research: first, a shift in focus from generic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy to a focus on resistance to targeted therapies and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis; and second, a movement away from an almost exclusive reliance on animal and cell models and toward the generation of knowledge about resistance through clinical trial work. A close reading of highly cited articles within each subdomain cluster reveals specific points of transition from one regime to the other, in particular the failure of several promising theories of resistance to be translated into clinical insights and the emergence of interest in resistance to a new generation of targeted agents such as imatinib and trastuzumab. We argue that the study of resistance in the oncology field has thus become more integrated with research into cancer therapy – rather than constituting it as a separate domain of study, as it has done in the past, contemporary research treats resistance as the flip side to treatment, as therapy’s shadow.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorTexT Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 780 authors to trust CorTexT for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorTexT Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
Browse documents by main topics
| What types of documents? |
|---|
| What types of documents? |
| 165 journal articles |
| 38 conference proceedings |
| 24 online articles |
| 23 reports |
| 21 Ph.D. thesis |
| 19 conference (not in proceedings) |
| 16 book chapters |
| 13 masters thesis |
| 6 workshop |
| 4 book |
| 2 miscellaneous |