2021
Online
281.
Bernard, Alexander; Bartelds, Michiel; Rojas, Cristobal Marin; Moss, Christin; Ucar, Ece
Conspiracy theories in the age of Covid-19. A comparative analysis of France and the UK. Online
Science Po 2021.
@online{Bernard2021,
title = {Conspiracy theories in the age of Covid-19. A comparative analysis of France and the UK.},
author = {Alexander Bernard and Michiel Bartelds and Cristobal Marin Rojas and Christin Moss and Ece Ucar},
url = {https://fonio.medialab.sciences-po.fr/alaris/read/99fd5a0c-42e3-483a-991c-15de519db3db?lang=en},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-01},
organization = {Science Po},
abstract = {Since its beginning, the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the world order. Other than showing the flaws in health care systems worldwide, the crisis also unveiled a number of deeply rooted conspiracy theories that either linked the Covid-19 pandemic to existing conspiratory frames or designed new theories around the pandemic.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Since its beginning, the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the world order. Other than showing the flaws in health care systems worldwide, the crisis also unveiled a number of deeply rooted conspiracy theories that either linked the Covid-19 pandemic to existing conspiratory frames or designed new theories around the pandemic.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.
282.
Bento, Nuno; Fontes, Margarida
Legitimacy and Guidance in Upscaling Energy Technology Innovations Online
SCTE-IUL 2021, visited: 28.02.2021.
@online{Bento2021,
title = {Legitimacy and Guidance in Upscaling Energy Technology Innovations},
author = {Nuno Bento and Margarida Fontes},
url = {https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/21960/4/WP_2021-01.pdf},
doi = {10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.01},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-28},
urldate = {2021-02-28},
organization = {SCTE-IUL},
abstract = {The paper aims to improve the understanding about the role of expectations and key innovation processes, such as legitimation and guidance, in the upscaling of low-carbon innovations. We analyze roadmaps developed for floating offshore wind energy to investigate how actors prepare for system growth. We focus on how roadmaps contribute to the formation and sharing of expectations through their influence on system acceptability (legitimacy) and attractiveness (guidance), enabling access to crucial resources. The analysis reveals that institutional and technological context affect guidance, namely a higher external openness as technology matures and governments are involved. An actors’ survey finds that overpromising reduces roadmaps impact on expectations. Analyses of media coverage and Internet searches show that roadmaps affect public perceptions indirectly, through the promotion of experiments. Implications include new directions for conceptualizing legitimacy, guidance and expectations in technological innovation systems, as well as recommendations for managing key processes in systems’ upscaling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The paper aims to improve the understanding about the role of expectations and key innovation processes, such as legitimation and guidance, in the upscaling of low-carbon innovations. We analyze roadmaps developed for floating offshore wind energy to investigate how actors prepare for system growth. We focus on how roadmaps contribute to the formation and sharing of expectations through their influence on system acceptability (legitimacy) and attractiveness (guidance), enabling access to crucial resources. The analysis reveals that institutional and technological context affect guidance, namely a higher external openness as technology matures and governments are involved. An actors’ survey finds that overpromising reduces roadmaps impact on expectations. Analyses of media coverage and Internet searches show that roadmaps affect public perceptions indirectly, through the promotion of experiments. Implications include new directions for conceptualizing legitimacy, guidance and expectations in technological innovation systems, as well as recommendations for managing key processes in systems’ upscaling.
283.
ten Oever, Niels; Maxigas,; Steffen, Bryan; Maragkou, Eleni; Provendier, Emile; Breuer, Emma; Lombardi, Giovanni; Valentini, Giulio; van der Heide, Jasper; Preuß, Jörn; Boboc, Roxana Varvara; Ashaghimina, Selin; Mignot, Sylvain; Fanzio, Veronica; Moretti, Veronica
Infodemic 5G : How Interpretative Frames are Co-articulated on Social Media? An Instagram versus Parler Case Study Online
(DMI), The Digital Methods Initiative (Ed.): 2021, visited: 28.01.2021.
@online{nokey,
title = {Infodemic 5G : How Interpretative Frames are Co-articulated on Social Media? An Instagram versus Parler Case Study},
author = {Niels ten Oever and Maxigas and Bryan Steffen and Eleni Maragkou and Emile Provendier and Emma Breuer and Giovanni Lombardi and Giulio Valentini and Jasper van der Heide and Jörn Preuß and Roxana Varvara Boboc and Selin Ashaghimina and Sylvain Mignot and Veronica Fanzio and Veronica Moretti},
editor = {The Digital Methods Initiative (DMI)},
url = {https://digitalmethods.net/Dmi/WinterSchool2021Infodemic5G},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-28},
urldate = {2021-01-28},
abstract = {The main takeaways from this project are the differences in how 5G is discussed on mainstream and alternative platforms (Instagram vs. Parler) and the connection to the way 5G is represented by vendors and network operators. The key finding is that the vendors and network operators discuss 5G in vague terms, failing to create a concrete and meaningful imaginary that people can draw from. In this context, users from various platforms associated 5G with several issues, which vary across mainstream and alternative platforms. The main takeaway in this regard is that the discourse on Instagram is much more fragmented and lacks cohesion, leading to several clusters of themes with little to no connections between them. On the other hand, Parler hosts a much more coherent approach, where the discussion is much more concrete and related to politics and corporate figures. The project explores these various critical interpretative frames to gain a sense of how 5G is conceived by various communities versus how it is presented by manufacturers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The main takeaways from this project are the differences in how 5G is discussed on mainstream and alternative platforms (Instagram vs. Parler) and the connection to the way 5G is represented by vendors and network operators. The key finding is that the vendors and network operators discuss 5G in vague terms, failing to create a concrete and meaningful imaginary that people can draw from. In this context, users from various platforms associated 5G with several issues, which vary across mainstream and alternative platforms. The main takeaway in this regard is that the discourse on Instagram is much more fragmented and lacks cohesion, leading to several clusters of themes with little to no connections between them. On the other hand, Parler hosts a much more coherent approach, where the discussion is much more concrete and related to politics and corporate figures. The project explores these various critical interpretative frames to gain a sense of how 5G is conceived by various communities versus how it is presented by manufacturers.
PhD Theses
284.
Poletti, Chiara
Global freedoms and viral harms: The controversy around governance of speech and social media. PhD Thesis
Cardiff University, 2021.
@phdthesis{Poletti2021,
title = {Global freedoms and viral harms: The controversy around governance of speech and social media.},
author = {Chiara Poletti},
url = {https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/145885},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-03},
school = {Cardiff University},
abstract = {In the study I address the controversy surrounding the governance of speech and social media communications. In less than 15 years, the regulation of content on social media platforms has increasingly taken over public discussions all over the globe. Social media’s charming narrative of ‘liberation technology’ and space of free speech, has progressively switched into the frightening character of ‘threat to democracy’ and space of hate speech and fake information. Whichever idea one might be leaning on, the diffusion and entanglement of social media platforms with every aspect of our society has made content regulation on social media a global public issue.
Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the
paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
In the study I address the controversy surrounding the governance of speech and social media communications. In less than 15 years, the regulation of content on social media platforms has increasingly taken over public discussions all over the globe. Social media’s charming narrative of ‘liberation technology’ and space of free speech, has progressively switched into the frightening character of ‘threat to democracy’ and space of hate speech and fake information. Whichever idea one might be leaning on, the diffusion and entanglement of social media platforms with every aspect of our society has made content regulation on social media a global public issue.
Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the
paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.
Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the
paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.
285.
Gourdon, Paul
La coopération entre villes européennes : convergences dans l'action publique urbaine par la circulation transnationale de modèles PhD Thesis
Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2021, (HAL Id : tel-03684225 , version 1).
@phdthesis{Gourdon2021,
title = {La coopération entre villes européennes : convergences dans l'action publique urbaine par la circulation transnationale de modèles},
author = {Paul Gourdon},
url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-03684225
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03684225/file/Gourdon.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-30},
urldate = {2021-11-30},
school = {Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I},
abstract = {Cette thèse examine les relations politiques entre villes européennes depuis 2000. Nous analysons les systèmes de relations formés par les projets de coopération de l’Union Européenne et par les associations transnationales de municipalités, grâce à la construction de deux bases de données. Notre démarche exploratoire fondée sur l’analyse spatiale, l’analyse de réseaux et la statistique textuelle, permet de décrire l’espace européen de coopération, d’étudier les réseaux d’affiliation et d’analyser les modèles urbains qui circulent à travers ces canaux. L’objectif est de repenser le transnational comme processus à travers lequel des politiques locales sont sélectionnées, comparées et érigées en "best practices", renforçant ainsi des normes d’action publique à l’échelle européenne. La coopération entre villes se déploie sur de larges ensembles régionaux et témoigne de niveaux d’internationalisation congruents avec la taille et le statut administratif des villes. Si les plus petites villes sont moins impliquées, leur participation peut s’avérer déterminante pour gagner en visibilité et porter une voix collective. Les politiques locales, telles que médiatisées au sein des réseaux, participent à la circulation de discours sur le pouvoir urbain s’exprimant dans la langue du néolibéralisme. Toutefois, l’étude de la construction de la catégorie des « petites villes » révèle un paysage plus complexe où coexistent la tentation d’entrer dans la compétition interurbaine et des stratégies écologistes et sociales de long terme, contestant alors le tropisme métropolitain des politiques étatiques et de l’UE ainsi que les apories du développement géographique inégal inhérent au capitalisme.},
note = {HAL Id : tel-03684225 , version 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Cette thèse examine les relations politiques entre villes européennes depuis 2000. Nous analysons les systèmes de relations formés par les projets de coopération de l’Union Européenne et par les associations transnationales de municipalités, grâce à la construction de deux bases de données. Notre démarche exploratoire fondée sur l’analyse spatiale, l’analyse de réseaux et la statistique textuelle, permet de décrire l’espace européen de coopération, d’étudier les réseaux d’affiliation et d’analyser les modèles urbains qui circulent à travers ces canaux. L’objectif est de repenser le transnational comme processus à travers lequel des politiques locales sont sélectionnées, comparées et érigées en "best practices", renforçant ainsi des normes d’action publique à l’échelle européenne. La coopération entre villes se déploie sur de larges ensembles régionaux et témoigne de niveaux d’internationalisation congruents avec la taille et le statut administratif des villes. Si les plus petites villes sont moins impliquées, leur participation peut s’avérer déterminante pour gagner en visibilité et porter une voix collective. Les politiques locales, telles que médiatisées au sein des réseaux, participent à la circulation de discours sur le pouvoir urbain s’exprimant dans la langue du néolibéralisme. Toutefois, l’étude de la construction de la catégorie des « petites villes » révèle un paysage plus complexe où coexistent la tentation d’entrer dans la compétition interurbaine et des stratégies écologistes et sociales de long terme, contestant alors le tropisme métropolitain des politiques étatiques et de l’UE ainsi que les apories du développement géographique inégal inhérent au capitalisme.
286.
Blank-Gomel, Rony
Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective PhD Thesis
McGill University, 2021.
@phdthesis{Blank-Gomel2021,
title = {Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective},
author = { Rony Blank-Gomel},
url = {https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/vt150p658},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-19},
address = {Montréal},
school = {McGill University},
abstract = {Traffic accidents generate a heavy burden in deaths, bodily harm and monetary costs, and there are growing concerns regarding the unintended consequences of traffic safety policies. Yet, they are marginal in the sociological literature. Drawing on the sociology of knowledge, I explore the construction and spread of truth claims regarding traffic accidents and traffic safety, focusing on accounts of the risks of cycling and specifically the role of bicycle helmets. I use this case to contribute to several sociological debates.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Traffic accidents generate a heavy burden in deaths, bodily harm and monetary costs, and there are growing concerns regarding the unintended consequences of traffic safety policies. Yet, they are marginal in the sociological literature. Drawing on the sociology of knowledge, I explore the construction and spread of truth claims regarding traffic accidents and traffic safety, focusing on accounts of the risks of cycling and specifically the role of bicycle helmets. I use this case to contribute to several sociological debates.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.
287.
Raimbault, Benjamin
A l’ombre des biotechnologies : reformuler la production de savoirs par la bio-ingénierie en France et aux Etats-Unis PhD Thesis
2021, (HAL Id: tel-03149755).
@phdthesis{Raimbault2021b,
title = {A l’ombre des biotechnologies : reformuler la production de savoirs par la bio-ingénierie en France et aux Etats-Unis},
author = {Benjamin Raimbault},
url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-03149755/file/59130_RAIMBAULT_2018_archivage.pdf
https://theses.hal.science/tel-03149755v1},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-23},
abstract = {Qu’est-ce que la bio-ingénierie ? Assimilée à l’essor des nouvelles manières de manipuler et contrôler le vivant par la modification du génome depuis les années 70-80, la bio-ingénierie est fréquemment identifiée et restreinte aux biotechnologies à ADN. Ingénieriser le vivant est alors synonyme du développement des plantes génétiquement modifiées et des transformations de l’industrie pharmaceutique qui témoignent de l’apparition d’un nouvel agencement entre science, industrie et politique. Au milieu des années 2000, une communauté d’ingénieurs se rassemble autour du terme de « biologie synthétique » avec pour ambition de faire advenir la « vraie » bio-ingénierie. Davantage qu’un nouveau domaine scientifique, cette communauté naissante revendique une véritable utopie technique de modification du vivant sur le modèle de l’électronique et de l’informatique en rupture avec les biotechnologies à ADN et leurs régulations. Cette utopie est néanmoins marginalisée et la biologie synthétique se range alors comme un domaine scientifique stabilisée.La thèse enquête à partir de l’émergence de la biologie synthétique pour interroger les pratiques et les régulations de la bio-ingénierie depuis le milieu des années 80. Suivre la bio-ingénierie permet alors de mettre à jour un régime de production de savoir à l’ombre des biotechnologies à ADN et des récits dominants sur la manière dont le savoir contemporain est produit. L’expression « à l’ombre » renvoie alors aux régulations délaissées, aux applications peu révolutionnaires, aux acteurs puissants et discrets, aux secteurs économiques peu enquêtés, aux programmes peu étudiés pour rendre compte de ce que l’on appelle les biotechnologies et de la production de savoirs contemporaine. },
note = {HAL Id: tel-03149755},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Qu’est-ce que la bio-ingénierie ? Assimilée à l’essor des nouvelles manières de manipuler et contrôler le vivant par la modification du génome depuis les années 70-80, la bio-ingénierie est fréquemment identifiée et restreinte aux biotechnologies à ADN. Ingénieriser le vivant est alors synonyme du développement des plantes génétiquement modifiées et des transformations de l’industrie pharmaceutique qui témoignent de l’apparition d’un nouvel agencement entre science, industrie et politique. Au milieu des années 2000, une communauté d’ingénieurs se rassemble autour du terme de « biologie synthétique » avec pour ambition de faire advenir la « vraie » bio-ingénierie. Davantage qu’un nouveau domaine scientifique, cette communauté naissante revendique une véritable utopie technique de modification du vivant sur le modèle de l’électronique et de l’informatique en rupture avec les biotechnologies à ADN et leurs régulations. Cette utopie est néanmoins marginalisée et la biologie synthétique se range alors comme un domaine scientifique stabilisée.La thèse enquête à partir de l’émergence de la biologie synthétique pour interroger les pratiques et les régulations de la bio-ingénierie depuis le milieu des années 80. Suivre la bio-ingénierie permet alors de mettre à jour un régime de production de savoir à l’ombre des biotechnologies à ADN et des récits dominants sur la manière dont le savoir contemporain est produit. L’expression « à l’ombre » renvoie alors aux régulations délaissées, aux applications peu révolutionnaires, aux acteurs puissants et discrets, aux secteurs économiques peu enquêtés, aux programmes peu étudiés pour rendre compte de ce que l’on appelle les biotechnologies et de la production de savoirs contemporaine.
Technical Reports
288.
van der Pol, Johannes; Rameshkoumar, Jean Paul; Dhuit, Ines
L’Impact du financement de la recherche : La 5G Technical Report
2021, (hal-03523279).
@techreport{vanderPol2021,
title = {L’Impact du financement de la recherche : La 5G},
author = {Johannes van der Pol and Jean Paul Rameshkoumar and Ines Dhuit},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03523279v1},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-22},
abstract = {L’objectif de ce rapport est d’analyser l’impact du financement de la recherche dans le domaine de la 5G. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous commençons par identifier les sources de financements des acteurs français à partir des communications scientifiques. Par une étude comparative des communications financées et non-financées nous analysons l’impact des financements sur l’excellence de la recherche, sur les écosystèmes et sur les thématiques traitées.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.},
note = {hal-03523279},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’objectif de ce rapport est d’analyser l’impact du financement de la recherche dans le domaine de la 5G. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous commençons par identifier les sources de financements des acteurs français à partir des communications scientifiques. Par une étude comparative des communications financées et non-financées nous analysons l’impact des financements sur l’excellence de la recherche, sur les écosystèmes et sur les thématiques traitées.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.
289.
Comité d’experts, ANSES
Exposition aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie "5G" Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{d’expertsd’experts2021,
title = {Exposition aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie "5G"},
author = {Comité d’experts, ANSES},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/AP2019SA0006RA-2.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-09},
abstract = {L’Anses a été saisie le 9 janvier 2019 par les ministères en charge de la santé, de l’environnement et de l’économie pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : « Exposition de la population aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie de communication « 5G » et effets sanitaires associés ».},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’Anses a été saisie le 9 janvier 2019 par les ministères en charge de la santé, de l’environnement et de l’économie pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : « Exposition de la population aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie de communication « 5G » et effets sanitaires associés ».
290.
Dashkina, Regina; Barbier, Marc; Richard, Guy; Bethinger, Audrey; Caillaud, Marc Antoine; Donnars, Catherine; Girard, Agnès; Girard, Kim; Mouël, Chantal Le; Perchec, Sophie Le; Leenhardt, Sophie; Lelievre, Virginie; Leiser, Hugues; Mora, Olivier; Raulet, Mégane; Réchauchère, Olivier; Savini, Isabelle; Tibi, Anaïs
Analyse des 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective réalisées par l’Inra de 2000 à 2020. Résumé du volume 1: analyse textuelle des résumés, INRAE (France): 20 ans d’expertise scientifique collective, de prospective et d’étude à l ’INRA. Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Dashkina2021,
title = {Analyse des 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective réalisées par l’Inra de 2000 à 2020. Résumé du volume 1: analyse textuelle des résumés, INRAE (France): 20 ans d’expertise scientifique collective, de prospective et d’étude à l ’INRA.},
author = {Regina Dashkina and Marc Barbier and Guy Richard and Audrey Bethinger and Marc Antoine Caillaud and Catherine Donnars and Agnès Girard and Kim Girard and Chantal Le Mouël and Sophie Le Perchec and Sophie Leenhardt and Virginie Lelievre and Hugues Leiser and Olivier Mora and Mégane Raulet and Olivier Réchauchère and Isabelle Savini and Anaïs Tibi},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03250597},
doi = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03250597},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-25},
urldate = {2021-06-25},
abstract = {Depuis le début des années 2000, l’Inra, devenu INRAE le 1er janvier 2020, a conduit 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective sur des thématiques relevant de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de l’environnement. C’est une activité très importante pour l’institut, inscrite dans les missions d’un Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique et Technique (EPST), à une période où l’expertise scientifique est à la fois fortement sollicitée et controversée au sein de la société. En revenant sur les productions issues de cette activité d’expertise au sens large, il est possible d’analyser les contenus thématiques déployés sur une vingtaine d’années pour caractériser et s’interroger sur la nature des questions et des sujets confiés à l’Inra en vue d’éclairer la décision publique et les débats publics dans leur ensemble. Pour conduire une telle analyse réflexive, nous avons mobilisé des outils et des compétences venant des « data sciences », plus particulièrement le logiciel d’analyse textuelle Iramuteq1 et les outils en ligne de la plateforme CorTexT2. La mise en œuvre de ces instruments a été accompagnée par une Master Class à destination des agents de la Direction de l’Expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études (DEPE) d’INRAE de façon à développer les compétences individuelles et collectives en analyse textuelle et à mobiliser les savoir-faire dans la constitution des corpus analysés. La synthèse ci-après présente les résultats d’une partie des analyses réalisées sur le corpus constitué des résumés (d’une dizaine de pages) des trois types d’opérations conduites depuis 2000 : 17 expertises scientifiques collectives, 11 études et 16 prospectives. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Depuis le début des années 2000, l’Inra, devenu INRAE le 1er janvier 2020, a conduit 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective sur des thématiques relevant de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de l’environnement. C’est une activité très importante pour l’institut, inscrite dans les missions d’un Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique et Technique (EPST), à une période où l’expertise scientifique est à la fois fortement sollicitée et controversée au sein de la société. En revenant sur les productions issues de cette activité d’expertise au sens large, il est possible d’analyser les contenus thématiques déployés sur une vingtaine d’années pour caractériser et s’interroger sur la nature des questions et des sujets confiés à l’Inra en vue d’éclairer la décision publique et les débats publics dans leur ensemble. Pour conduire une telle analyse réflexive, nous avons mobilisé des outils et des compétences venant des « data sciences », plus particulièrement le logiciel d’analyse textuelle Iramuteq1 et les outils en ligne de la plateforme CorTexT2. La mise en œuvre de ces instruments a été accompagnée par une Master Class à destination des agents de la Direction de l’Expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études (DEPE) d’INRAE de façon à développer les compétences individuelles et collectives en analyse textuelle et à mobiliser les savoir-faire dans la constitution des corpus analysés. La synthèse ci-après présente les résultats d’une partie des analyses réalisées sur le corpus constitué des résumés (d’une dizaine de pages) des trois types d’opérations conduites depuis 2000 : 17 expertises scientifiques collectives, 11 études et 16 prospectives.
291.
Toffolini, Quentin
Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ». Technical Report
INRAE UMR Agronomie 2021.
@techreport{Toffolini2021,
title = { Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ».},
author = {Quentin Toffolini},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527/file/2021-05-11-analyse-semantique-IO-rapport-diff.pdf},
doi = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-16},
institution = {INRAE UMR Agronomie},
abstract = {Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation) },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
292.
Versini, Pierre-Antoine; Al-Sayah, Mario; Schertzer, Daniel
Action A1 - Analyse des freins et leviers à la mise en œuvre de SafN Inventaire des formations initiales et continues Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Versini2021,
title = {Action A1 - Analyse des freins et leviers à la mise en œuvre de SafN Inventaire des formations initiales et continues},
author = {Pierre-Antoine Versini and Mario Al-Sayah and Daniel Schertzer},
url = {https://ofb.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/Fichiers/Doc%20technique/Livrable_A1-ENPC_VF2.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-01},
urldate = {2021-05-01},
abstract = {Le présent livrable s’intéresse à l’inventaire des formations initiales et continues existantes en lien avec les Solutions d’adaptation fondées sur la Nature (SafN). Réalisé dans le cadre de l’Action A1 du projet ARTISAN, il vise à : (i) analyser comment les SafN sont introduites dans ces formations (quelle(s) SafN, à travers quelle(s) thématique(s)...), (ii) dresser une cartographie de l’offre actuelle de formations en fonction de leurs spécificités, et (iii) lister des manques à combler et des pistes de réflexion qui seront valoriser dans l’Action C4 dédiée au développement de formations. Les conclusions principales de ces travaux sont synthétisées ci-dessous.
Une méta-analyse des contenus des Masters a été réalisée à l’aide de l’outil de text-mining CorText (https://www.cortext.net/about-us/). CorText est une plateforme de développement méthodologique, d’ingénierie logicielle et d’appui à l’analyse de corpus textuels. Elle permet de traiter, caractériser, analyser et quantifier des données textuelles peu ou pas calibrées. Cet outil a été utilisé ici pour analyser en profondeur les contenus des présentations de Masters (données textuelles peu structurées) qui correspondent à des documents hétérogènes, contenant pourtant des informations similaires. Il permet de transformer un texte brut en tableaux lexicaux ou des tableaux de contingence qui facilitent ensuite une analyse globale de l’ensemble. Cette méta-analyse s’est focalisée sur les informations contenues dans les catégories « Objectifs », « Compétences » et « Enseignements » des Masters pour en dresser et caractériser leur écosystème. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur l’ensemble des Masters (210) à connotation environnementale dont les responsables ont été sollicités. Deux sous-groupes (corpus) ont ensuite été identifiés : l’un contenant tous les Masters sélectionnés dans l’inventaire (catégories « inventaire », « 1er cercle » et « référence ») et ayant un lien plus ou moins fort avec les SafN (Groupe « SafN »), l’autre contenant tous les autres Masters (Groupe « Non-SafN »).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Le présent livrable s’intéresse à l’inventaire des formations initiales et continues existantes en lien avec les Solutions d’adaptation fondées sur la Nature (SafN). Réalisé dans le cadre de l’Action A1 du projet ARTISAN, il vise à : (i) analyser comment les SafN sont introduites dans ces formations (quelle(s) SafN, à travers quelle(s) thématique(s)...), (ii) dresser une cartographie de l’offre actuelle de formations en fonction de leurs spécificités, et (iii) lister des manques à combler et des pistes de réflexion qui seront valoriser dans l’Action C4 dédiée au développement de formations. Les conclusions principales de ces travaux sont synthétisées ci-dessous.
Une méta-analyse des contenus des Masters a été réalisée à l’aide de l’outil de text-mining CorText (https://www.cortext.net/about-us/). CorText est une plateforme de développement méthodologique, d’ingénierie logicielle et d’appui à l’analyse de corpus textuels. Elle permet de traiter, caractériser, analyser et quantifier des données textuelles peu ou pas calibrées. Cet outil a été utilisé ici pour analyser en profondeur les contenus des présentations de Masters (données textuelles peu structurées) qui correspondent à des documents hétérogènes, contenant pourtant des informations similaires. Il permet de transformer un texte brut en tableaux lexicaux ou des tableaux de contingence qui facilitent ensuite une analyse globale de l’ensemble. Cette méta-analyse s’est focalisée sur les informations contenues dans les catégories « Objectifs », « Compétences » et « Enseignements » des Masters pour en dresser et caractériser leur écosystème. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur l’ensemble des Masters (210) à connotation environnementale dont les responsables ont été sollicités. Deux sous-groupes (corpus) ont ensuite été identifiés : l’un contenant tous les Masters sélectionnés dans l’inventaire (catégories « inventaire », « 1er cercle » et « référence ») et ayant un lien plus ou moins fort avec les SafN (Groupe « SafN »), l’autre contenant tous les autres Masters (Groupe « Non-SafN »).
Une méta-analyse des contenus des Masters a été réalisée à l’aide de l’outil de text-mining CorText (https://www.cortext.net/about-us/). CorText est une plateforme de développement méthodologique, d’ingénierie logicielle et d’appui à l’analyse de corpus textuels. Elle permet de traiter, caractériser, analyser et quantifier des données textuelles peu ou pas calibrées. Cet outil a été utilisé ici pour analyser en profondeur les contenus des présentations de Masters (données textuelles peu structurées) qui correspondent à des documents hétérogènes, contenant pourtant des informations similaires. Il permet de transformer un texte brut en tableaux lexicaux ou des tableaux de contingence qui facilitent ensuite une analyse globale de l’ensemble. Cette méta-analyse s’est focalisée sur les informations contenues dans les catégories « Objectifs », « Compétences » et « Enseignements » des Masters pour en dresser et caractériser leur écosystème. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur l’ensemble des Masters (210) à connotation environnementale dont les responsables ont été sollicités. Deux sous-groupes (corpus) ont ensuite été identifiés : l’un contenant tous les Masters sélectionnés dans l’inventaire (catégories « inventaire », « 1er cercle » et « référence ») et ayant un lien plus ou moins fort avec les SafN (Groupe « SafN »), l’autre contenant tous les autres Masters (Groupe « Non-SafN »).
293.
Demortain, David
La couverture médiatique du problème de la 5G en France - Une analyse quantitative Technical Report
2021, (ANSES - n° 2017-CRD-11).
@techreport{Demortain2021b,
title = {La couverture médiatique du problème de la 5G en France - Une analyse quantitative},
author = {David Demortain},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/content/la-couverture-m%C3%A9diatique-du-probl%C3%A8me-de-la-5g-en-france-une-analyse-quantitative
https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/LISIS2021-Demortain-2021-La-couverture-mediatique-du-pb-5G.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-19},
urldate = {2021-04-19},
abstract = {Cette note d’analyse porte sur la couverture médiatique de la controverse de la 5G en France en 2019 et 2020. La 5G est l’objet de ce qu’on peut appeler une controverse sociotechnique, c’est-à-dire une situation de désaccord public, engageant des acteurs hétérogènes – associations, groupes d’intérêts, médias, diverses institutions, experts... — sur les qualités d’une technologie et sa régulation. Une controverse implique des expressions et prises de position publiques multiples, publiques, à travers des médias professionnels hors ligne et en ligne, ou les réseaux sociaux. Il est possible de collecter les traces de ces expressions, pour en produire une analyse à plus grande échelle, apte à cartographier l’espace des positions, et leur évolution dans le temps. C’est ce qui est engagé ici.},
note = {ANSES - n° 2017-CRD-11},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Cette note d’analyse porte sur la couverture médiatique de la controverse de la 5G en France en 2019 et 2020. La 5G est l’objet de ce qu’on peut appeler une controverse sociotechnique, c’est-à-dire une situation de désaccord public, engageant des acteurs hétérogènes – associations, groupes d’intérêts, médias, diverses institutions, experts... — sur les qualités d’une technologie et sa régulation. Une controverse implique des expressions et prises de position publiques multiples, publiques, à travers des médias professionnels hors ligne et en ligne, ou les réseaux sociaux. Il est possible de collecter les traces de ces expressions, pour en produire une analyse à plus grande échelle, apte à cartographier l’espace des positions, et leur évolution dans le temps. C’est ce qui est engagé ici.
294.
Demortain, David; Féron, Aurélien; Barbier, Marc
La littérature scientifique sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires. Une analyse scientométrique. Technical Report
ANSES 2021.
@techreport{Demortain2021,
title = {La littérature scientifique sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires. Une analyse scientométrique.},
author = {David Demortain and Aurélien Féron and Marc Barbier},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/RapportFinal-CRD_Radiofrequences_ANSES-LISIS-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-09},
institution = {ANSES},
abstract = {Le sujet des radiofréquences et de la santé est un sujet qui a été examiné à différentes reprises ces vingt dernières années, que soit par l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire et du Travail, ou l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES). Les différents rapports d’expertise produit sont concerné les effets sanitaires des radiofréquences (2009, 2013), les débits d’absorption spécifiques (2019), l’exposition des enfants aux radiofréquences (2016), les compteurs communicants(2017), l’électro-hypersensibilité(2018). Chacun des rapports a mobilisé des spécialités scientifiques diverses, de la dosimétrie à la biologie des radiations, en passant par la bio-électromagnétique et l’épidémiologie.Si l’on représente les aires bibliographiques plus ou moins larges que représente chaque rapport, on obtient l’image d’un champ de recherche particulièrement vaste et composite. Les rapports ont utilisé un ensemble de références communes, qui incarnent le cœur ou les cœurs du sujet.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Le sujet des radiofréquences et de la santé est un sujet qui a été examiné à différentes reprises ces vingt dernières années, que soit par l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire et du Travail, ou l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES). Les différents rapports d’expertise produit sont concerné les effets sanitaires des radiofréquences (2009, 2013), les débits d’absorption spécifiques (2019), l’exposition des enfants aux radiofréquences (2016), les compteurs communicants(2017), l’électro-hypersensibilité(2018). Chacun des rapports a mobilisé des spécialités scientifiques diverses, de la dosimétrie à la biologie des radiations, en passant par la bio-électromagnétique et l’épidémiologie.Si l’on représente les aires bibliographiques plus ou moins larges que représente chaque rapport, on obtient l’image d’un champ de recherche particulièrement vaste et composite. Les rapports ont utilisé un ensemble de références communes, qui incarnent le cœur ou les cœurs du sujet.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.
295.
Snapp, Sieglinde; Kebede, Yodit; Wollenberg, Lini; Dittmer, Kyle M.; Brickman, Sarah; Egler, Cecelia; Shelton, Sadie
Agroecology & climate change rapid evidence review: Performance of agroecological approaches in low- and middle- income countries. Technical Report
CGIAR 2021.
@techreport{SNAPP2021,
title = {Agroecology & climate change rapid evidence review: Performance of agroecological approaches in low- and middle- income countries. },
author = {Sieglinde Snapp and Yodit Kebede and Lini Wollenberg and Kyle M. Dittmer and Sarah Brickman and Cecelia Egler and Sadie Shelton},
editor = {Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)},
url = {https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/113487/CCAFS%20FCDO%20AE%20Review%202021.pdf?sequence=5},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-01},
urldate = {2021-04-01},
institution = {CGIAR},
abstract = {The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change adaptation was farm diversification (strong evidence and high agreement ). This included positive impacts of diversification on pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility. The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change mitigation was tropical agroforestry, which had associated sequestration of carbon in biomass and soil. In general, agroecology impacts on climate change mitigation were primarily substantial carbon sequestration benefits (medium evidence, high agreement). There was also evidence – primarily from the Global North – that mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is often associated with organic farming and ecological management of nutrients (medium evidence, medium agreement). However, a large data gap was found for agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, with almost no evidence from the Global South. There were also evidence gaps for agroecology approaches involving livestock integration, landscape-scale redesign and for multi-scalar analysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change adaptation was farm diversification (strong evidence and high agreement ). This included positive impacts of diversification on pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility. The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change mitigation was tropical agroforestry, which had associated sequestration of carbon in biomass and soil. In general, agroecology impacts on climate change mitigation were primarily substantial carbon sequestration benefits (medium evidence, high agreement). There was also evidence – primarily from the Global North – that mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is often associated with organic farming and ecological management of nutrients (medium evidence, medium agreement). However, a large data gap was found for agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, with almost no evidence from the Global South. There were also evidence gaps for agroecology approaches involving livestock integration, landscape-scale redesign and for multi-scalar analysis.
296.
Comité d’experts, ANSES
Expositions aux champs électromagnétiques liées au déploiement de la technologie de communication «5G» et effets sanitaires éventuels associés Technical Report
ANSES Maisons-Alfort, no. 2019-SA-0006, 2021, (Rapport d’expertise collective - Saisine n° 2019-SA-0006).
@techreport{ANSES2021,
title = {Expositions aux champs électromagnétiques liées au déploiement de la technologie de communication «5G» et effets sanitaires éventuels associés},
author = {Comité d’experts, ANSES},
url = {https://www.actu-environnement.com/media/pdf/news-37400-rapport-5G-anses.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-31},
urldate = {2021-03-31},
number = {2019-SA-0006},
address = {Maisons-Alfort},
institution = {ANSES},
abstract = {La 5G est la norme technique de téléphonie mobile de 5e génération et, à ce titre, elle succède à la 4G et peut être utilisée en complément de la 2G, de la 3G et de la 4G. Les principales caractéristiques de cette technologie ont été décrites dans le rapport préliminaire publié par l’Anses en janvier 2020 (Anses, 2020). La norme 5G est plus particulièrement ouverte et flexible, tant au niveau de la configuration que des usages (téléphonie mobile à haut débit, Internet des objets, conduite automatique, télémédecine, etc.). La 5G peut être déployée de plusieurs manières différentes, relatives aux bandes de fréquences et à son infrastructure (mode «stand alone» et «non stand alone»). Le «refarming», par exemple, consiste à utiliser, pour la 5G, une bande de fréquences allouée à la 4G. Cette réallocation permet donc d’émettre de la 5G avec des antennes conventionnelles.Le partage dynamique du spectre fréquentiel -Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)-, quant à lui, permet d’émettre simultanément de la 4G et de la 5G dans une même bande de fréquences.L’agrégation de porteuses consiste à utiliser, de manière adaptative et dynamique, plusieurs bandes de fréquences, ce qui permet d’accroître le débit en fonction des bandes disponibles.},
note = {Rapport d’expertise collective - Saisine n° 2019-SA-0006},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
La 5G est la norme technique de téléphonie mobile de 5e génération et, à ce titre, elle succède à la 4G et peut être utilisée en complément de la 2G, de la 3G et de la 4G. Les principales caractéristiques de cette technologie ont été décrites dans le rapport préliminaire publié par l’Anses en janvier 2020 (Anses, 2020). La norme 5G est plus particulièrement ouverte et flexible, tant au niveau de la configuration que des usages (téléphonie mobile à haut débit, Internet des objets, conduite automatique, télémédecine, etc.). La 5G peut être déployée de plusieurs manières différentes, relatives aux bandes de fréquences et à son infrastructure (mode «stand alone» et «non stand alone»). Le «refarming», par exemple, consiste à utiliser, pour la 5G, une bande de fréquences allouée à la 4G. Cette réallocation permet donc d’émettre de la 5G avec des antennes conventionnelles.Le partage dynamique du spectre fréquentiel -Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)-, quant à lui, permet d’émettre simultanément de la 4G et de la 5G dans une même bande de fréquences.L’agrégation de porteuses consiste à utiliser, de manière adaptative et dynamique, plusieurs bandes de fréquences, ce qui permet d’accroître le débit en fonction des bandes disponibles.
297.
Loconto, Allison; Garrido-Garza, Francisco
Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Loconto2021,
title = {Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers},
author = {Allison Loconto and Francisco Garrido-Garza},
url = {https://www.cortext.net/wp-content/uploads/agrikulti_final-report_25-01-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-25},
abstract = {Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
Workshops
298.
Barbier, Marc; Villard, Lionel
ANF TDM 2021 : Exploration documentaire et extraction d'information Workshop
2021.
@workshop{Barbier2021b,
title = {ANF TDM 2021 : Exploration documentaire et extraction d'information},
author = {Marc Barbier and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://anf-tdm-2021.sciencesconf.org/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-16},
urldate = {2021-11-16},
abstract = {Chaque année, le monde de la recherche accélère et développe sa production scientifique. L’apport massif de données et de publications, associé à la multiplication des canaux de diffusion, complexifie l'exploration de la littérature scientifique.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Chaque année, le monde de la recherche accélère et développe sa production scientifique. L’apport massif de données et de publications, associé à la multiplication des canaux de diffusion, complexifie l'exploration de la littérature scientifique.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.
299.
Laurens, Patricia; Villard, Lionel; Schoen, Antoine; Laredo, Philippe
RISIS Online Training on Thematic and spatial analysis of technologies using Cortext and RISIS patent database Workshop
Université Gustave Eiffel 2021.
@workshop{Laurens2021,
title = {RISIS Online Training on Thematic and spatial analysis of technologies using Cortext and RISIS patent database},
author = {Patricia Laurens and Lionel Villard and Antoine Schoen and Philippe Laredo},
url = {https://www.risis2.eu/event/risis-online-training-on-thematic-and-spatial-analysis-of-technologies-using-cortext-and-risis-patent-database/
https://docs.cortext.net/training-materials/english-thematic-and-spatial-analysis-of-technologies-using-cortext-and-risis-patent-database/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-08},
urldate = {2021-11-08},
organization = {Université Gustave Eiffel},
abstract = {This workshop aims at providing methodological and practical skills to analyse patent documents. It relies on the facilities available at UGE in Paris, the RISIS Patent Database and the Cortext tool. The workshop will be centred on two dimensions of the technology analyses using patents: network analysis and geography.
Participants will first investigate technology dynamics through network analysis of cooccurrences of patent classes (co-classification) and cooccurrences of terms (resulting from automatic lexical treatment) appearing in patent titles and abstracts. Second, participants will explore the spatial dimension of technology development analysing inventor locations as they appear in patent documents. Addresses will be geo-coded and allocated to different geographical units: country, regions and metropolitan areas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
This workshop aims at providing methodological and practical skills to analyse patent documents. It relies on the facilities available at UGE in Paris, the RISIS Patent Database and the Cortext tool. The workshop will be centred on two dimensions of the technology analyses using patents: network analysis and geography.
Participants will first investigate technology dynamics through network analysis of cooccurrences of patent classes (co-classification) and cooccurrences of terms (resulting from automatic lexical treatment) appearing in patent titles and abstracts. Second, participants will explore the spatial dimension of technology development analysing inventor locations as they appear in patent documents. Addresses will be geo-coded and allocated to different geographical units: country, regions and metropolitan areas.
Participants will first investigate technology dynamics through network analysis of cooccurrences of patent classes (co-classification) and cooccurrences of terms (resulting from automatic lexical treatment) appearing in patent titles and abstracts. Second, participants will explore the spatial dimension of technology development analysing inventor locations as they appear in patent documents. Addresses will be geo-coded and allocated to different geographical units: country, regions and metropolitan areas.
300.
Fabo, Pablo Ruiz
Séance d’initiation à l’analyse de réseaux Workshop
2021.
@workshop{Fabo2021,
title = {Séance d’initiation à l’analyse de réseaux},
author = {Pablo Ruiz Fabo},
url = {https://e-diffusion.uha.fr/video/4048-j5-pablo-ruiz-fabo-seance-dinitiation-a-lanalyse-de-reseaux/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-28},
abstract = {Les réseaux constituent une structure pratique pour représenter des données relationnelles de façon à donner un aperçu de groupes et interactions. Dans l’atelier nous regarderons quelques caractéristiques des réseaux ainsi que des outils qui permettent de les tracer et analyser, comme Cytoscape ou Gephi. Une application des réseaux à l’analyse textuelle avec l’outil CorText Manager sera également montrée.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Les réseaux constituent une structure pratique pour représenter des données relationnelles de façon à donner un aperçu de groupes et interactions. Dans l’atelier nous regarderons quelques caractéristiques des réseaux ainsi que des outils qui permettent de les tracer et analyser, comme Cytoscape ou Gephi. Une application des réseaux à l’analyse textuelle avec l’outil CorText Manager sera également montrée.
2020
Journal Articles
301.
Jensen, Torben E.
Exploring the Trading Zones of Digital STS Journal Article
In: STS Encounters - DASTS working paper series, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020.
@article{Jensen2020,
title = {Exploring the Trading Zones of Digital STS},
author = {Torben E. Jensen},
url = {https://www.dasts.dk/wp-content/uploads/4_Trading_FV_1.pdf},
doi = {10.7146/stse.v11i1.135276},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-31},
urldate = {2020-12-31},
journal = {STS Encounters - DASTS working paper series},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
abstract = {In the last couple of decades, one of the significant developments in digital STS is the rapidly growing use of digital methods and tools for data harvesting, analysis and visualization. The increasing availability and deployment of digital tools raise questions about how to develop an analytic practice that reconciles the theoretical sensibilities of STS with tools and data that may be associated with different sets of assumptions and affordances. The article explores these challenges by reporting on two related digital STS projects that were carried out at the Techno-Anthropology Lab in Copenhagen. Drawing on science historian Peter Galison{textquoteright}s notion of trading zones, the article analyzes how project participants from different communities of practice exchanged and combined tools, theories and projects in a variety of ways. The article identifies two particular trading strategies, and in the final discussion, it reflects on what these strategies might indicate about the future development of digital STS.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the last couple of decades, one of the significant developments in digital STS is the rapidly growing use of digital methods and tools for data harvesting, analysis and visualization. The increasing availability and deployment of digital tools raise questions about how to develop an analytic practice that reconciles the theoretical sensibilities of STS with tools and data that may be associated with different sets of assumptions and affordances. The article explores these challenges by reporting on two related digital STS projects that were carried out at the Techno-Anthropology Lab in Copenhagen. Drawing on science historian Peter Galison{textquoteright}s notion of trading zones, the article analyzes how project participants from different communities of practice exchanged and combined tools, theories and projects in a variety of ways. The article identifies two particular trading strategies, and in the final discussion, it reflects on what these strategies might indicate about the future development of digital STS.
302.
Rikap, Cecilia; Flacher, David
Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model Journal Article
In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol. 55, pp. 59-73, 2020.
@article{Rikap2020b,
title = {Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model},
author = {Cecilia Rikap and David Flacher},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.06.004},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
urldate = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Structural Change and Economic Dynamics},
volume = {55},
pages = {59-73},
abstract = {While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.
303.
Ubando, Aristotle T.; Rosario, Aaron Jules R. Del; Chen, Wei-Hsin; Culaba, Alvin B.
A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, 2020.
@article{Ubando2020b,
title = {A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery},
author = {Aristotle T. Ubando and Aaron Jules R. Del Rosario and Wei-Hsin Chen and Alvin B. Culaba},
url = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.inshs.bib.cnrs.fr/science/article/pii/S026974912036838X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116149},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-20},
urldate = {2020-11-20},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
abstract = {Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the gen- eration of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the gen- eration of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.
304.
Bai, Yang; Li, Hongxiu; Liu, Yong
Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E‐learning field: 1999–2018 Journal Article
In: Scientometrics, 2020.
@article{Bai2020,
title = {Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E‐learning field: 1999–2018},
author = {Yang Bai and Hongxiu Li and Yong Liu},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-19},
urldate = {2020-11-19},
journal = {Scientometrics},
abstract = {This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of major research themes and trends in e-learning research. A co-word analysis is applied for the analysis of the 21,656 keywords collected from 7214 articles published in 10 journals in the field of e-learning from the years 1999 to 2018. Specifically, a cluster analysis, social network analysis, strategic diagram, and graph theory were applied in the analysis for two time periods: 1999–2008 and 2009–2018. The study detects the bridging, popular, and core topics in e-learning research for the two periods. The research results indicate that e-learning research has undergone a health evolution over the past two decades. There is a temporal continuity of e-learning research because some research topics have kept their continuity over the studied 20 years. Meanwhile, the research traditions in the e-learning field are also continuously evolving with the development of new technologies. The results also offer useful hints on the future direction of how the field may evolve.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of major research themes and trends in e-learning research. A co-word analysis is applied for the analysis of the 21,656 keywords collected from 7214 articles published in 10 journals in the field of e-learning from the years 1999 to 2018. Specifically, a cluster analysis, social network analysis, strategic diagram, and graph theory were applied in the analysis for two time periods: 1999–2008 and 2009–2018. The study detects the bridging, popular, and core topics in e-learning research for the two periods. The research results indicate that e-learning research has undergone a health evolution over the past two decades. There is a temporal continuity of e-learning research because some research topics have kept their continuity over the studied 20 years. Meanwhile, the research traditions in the e-learning field are also continuously evolving with the development of new technologies. The results also offer useful hints on the future direction of how the field may evolve.
305.
Gauld, Christophe; Franchi, Jean-Arthur M.
Analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique du concept de psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision Journal Article
In: L'Encéphale, 2020, ISSN: 0013-7006.
@article{Gaulda2020,
title = {Analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique du concept de psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision},
author = {Christophe Gauld and Jean-Arthur M. Franchi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013700620302360},
doi = { https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.008},
issn = {0013-7006},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-12},
urldate = {2020-11-12},
journal = {L'Encéphale},
abstract = {Objectifs. – La médecine personnalisée et de précision nécessite une clarification des concepts qui y sont rattachés. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’exploration systématique de la littérature portant sur les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision et sur leurs usages dans les domaines neuroscientifiques et génétiques. Cet article propose donc d’explorer les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectifs. – La médecine personnalisée et de précision nécessite une clarification des concepts qui y sont rattachés. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’exploration systématique de la littérature portant sur les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision et sur leurs usages dans les domaines neuroscientifiques et génétiques. Cet article propose donc d’explorer les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.
306.
Stefanija, Ana Pop; Pierson, Jo
Practical AI Transparency: Revealing Datafication and Algorithmic Identities Journal Article
In: Journal of Digital Social Research, vol. 2, no. 3, 2020.
@article{Stefanija2020,
title = {Practical AI Transparency: Revealing Datafication and Algorithmic Identities},
author = {Ana Pop Stefanija and Jo Pierson},
url = {https://www.jdsr.io/articles/2020/11/8/practical-ai-transparency-revealing-datafication-and-algorithmic-identities},
doi = {10.33621/jdsr.v2i3.32},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-09},
urldate = {2020-11-09},
journal = {Journal of Digital Social Research},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
abstract = {How does one do research on algorithms and their outputs when confronted with the inherent algorithmic opacity and black box-ness as well as with the limitations of API-based research and the data access gaps imposed by platforms’ gate-keeping practices? This article outlines the methodological steps we undertook to manoeuvre around the above-mentioned obstacles. It is a “byproduct” of our investigation into datafication and the way how algorithmic identities are being produced for personalisation, ad delivery and recommendation. Following Paßmann and Boersma’s (2017) suggestion for pursuing “practical transparency” and focusing on particular actors, we experiment with different avenues of research. We develop and employ an approach of letting the platforms speak and making the platforms speak. In doing so, we also use non-traditional research tools, such as transparency and regulatory tools, and repurpose them as objects of/for study. Empirically testing the applicability of this integrated approach, we elaborate on the possibilities it offers for the study of algorithmic systems, while being aware and cognizant of its limitations and shortcomings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
How does one do research on algorithms and their outputs when confronted with the inherent algorithmic opacity and black box-ness as well as with the limitations of API-based research and the data access gaps imposed by platforms’ gate-keeping practices? This article outlines the methodological steps we undertook to manoeuvre around the above-mentioned obstacles. It is a “byproduct” of our investigation into datafication and the way how algorithmic identities are being produced for personalisation, ad delivery and recommendation. Following Paßmann and Boersma’s (2017) suggestion for pursuing “practical transparency” and focusing on particular actors, we experiment with different avenues of research. We develop and employ an approach of letting the platforms speak and making the platforms speak. In doing so, we also use non-traditional research tools, such as transparency and regulatory tools, and repurpose them as objects of/for study. Empirically testing the applicability of this integrated approach, we elaborate on the possibilities it offers for the study of algorithmic systems, while being aware and cognizant of its limitations and shortcomings.
307.
Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
Mapping the research domains on work in agriculture. A bibliometric review from Scopus database Journal Article
In: Journal of Rural Studies, 2020, ISSN: 0743-0167.
@article{Malanski2020b,
title = {Mapping the research domains on work in agriculture. A bibliometric review from Scopus database},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016720311864},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.050},
issn = {0743-0167},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-27},
urldate = {2020-10-27},
journal = {Journal of Rural Studies},
abstract = {Near to half of world population lives in rural areas, and agriculture is responsible for 28% of global employment. Structural changes in agriculture impacting labor and the low attractivity of employment and working conditions in this sector are the major issues for the permanence and renewal of the rural workforce. Promoting decent work is essential to reach sustainable development. According to the ILO definition, decent work involves a wide range of conditions linked between them that include and go beyond farming work (e.g. gender equity, workplace security, fair income, among others). This complex situation requires for scientists the analysis of the diverse topics, as well as the development of interdisciplinary approaches to deal with this diversity. A review of the scientific literature is necessary to summarize the knowledge that has been produced and identify the current trends related to work in agriculture. In order to provide a background in this topic, the aim of this study was to review the state of the international literature related to work in agriculture, through a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in Scopus bibliographical database. Our findings show that USA, UK, France and China are the leaders in the scientific landscape according to: geographical production of knowledge, main journals and authors, and most-cited articles. The analysis of work in agriculture is declined in five main research domains: 1) social issues in rural areas; 2) labor market; 3) household strategies of labor allocation, 4) work organization in livestock farms; and 5) occupational health in farms. These research domains are investigated by four main scientific communities that prevail in the international literature: 1) agricultural economics; 2) ergonomics; 3) social issues for rural development; and 5) livestock farming systems. Besides those mainstream research, three major research trends emerged: 1) migration and precarious employment condition; 2) work issues in advisory services; and 3) labor governance in global value chains. These trends reflect ongoing transformations in agriculture that are important to think about the future of the work in this sector and its impacts on sustainable development. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities that have performed the most relevant research indexed in Scopus database related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review offers an overview in an interdisciplinary topic, and provides a benchmark for future cutting-edge research. The ILO definition of decent work can be a guideline for focus and deepen specific topics, since our findings indicate that several of them are linked to work-related issues in agriculture, which could support sustainable development on this sector.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Near to half of world population lives in rural areas, and agriculture is responsible for 28% of global employment. Structural changes in agriculture impacting labor and the low attractivity of employment and working conditions in this sector are the major issues for the permanence and renewal of the rural workforce. Promoting decent work is essential to reach sustainable development. According to the ILO definition, decent work involves a wide range of conditions linked between them that include and go beyond farming work (e.g. gender equity, workplace security, fair income, among others). This complex situation requires for scientists the analysis of the diverse topics, as well as the development of interdisciplinary approaches to deal with this diversity. A review of the scientific literature is necessary to summarize the knowledge that has been produced and identify the current trends related to work in agriculture. In order to provide a background in this topic, the aim of this study was to review the state of the international literature related to work in agriculture, through a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in Scopus bibliographical database. Our findings show that USA, UK, France and China are the leaders in the scientific landscape according to: geographical production of knowledge, main journals and authors, and most-cited articles. The analysis of work in agriculture is declined in five main research domains: 1) social issues in rural areas; 2) labor market; 3) household strategies of labor allocation, 4) work organization in livestock farms; and 5) occupational health in farms. These research domains are investigated by four main scientific communities that prevail in the international literature: 1) agricultural economics; 2) ergonomics; 3) social issues for rural development; and 5) livestock farming systems. Besides those mainstream research, three major research trends emerged: 1) migration and precarious employment condition; 2) work issues in advisory services; and 3) labor governance in global value chains. These trends reflect ongoing transformations in agriculture that are important to think about the future of the work in this sector and its impacts on sustainable development. We show for the first time the characteristics of the main scientific communities that have performed the most relevant research indexed in Scopus database related to work in agriculture over the past 10 years. This review offers an overview in an interdisciplinary topic, and provides a benchmark for future cutting-edge research. The ILO definition of decent work can be a guideline for focus and deepen specific topics, since our findings indicate that several of them are linked to work-related issues in agriculture, which could support sustainable development on this sector.
308.
Bordignon, Frederique
A scientometric review of permafrost research based on textual analysis (1948-2020) Journal Article
In: Scientometrics, 2020.
@article{Bordignon2020,
title = {A scientometric review of permafrost research based on textual analysis (1948-2020)},
author = {Frederique Bordignon},
url = {https://rdcu.be/b8FBh
http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/d8gvm96ykm.1
https://hal-enpc.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02963536v1},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03747-4},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-17},
urldate = {2020-10-17},
journal = {Scientometrics},
abstract = {This article proposes an analysis of research dedicated to permafrost. Its originality is twofold: it covers a corpus (n=16,249) that has never been reviewed before and also makes use of a methodology based on successive textual analysis processes. With the text-mining of additional corpuses, we produce lists of qualified terms to fine-tune the indexing of the main corpus and isolate relevant terminology dedicated to infrastructure and soil properties. With these enrichments combined with other terminological extractions (such as place names recognition), we reveal the internal structure of permafrost research with the help of visual mapping and easily prove that permafrost research is multidisciplinary and multi-topical The semantic map and the diachronic analysis of terms clusters show that the interest had turned since the 1980s towards the role of climate change but also on China's needs for its highway and railway construction sites. The very strong and growing impact of Chinese research, focused on the Tibetan area, is one of the highlights of our data. Furthermore, we propose a focus on infrastructure vulnerability and use soil properties as a proxy to measure the existing interactions between two distinct research communities. The results suggest that research has mainly focused so far on the feasibility of building on frozen ground and exploiting soils, but remains at an early stage of addressing the impact of global warming on infrastructure degradation and its resilience. This study offers insights to permafrost experts, but also provide a methodology that could be reused for other investigations. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article proposes an analysis of research dedicated to permafrost. Its originality is twofold: it covers a corpus (n=16,249) that has never been reviewed before and also makes use of a methodology based on successive textual analysis processes. With the text-mining of additional corpuses, we produce lists of qualified terms to fine-tune the indexing of the main corpus and isolate relevant terminology dedicated to infrastructure and soil properties. With these enrichments combined with other terminological extractions (such as place names recognition), we reveal the internal structure of permafrost research with the help of visual mapping and easily prove that permafrost research is multidisciplinary and multi-topical The semantic map and the diachronic analysis of terms clusters show that the interest had turned since the 1980s towards the role of climate change but also on China's needs for its highway and railway construction sites. The very strong and growing impact of Chinese research, focused on the Tibetan area, is one of the highlights of our data. Furthermore, we propose a focus on infrastructure vulnerability and use soil properties as a proxy to measure the existing interactions between two distinct research communities. The results suggest that research has mainly focused so far on the feasibility of building on frozen ground and exploiting soils, but remains at an early stage of addressing the impact of global warming on infrastructure degradation and its resilience. This study offers insights to permafrost experts, but also provide a methodology that could be reused for other investigations.
309.
Aviso, K. B.; Sy, C. L.; Tan, R. R.; Ubando, Aristotle T.
Fuzzy optimization of carbon management networks based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing Journal Article
In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 132, pp. 110035, 2020, ISSN: 1364-0321.
@article{Aviso2020,
title = {Fuzzy optimization of carbon management networks based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing},
author = {K.B. Aviso and C.L. Sy and R.R. Tan and Aristotle T. Ubando},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120303269},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110035},
issn = {1364-0321},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
urldate = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
volume = {132},
pages = {110035},
abstract = {A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation will be needed to mitigate climate change to a safe level. Residual biomass from agriculture is an underutilized energy source that can contribute to the needed emissions cut, but its geographic dispersion presents logistical problems. Direct and indirect co-firing of biomass in existing power plants presents a flexible means of utilizing this resource. Indirect co-firing of biomass with biochar co-production can even give greater reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the biochar is applied to soil as a form of carbon sequestration. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model is developed for optimizing a carbon management network based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing, coupled with biochar application to soil for the latter case. The model can match biomass sources to power plants; the power plants that use indirect co-firing are also matched to biochar application sites. The model is illustrated using a case study representative of a developing country with an agriculture-intensive economy. Results show that not all powerplants need to implement co-firing to reach a balance between reducing GHG emissions and the risk of introducing contaminants in soil. The model provides effective decision support for decarbonizing power generation, particularly in developing countries that still make use of coal-fired power plants and which have abundant biomass resources in the form of agricultural waste.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation will be needed to mitigate climate change to a safe level. Residual biomass from agriculture is an underutilized energy source that can contribute to the needed emissions cut, but its geographic dispersion presents logistical problems. Direct and indirect co-firing of biomass in existing power plants presents a flexible means of utilizing this resource. Indirect co-firing of biomass with biochar co-production can even give greater reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the biochar is applied to soil as a form of carbon sequestration. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model is developed for optimizing a carbon management network based on direct and indirect biomass co-firing, coupled with biochar application to soil for the latter case. The model can match biomass sources to power plants; the power plants that use indirect co-firing are also matched to biochar application sites. The model is illustrated using a case study representative of a developing country with an agriculture-intensive economy. Results show that not all powerplants need to implement co-firing to reach a balance between reducing GHG emissions and the risk of introducing contaminants in soil. The model provides effective decision support for decarbonizing power generation, particularly in developing countries that still make use of coal-fired power plants and which have abundant biomass resources in the form of agricultural waste.
310.
Semaan, Marleine
Effectuation et innovation dans des contextes contraints en ressources : une revue de littérature Journal Article
In: Innovations, vol. 2020/3, no. 63, pp. 153 à 178, 2020, ISBN: 9782807394209.
@article{Semaan2020,
title = {Effectuation et innovation dans des contextes contraints en ressources : une revue de littérature},
author = {Marleine Semaan},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-innovations-2020-3-page-153.htm},
doi = {10.3917/inno.063.0153},
isbn = {9782807394209},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-09},
urldate = {2020-09-09},
journal = {Innovations},
volume = {2020/3},
number = {63},
pages = {153 à 178},
abstract = {Ce travail a pour objectif d’identifier à quel(s) type(s) d’innovations contraintes par les ressources, la théorie de l’effectuation est reliée et quelles sont les problématiques pour lesquelles ces deux littératures sont mobilisées conjointement. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de littérature basée sur une analyse bibliométrique (co-citations des références) et une analyse sémantique (co-citations des mots clés). Les résultats de ces analyses effectuées sur 55 documents, à l’aide de la plateforme d’analyse textuelle et bibliométrique, CORTEXT Manager, montrent que la théorie de l’effectuation est fortement liée au bricolage par le biais de différentes thématiques liées à l’entrepreneuriat telles que l’éducation entrepreneuriale, l’internationalisation, les approches d’exploration et de création d’opportunités et l’entrepreneuriat social. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ce travail a pour objectif d’identifier à quel(s) type(s) d’innovations contraintes par les ressources, la théorie de l’effectuation est reliée et quelles sont les problématiques pour lesquelles ces deux littératures sont mobilisées conjointement. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de littérature basée sur une analyse bibliométrique (co-citations des références) et une analyse sémantique (co-citations des mots clés). Les résultats de ces analyses effectuées sur 55 documents, à l’aide de la plateforme d’analyse textuelle et bibliométrique, CORTEXT Manager, montrent que la théorie de l’effectuation est fortement liée au bricolage par le biais de différentes thématiques liées à l’entrepreneuriat telles que l’éducation entrepreneuriale, l’internationalisation, les approches d’exploration et de création d’opportunités et l’entrepreneuriat social.
311.
Omena, Janna Joceli; Rabello, Elaine Teixeira; Mintz, André Goes
Digital Methods for Hashtag Engagement Research Journal Article
In: Social Media + Society, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2056305120940697, 2020.
@article{Omena2020,
title = {Digital Methods for Hashtag Engagement Research},
author = {Janna Joceli Omena and Elaine Teixeira Rabello and André Goes Mintz},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2056305120940697},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120940697},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-03},
urldate = {2020-09-03},
journal = {Social Media + Society},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {2056305120940697},
abstract = {This article seeks to contribute to the field of digital research by critically accounting for the relationship between hashtags and their forms of grammatization—the platform techno-materialization process of online activity. We approach hashtags as sociotechnical formations that serve social media research not only as criteria in corpus selection but also displaying the complexity of the online engagement and its entanglement with the technicity of web platforms. Therefore, the study of hashtag engagement requires a grasping of the functioning of the platform itself (technicity) along with the platform grammatization. In this respect, we propose the three-layered (3L) perspective for addressing hashtag engagement. The first contemplates potential differences between high-visibility and ordinary hashtag usage culture, its related actors, and content. The second focuses on hashtagging activity and the repurposing of how hashtags can be differently embedded into social media databases. The last layer looks particularly into the images and texts to which hashtags are brought to relation. To operationalize the 3L framework, we draw on the case of the “impeachment-cum-coup” of Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff. When cross-read, the three layers add value to one another, providing also difference visions of the high-visibility and ordinary groups.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article seeks to contribute to the field of digital research by critically accounting for the relationship between hashtags and their forms of grammatization—the platform techno-materialization process of online activity. We approach hashtags as sociotechnical formations that serve social media research not only as criteria in corpus selection but also displaying the complexity of the online engagement and its entanglement with the technicity of web platforms. Therefore, the study of hashtag engagement requires a grasping of the functioning of the platform itself (technicity) along with the platform grammatization. In this respect, we propose the three-layered (3L) perspective for addressing hashtag engagement. The first contemplates potential differences between high-visibility and ordinary hashtag usage culture, its related actors, and content. The second focuses on hashtagging activity and the repurposing of how hashtags can be differently embedded into social media databases. The last layer looks particularly into the images and texts to which hashtags are brought to relation. To operationalize the 3L framework, we draw on the case of the “impeachment-cum-coup” of Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff. When cross-read, the three layers add value to one another, providing also difference visions of the high-visibility and ordinary groups.
312.
Kundu, Oishee; James, Andrew D; Rigby, John
Public procurement and innovation: a systematic literature review Journal Article
In: Science and Public Policy, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 490-502, 2020, ISSN: 0302-3427.
@article{Kundu2020,
title = {Public procurement and innovation: a systematic literature review},
author = {Oishee Kundu and Andrew D James and John Rigby},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa029},
doi = {10.1093/scipol/scaa029},
issn = {0302-3427},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
urldate = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Science and Public Policy},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {490-502},
abstract = {Public procurement and innovation is the subject of a growing body of literature. This article systematically reviews the existing research, documenting its evolution and highlighting dominant and overlooked themes. We find a dramatic increase in the number of journal publications on this topic since 2008, the existence of thematic communities within the literature, and a focus on empirical work. We analysed keywords and abstracts to identify the broad boundaries of research on public procurement and innovation as well as particular areas of focus in the literature. We found a variety of terms used to describe the application of public procurement as an innovation policy tool and a variety of thematic interests and theoretical foundations. We argue that this makes it challenging to consolidate the research on the topic. From a policy perspective, the geographical context of research is overwhelmingly concentrated in OECD and EU countries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Public procurement and innovation is the subject of a growing body of literature. This article systematically reviews the existing research, documenting its evolution and highlighting dominant and overlooked themes. We find a dramatic increase in the number of journal publications on this topic since 2008, the existence of thematic communities within the literature, and a focus on empirical work. We analysed keywords and abstracts to identify the broad boundaries of research on public procurement and innovation as well as particular areas of focus in the literature. We found a variety of terms used to describe the application of public procurement as an innovation policy tool and a variety of thematic interests and theoretical foundations. We argue that this makes it challenging to consolidate the research on the topic. From a policy perspective, the geographical context of research is overwhelmingly concentrated in OECD and EU countries.
313.
Deng, Shengli; Xia, Sudi; Hu, Jiming; Li, Hongxiu; Liu, Yong
Exploring the topic structure and evolution of associations in information behavior research through co-word analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 2020.
@article{Deng2020,
title = {Exploring the topic structure and evolution of associations in information behavior research through co-word analysis},
author = {Shengli Deng and Sudi Xia and Jiming Hu and Hongxiu Li and Yong Liu },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000620938120},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-01},
urldate = {2020-07-01},
journal = {Journal of Librarianship and Information Science},
abstract = {This study aims to reveal the distribution of topics, and the associations among them, in information behavior research from 2009 to 2018. Working with a collection of 6744 publications from the Web of Science database, co-word analysis is used to investigate the overall topic structure, the associations among the topics, and their evolution in different years, which is supplemented by visualization with science maps. The results uncovered an unbalanced distribution of topics, and that the topics cluster into six communities representing subdivisions of this field: information behavior in patient-centered studies; information interaction in the digital environment; information literacy in health and academic contexts; health literacy on the Internet; information behavior in child-centered studies; and information behavior in medical informatics. The findings supplement and provide refinements to work on the state of this field, and help researchers obtain an overview of the past decade to guide their future work.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study aims to reveal the distribution of topics, and the associations among them, in information behavior research from 2009 to 2018. Working with a collection of 6744 publications from the Web of Science database, co-word analysis is used to investigate the overall topic structure, the associations among the topics, and their evolution in different years, which is supplemented by visualization with science maps. The results uncovered an unbalanced distribution of topics, and that the topics cluster into six communities representing subdivisions of this field: information behavior in patient-centered studies; information interaction in the digital environment; information literacy in health and academic contexts; health literacy on the Internet; information behavior in child-centered studies; and information behavior in medical informatics. The findings supplement and provide refinements to work on the state of this field, and help researchers obtain an overview of the past decade to guide their future work.
314.
Rikap, Cecilia
Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation Journal Article
In: Competition & Change, 2020.
@article{Rikap2020,
title = {Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation },
author = {Cecilia Rikap},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529420932418},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-17},
journal = {Competition & Change},
abstract = {This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon’s financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon’s economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon’s innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon’s innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon’s profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon’s rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations’ political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon’s financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon’s economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon’s innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon’s innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon’s profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon’s rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations’ political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.
315.
Lu, Wei; Wang, Jiamin; Hu, Jiming
Analyzing the topic distribution and evolution of foreign relations from parliamentary debates: A framework and case study Journal Article
In: Information Processing & Management, vol. 55, no. 3, 2020.
@article{Wei2020,
title = {Analyzing the topic distribution and evolution of foreign relations from parliamentary debates: A framework and case study},
author = {Wei Lu and Jiamin Wang and Jiming Hu},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102191},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-01},
urldate = {2020-05-01},
journal = {Information Processing & Management},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
abstract = {Parliamentary texts are records of discussions of domestic and international affairs, which reflect national attitudes and development trends in foreign relations. In this paper, a research framework is proposed to analyze foreign relations on the basis of parliamentary texts. First, topic words are extracted from parliamentary texts, and then a co-word network is constructed to represent the correlation structure of topic words. The basic statistics, calculation of network indicators, community detection, and visualization of network maps and evolution venation, as well as the depiction of a strategic diagram, elucidate deeper characteristics and connotations of foreign relations. This case study on UK-China relations during the period of 2011-2017 using British parliamentary texts reveals the following findings. Over this period, UK-China relations changed in terms of the topics involved, topics which are greatly unbalanced in distribution, but are quite concentrated. Five different directions exist, centering on Trade, Human rights, Nuclear, Steel, and Visa. The evolution of topics includes merging and differentiation. A minority of topics exhibit marked continuity, which constitute the main focal points discussed each year, such as Economy and Trade. Regarding development trends, themes related to trade and steel remain focal points in UK-China relations. Overall, the framework proposed in this paper is proven to be both effective and feasible, and its application through this case study can foster a deeper understanding of the status and development of UK-China relations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parliamentary texts are records of discussions of domestic and international affairs, which reflect national attitudes and development trends in foreign relations. In this paper, a research framework is proposed to analyze foreign relations on the basis of parliamentary texts. First, topic words are extracted from parliamentary texts, and then a co-word network is constructed to represent the correlation structure of topic words. The basic statistics, calculation of network indicators, community detection, and visualization of network maps and evolution venation, as well as the depiction of a strategic diagram, elucidate deeper characteristics and connotations of foreign relations. This case study on UK-China relations during the period of 2011-2017 using British parliamentary texts reveals the following findings. Over this period, UK-China relations changed in terms of the topics involved, topics which are greatly unbalanced in distribution, but are quite concentrated. Five different directions exist, centering on Trade, Human rights, Nuclear, Steel, and Visa. The evolution of topics includes merging and differentiation. A minority of topics exhibit marked continuity, which constitute the main focal points discussed each year, such as Economy and Trade. Regarding development trends, themes related to trade and steel remain focal points in UK-China relations. Overall, the framework proposed in this paper is proven to be both effective and feasible, and its application through this case study can foster a deeper understanding of the status and development of UK-China relations.
316.
Macq, Hadrien; Tancoigne, Elise; Strasser, Bruno
From Deliberation to Production: Public Participation in Science and Technology Policies of the European Commission (1998–2019) Journal Article
In: Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2020.
@article{Macq2020,
title = {From Deliberation to Production: Public Participation in Science and Technology Policies of the European Commission (1998–2019)},
author = {Hadrien Macq and Elise Tancoigne and Bruno Strasser},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2268/246902},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-020-09405-6},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-22},
urldate = {2020-04-22},
journal = {Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy},
abstract = {This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty- first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and tech- nology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innova- tion (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty- first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and tech- nology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innova- tion (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation.
317.
Deng, Shengli; Xia, Sudi
Mapping the interdisciplinarity in information behavior research: a quantitative study using diversity measure and co‐occurrence analysis Journal Article
In: 2020.
@article{Deng2020b,
title = {Mapping the interdisciplinarity in information behavior research: a quantitative study using diversity measure and co‐occurrence analysis},
author = {Shengli Deng and Sudi Xia},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03465-x},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-11},
urldate = {2020-04-11},
abstract = {Information behavior research is an interdisciplinary field in essence due to the investiga- tion of interdisciplinary in previous work. To track the changes in interdisciplinarity of this field, more efforts should be put on basis of previous work. Based on publications searched from Web of Science from 2000 to 2018, we explored the interdisciplinarity of this field drawing on network analysis and diversity measure. Findings showed that although variety of disciplines in this field augmented significantly, the distribution of disciplines is unbal- anced and concentrated on some dominant disciplines such as computer science, engineer- ing, psychology, social science and medicine, etc. Relationships among disciplines have evolved over time and mainly focused on neighboring disciplines instead of distinct disci- plines. Computer science, engineering, psychology, health science and social science func- tion as intermediate disciplines connecting distinct disciplinary groups. Besides, the meas- urement using diversity measure shows that interdisciplinary degree of this field appears to decrease. This study contributes to the evolution and measurement of interdisciplinarity of information behavior research, which has implications for researchers and practitioners in this field.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Information behavior research is an interdisciplinary field in essence due to the investiga- tion of interdisciplinary in previous work. To track the changes in interdisciplinarity of this field, more efforts should be put on basis of previous work. Based on publications searched from Web of Science from 2000 to 2018, we explored the interdisciplinarity of this field drawing on network analysis and diversity measure. Findings showed that although variety of disciplines in this field augmented significantly, the distribution of disciplines is unbal- anced and concentrated on some dominant disciplines such as computer science, engineer- ing, psychology, social science and medicine, etc. Relationships among disciplines have evolved over time and mainly focused on neighboring disciplines instead of distinct disci- plines. Computer science, engineering, psychology, health science and social science func- tion as intermediate disciplines connecting distinct disciplinary groups. Besides, the meas- urement using diversity measure shows that interdisciplinary degree of this field appears to decrease. This study contributes to the evolution and measurement of interdisciplinarity of information behavior research, which has implications for researchers and practitioners in this field.
318.
Dagiral, Éric; Peerbaye, Ashveen; Vincensini, Caroline
Terrains & travaux, 2000-2019, une analyse de vingt années de production Journal Article
In: Terrains & travaux, vol. 1-2, no. 36-37, pp. 29-58, 2020.
@article{Dagiral2020,
title = {Terrains & travaux, 2000-2019, une analyse de vingt années de production},
author = {Éric Dagiral and Ashveen Peerbaye and Caroline Vincensini},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-terrains-et-travaux-2020-1-page-29.htm},
doi = {10.3917/tt.036.0029},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-01},
urldate = {2020-04-01},
journal = {Terrains & travaux},
volume = {1-2},
number = {36-37},
pages = {29-58},
abstract = {Cet article propose une analyse à la fois quantitative et qualitative des vingt premières années de production de terrains & travaux. Dans le cadre de ce numéro anniversaire, il revient d’abord sur le projet éditorial de la revue et en précise le fonctionnement concret à travers les évolutions simultanées de son comité de rédaction, de ses rubriques, ainsi que des thématiques choisies au fil des ans. Il analyse ensuite en détail une série de caractéristiques des auteur·e·s des 359 articles publiés depuis 2000, puis esquisse la façon dont la revue se positionne dans l’espace plus large des revues de sciences sociales, ainsi que le paysage des auteur·e·s les plus cité·e·s que la revue donne à voir. Ces coups de projecteur mettent en évidence la relative professionnalisation de la revue depuis sa création comme « Cahiers du département de sciences sociales de l’ENS de Cachan ». Ils révèlent aussi la centralité de la sociologie dans la trajectoire de cette « revue de sciences sociales », centralité qui n’équivaut cependant pas à une exclusivité, la revue laissant une place non négligeable depuis sa création à d’autres sciences sociales à travers le comité de rédaction, les auteur·e·s publié·e·s et les références citées.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cet article propose une analyse à la fois quantitative et qualitative des vingt premières années de production de terrains & travaux. Dans le cadre de ce numéro anniversaire, il revient d’abord sur le projet éditorial de la revue et en précise le fonctionnement concret à travers les évolutions simultanées de son comité de rédaction, de ses rubriques, ainsi que des thématiques choisies au fil des ans. Il analyse ensuite en détail une série de caractéristiques des auteur·e·s des 359 articles publiés depuis 2000, puis esquisse la façon dont la revue se positionne dans l’espace plus large des revues de sciences sociales, ainsi que le paysage des auteur·e·s les plus cité·e·s que la revue donne à voir. Ces coups de projecteur mettent en évidence la relative professionnalisation de la revue depuis sa création comme « Cahiers du département de sciences sociales de l’ENS de Cachan ». Ils révèlent aussi la centralité de la sociologie dans la trajectoire de cette « revue de sciences sociales », centralité qui n’équivaut cependant pas à une exclusivité, la revue laissant une place non négligeable depuis sa création à d’autres sciences sociales à travers le comité de rédaction, les auteur·e·s publié·e·s et les références citées.
319.
Marvuglia, Antonino; Havinga, Lisanne; Heidrich, Oliver; Fonseca, Jimeno; Gaitanie, Niki; Reckien, Diana
Advances and challenges in assessing urban sustainability: an advanced bibliometric review Journal Article
In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020.
@article{Marvuglia2020,
title = {Advances and challenges in assessing urban sustainability: an advanced bibliometric review},
author = {Antonino Marvuglia and Lisanne Havinga and Oliver Heidrich and Jimeno Fonseca and Niki Gaitanie and Diana Reckien},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109788},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-06},
urldate = {2020-03-06},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
abstract = {With nearly 70% of the world population expected to live in cities by 2050, assessing the sustainability of urban systems, both existing and future ones, is becoming increasingly relevant. Making cities more sustainable is a global priority, which is highlighted by ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ being listed as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) explores the implementation and assessment of policies and technologies that contribute to the transition to a sustainable, energy efficient and regenerative society. We organized the issue according to four main research themes: 1) Renewable Energy Systems (i.e., different types of systems, qualitative assessments and public acceptance); 2) Sustainable Built Environment (which includes construction, operation and refurbishment); 3) Multi-Scale Models (considering urban sustainability transition from building to districts, or cities and regions to multi-country comparisons and their scaling across different countries); and 4) Governance and Policy (climate change mitigation and adaptation plans/policies that are reported across countries, urban services and infrastructures).
This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With nearly 70% of the world population expected to live in cities by 2050, assessing the sustainability of urban systems, both existing and future ones, is becoming increasingly relevant. Making cities more sustainable is a global priority, which is highlighted by ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities’ being listed as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adopted by United Nations Member States in 2015. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) explores the implementation and assessment of policies and technologies that contribute to the transition to a sustainable, energy efficient and regenerative society. We organized the issue according to four main research themes: 1) Renewable Energy Systems (i.e., different types of systems, qualitative assessments and public acceptance); 2) Sustainable Built Environment (which includes construction, operation and refurbishment); 3) Multi-Scale Models (considering urban sustainability transition from building to districts, or cities and regions to multi-country comparisons and their scaling across different countries); and 4) Governance and Policy (climate change mitigation and adaptation plans/policies that are reported across countries, urban services and infrastructures).
This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.
This paper serves two purposes. The first is to provide an analysis about patterns, correlations and synergies found across the different topics that have been addressed over the last 20 years in the literature about cities’ sustainability paths. A bibliometric analysis and a contingency matrix show the degree of correlation between scientific journals and main topics addressed by published articles. Secondly, the paper acts as an Editorial to the VSI, introducing the wealth of research articles and topics included in it. Both the bibliometric analysis and the papers published in this VSI demonstrate the interconnectedness of energy consumption, pollutant emissions and the competition for finite resources. The aim is to present advances and challenges of this exciting and ever-evolving research field to inform and guide future studies of urban sustainability.
320.
Cardon, Vincent
Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research Journal Article
In: Science, Technology and Society, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 38-66, 2020.
@article{Cardon2020,
title = {Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research},
author = {Vincent Cardon},
doi = {10.1177/0971721819889918},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-03},
urldate = {2020-03-03},
journal = {Science, Technology and Society},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {38-66},
abstract = {One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions.In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorTexT Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 1050 authors to trust CorTexT for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorTexT Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
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