LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS – March 2019)
2018 |
Workshops |
Tari, Thomas OBME 2120-Processing Knowledge: building, refining and analyzing research corpora in social sciences Workshop 2018. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @workshop{tari2018obme, title = {OBME 2120-Processing Knowledge: building, refining and analyzing research corpora in social sciences}, author = {Thomas Tari}, url = {http://formation.sciences-po.fr/enseignement/2017/obme/2120}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, abstract = {This course is based on the idea that one needs to understand the social nature of research, the forms knowledge takes to be true, to actually produce his/her first piece of research. Rooted in the tradition of sociology of scientific knowledge and STS, the seminar will provide to the students all the theories, methods and free tools needed to analyze the products of science and conduct their own social sciences research. By opening a dialogue with sources taken as a research object, the goal is not to produce a plain bibliography, but to build a quality research corpus, analyzed through both up-to-date qualitative and quantitative methods. This course expects to broaden minds and to teach useful skills, working on thematics that will be collectively defined to meet the students' interests. }, howpublished = {Sciences Po Seminar}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {workshop} } This course is based on the idea that one needs to understand the social nature of research, the forms knowledge takes to be true, to actually produce his/her first piece of research. Rooted in the tradition of sociology of scientific knowledge and STS, the seminar will provide to the students all the theories, methods and free tools needed to analyze the products of science and conduct their own social sciences research. By opening a dialogue with sources taken as a research object, the goal is not to produce a plain bibliography, but to build a quality research corpus, analyzed through both up-to-date qualitative and quantitative methods. This course expects to broaden minds and to teach useful skills, working on thematics that will be collectively defined to meet the students' interests. |
2017 |
Journal Articles |
Blank-Gomel, Rony Cycling injuries and the re-modernisation of mundane risks: from injury prevention to a population health and environmental problem Journal Article Health, Risk & Society, 19 (3-4), pp. 68-188, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @article{Blank-Gomel2017, title = {Cycling injuries and the re-modernisation of mundane risks: from injury prevention to a population health and environmental problem}, author = {Rony Blank-Gomel}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2017.1338339}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-05-31}, journal = {Health, Risk & Society}, volume = {19}, number = {3-4}, pages = {68-188}, abstract = {Commentators drawing on the concept of the Risk Society have argued that the proliferation of large-scale risks generates critical reflection on the modernistic logic and drives current societal changes. Critics have argued that this thesis neglects the centrality of mundane risks in shaping contemporary identities. However, such critics have not considered the dynamics of mundane risks and the possibility that these dynamics follow the predictions made by Risk Society theorists. In this article, I examine this issue using the recent history of cycling risk, focussing on expert knowledge in the Global North between 1970 and 2014. I draw on Actor–Network Theory to operationalise Risk Society, conceptualising accounts of cycling risk as the products of a dynamic network. I examine this network using scientometric analyses of scientific papers, analyses of influential texts and in-depth interviews with experts and activists. I argue that the dynamics of this network follow the predictions of Risk Society: bicycle helmets emerged as a technological fix for a specific risk, but are now described as the source of new risks to health and safety, due to their potential interactions with human psychologies and social behaviours. This encourages reflexivity on the conditions producing such risks, namely, the modernistic logic. Thus, mundane risks are both re-modernised and remain central to shaping identities and concerns. More specifically, the interaction between mundane risks and holistic conceptualisations of health is shown to contribute to the shift from first to second modernity.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Commentators drawing on the concept of the Risk Society have argued that the proliferation of large-scale risks generates critical reflection on the modernistic logic and drives current societal changes. Critics have argued that this thesis neglects the centrality of mundane risks in shaping contemporary identities. However, such critics have not considered the dynamics of mundane risks and the possibility that these dynamics follow the predictions made by Risk Society theorists. In this article, I examine this issue using the recent history of cycling risk, focussing on expert knowledge in the Global North between 1970 and 2014. I draw on Actor–Network Theory to operationalise Risk Society, conceptualising accounts of cycling risk as the products of a dynamic network. I examine this network using scientometric analyses of scientific papers, analyses of influential texts and in-depth interviews with experts and activists. I argue that the dynamics of this network follow the predictions of Risk Society: bicycle helmets emerged as a technological fix for a specific risk, but are now described as the source of new risks to health and safety, due to their potential interactions with human psychologies and social behaviours. This encourages reflexivity on the conditions producing such risks, namely, the modernistic logic. Thus, mundane risks are both re-modernised and remain central to shaping identities and concerns. More specifically, the interaction between mundane risks and holistic conceptualisations of health is shown to contribute to the shift from first to second modernity. |
Barbier, Marc; Xantos, Aris; Arvanitis, Rigas Retrospective analysis of the production of the revue d’anthropologie des connaissances Journal Article Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 11 (2), pp. 207-230, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @article{barbier2017retrospective, title = {Retrospective analysis of the production of the revue d’anthropologie des connaissances}, author = {Marc Barbier and Aris Xantos and Rigas Arvanitis}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.035.0208}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {207-230}, publisher = {SAC}, abstract = {Based on the corpus of all articles published during the ten-year existence of the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances, this article offers a retrospective analysis of the status of authors, of the categories of published items, of contents of abstracts and keywords, and of references enlisted in the contributions. This analysis makes it possible to understand what the editorial project has generated during the 10 years of publication of the journal with regard to its editorial project and its willingness to foster an open science. This retrospective analysis leads to a synthesis of the way in which the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances contributes to the landscape of scientific publishing today.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the corpus of all articles published during the ten-year existence of the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances, this article offers a retrospective analysis of the status of authors, of the categories of published items, of contents of abstracts and keywords, and of references enlisted in the contributions. This analysis makes it possible to understand what the editorial project has generated during the 10 years of publication of the journal with regard to its editorial project and its willingness to foster an open science. This retrospective analysis leads to a synthesis of the way in which the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances contributes to the landscape of scientific publishing today. |
Brás, Oriana Rainho; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cambrosio, Alberto; David, Leonor; Nunes, João Arriscado; Cardoso, Fátima; Jerónimo, Carmen Oncology research in late twentieth century and turn of the century Portugal: a scientometric approach to its institutional and semantic dimensions Journal Article Scientometrics, 113 (2), pp. 867-888, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @article{bras2017oncology, title = {Oncology research in late twentieth century and turn of the century Portugal: a scientometric approach to its institutional and semantic dimensions}, author = {Oriana Rainho Brás and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Alberto Cambrosio and Leonor David and João Arriscado Nunes and Fátima Cardoso and Carmen Jerónimo}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2491-y}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Scientometrics}, volume = {113}, number = {2}, pages = {867-888}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {This paper analyses the developmental dynamics of oncology research in Portugal during the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty first century. Grounding its conclusions in a scientometric analysis of a database of publications covering the period 1976–2015, the paper shows how the expansion of oncology research from the end of the 1990s through the 2000s is closely related to science and technology policy decisions in the country. The main actors of the institutional evolution of the field are public organizations, both hospital and academia/research-based, frequently working together. Portuguese oncology research focused especially on organ-based cancers, underlining the strong link between the laboratory and the clinic. Accordingly, translational research is a major trend in oncology research, as evidenced by the analysis of publications in major journals and inter-citation maps. Networks of institutional co-authorships show the importance of regional and international collaborations. The collaboration patterns over time reveal the importance of national and European collaborations during the initial years covered by our publication database, in line with the major impact of Portugal’s integration into the European Union, and a growing importance of regional collaborations, as well as with North and South American institutions in more recent years. Portugal provides a case study of how twentieth century policies at the national and European levels have impacted on the evolution of oncology research in countries from southern Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper analyses the developmental dynamics of oncology research in Portugal during the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty first century. Grounding its conclusions in a scientometric analysis of a database of publications covering the period 1976–2015, the paper shows how the expansion of oncology research from the end of the 1990s through the 2000s is closely related to science and technology policy decisions in the country. The main actors of the institutional evolution of the field are public organizations, both hospital and academia/research-based, frequently working together. Portuguese oncology research focused especially on organ-based cancers, underlining the strong link between the laboratory and the clinic. Accordingly, translational research is a major trend in oncology research, as evidenced by the analysis of publications in major journals and inter-citation maps. Networks of institutional co-authorships show the importance of regional and international collaborations. The collaboration patterns over time reveal the importance of national and European collaborations during the initial years covered by our publication database, in line with the major impact of Portugal’s integration into the European Union, and a growing importance of regional collaborations, as well as with North and South American institutions in more recent years. Portugal provides a case study of how twentieth century policies at the national and European levels have impacted on the evolution of oncology research in countries from southern Europe. |
Prost, Magali; Prost, Lorène; Cerf, Marianne Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ? Journal Article Raisons éducatives, (1), pp. 129-154, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @article{prost2017echanges, title = {Les échanges virtuels entre agriculteurs : un soutien à leurs transitions professionnelles ?}, author = {Magali Prost and Lorène Prost and Marianne Cerf}, url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-raisons-educatives-2017-1-page-129.htm}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Raisons éducatives}, number = {1}, pages = {129-154}, publisher = {Université de Genève}, abstract = {Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, le modèle français de production agricole est remis en question : construit pour augmenter la productivité par hectare et par travailleur, il est maintenant reconnu en partie responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement et de la santé des travailleurs agricoles (Meynard, Dedieu, & Bos, 2012 ; Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Dans ce contexte, il existe une volonté de promouvoir une agriculture qui permette une production agricole économiquement viable, socialement équitable, et ne nuisant ni à l’environnement ni à la santé. Aller vers une telle agriculture implique de profonds changements, notamment une reconfiguration des situations de travail et des conditions d’exercice des métiers des acteurs du monde agricole, et en particulier des agriculteurs (e.g. Coquil, 2014). En effet, si les agriculteurs ont toujours été confrontés à un environnement de travail ouvert et dynamique (Cerf & Sagory, 2004), la révolution agricole qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale a cherché à atténuer cette spécificité. L’usage de pesticides, d’engrais chimiques, de l’irrigation, l’amélioration des variétés et leur adaptation à ces produits a permis un contrôle des facteurs de production et l’obtention de rendements stables et élevés. Revenir aujourd’hui à une forme d’agriculture qui favorise des régulations naturelles, dite agroécologique, réexpose les agriculteurs à de l’incertitude, du non-contrôlable, des phénomènes complexes sur lesquels ils ne disposent pas forcément de connaissances stabilisées. Qui plus est, si des connaissances scientifiques existent pour aborder ces questions, elles sont souvent très partielles, et parfois font l’objet de controverses au sein du monde scientifique. Il ne s’agit donc pas, ou pas seulement, de favoriser la transmission de ces connaissances scientifiques. Par ailleurs, même s’il existe des agriculteurs qui ont déjà mis en place une pratique agroécologique, il ne s’agit pas non plus uniquement de transmettre leur expertise à d’autres. Pourquoi ? Parce que tout dépend du projet de vie et de travail de l’agriculteur, des moyens de production dont il dispose, des conditions pédoclimatiques de son exploitation, des possibilités de commercialisation, etc. Pour réussir sa transition professionnelle, chaque agriculteur doit donc revoir en profondeur son activité pour combiner de façon renouvelée son projet, ses moyens de production, ses débouchés, ses modes d’action. |
Weisz, George; Cambrosio, Alberto; Cointet, Jean-Philippe Mapping Global Health: A network analysis of a heterogeneous publication domain Journal Article BioSocieties, 12 (4), pp. 520-542, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @article{weisz2017mapping, title = {Mapping Global Health: A network analysis of a heterogeneous publication domain}, author = {George Weisz and Alberto Cambrosio and Jean-Philippe Cointet}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-017-0053-4}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {BioSocieties}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {520-542}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {This paper examines one of the most visible but oddly neglected aspects of the rapidly expanding Global Health (GH) enterprise: its vast literature. Basing our data on the PubMed MeSH term “World Health” (changed to “Global Health” in 2015) and utilizing the citation and funding metadata provided by Web of Science, we analyze nearly 20,000 articles using the software platform CorTexT for the automatic processing of large text corpora. We perform several types of scientometric network analyses, and provide maps displaying inter-citations among journals publishing GH articles, co-authorship among the 292 authors who published 12 or more papers, co-citation analysis of works (articles, books, and reports) cited at least 30 times by the papers in our database, and funding sources since 2008. The maps display the social, cognitive, and funding substructure of the GH publication field. We suggest that this somewhat fragmented and fuzzy domain is held together by (1) a core group of authors who have for some time been co-authoring numerous papers and reports with one another; (2) several central journals, most notably the Lancet, addressing wider audiences and transcending the narrow specialization characteristic of scientific and biomedical fields; and (3) a growing body of large-data metrics, most prominently the Global Burden of Disease, which has become a rhetorical resource for numerous groups with different agendas.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper examines one of the most visible but oddly neglected aspects of the rapidly expanding Global Health (GH) enterprise: its vast literature. Basing our data on the PubMed MeSH term “World Health” (changed to “Global Health” in 2015) and utilizing the citation and funding metadata provided by Web of Science, we analyze nearly 20,000 articles using the software platform CorTexT for the automatic processing of large text corpora. We perform several types of scientometric network analyses, and provide maps displaying inter-citations among journals publishing GH articles, co-authorship among the 292 authors who published 12 or more papers, co-citation analysis of works (articles, books, and reports) cited at least 30 times by the papers in our database, and funding sources since 2008. The maps display the social, cognitive, and funding substructure of the GH publication field. We suggest that this somewhat fragmented and fuzzy domain is held together by (1) a core group of authors who have for some time been co-authoring numerous papers and reports with one another; (2) several central journals, most notably the Lancet, addressing wider audiences and transcending the narrow specialization characteristic of scientific and biomedical fields; and (3) a growing body of large-data metrics, most prominently the Global Burden of Disease, which has become a rhetorical resource for numerous groups with different agendas. |
Books |
Bouabid, Hamid; Rossi, Pier Luigi; Gaillard, Jacques Les partenaires internationaux du Maroc: analyse et cartographie des co-signatures avec les chercheurs étrangers Book 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @book{Bouabid2017, title = {Les partenaires internationaux du Maroc: analyse et cartographie des co-signatures avec les chercheurs étrangers}, author = {Hamid Bouabid and Pier Luigi Rossi and Jacques Gaillard}, editor = {Jacques Gaillard and Hamid Bouabid}, url = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069762}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-01}, booktitle = {La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation}, pages = {67-93}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {Ce chapitre propose une analyse rétrospective de l’internationalisation de la recherche marocaine et de son positionnement dans les clusters scientifiques régionaux à travers le prisme des publications du Maroc co-signées avec le reste du monde. Cette approche bilatérale est complétée dans une deuxième partie par une l’analyse des collaborations internationales du Maroc au sein des cluster (réseaux) arabes, africains et méditerranéens. Au cours des trente dernières années, la production scientifique marocaine se caractérise par une internationalisation marquée avec un niveau de publications signées avec des auteurs étrangers toujours supérieur à 50% en dépit du caractère fortement endogène des sciences médicales, lesquelles représente près de 40% de la production totale du Maroc. Ce niveau d’internationalisation varie en fonction des disciplines et des institutions. Il est comparable à celui de la plupart des « petits » pays scientifiques européens et assez proche de celui de la plupart des pays arabes. En dépit d’un recul en valeur relative depuis la fin des années 1990, la France, qui co-signe aujourd’hui environ 30% de la production scientifique marocaine, reste de loin le principal partenaire scientifique du Maroc et ceci pour l’ensemble des domaines scientifiques. L’Espagne, partenaire de 8,5% des co-publications, lesquelles sont en progression constante depuis les trente dernières années, s’affirme aujourd’hui comme le deuxième partenaire scientifique, suivi de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis, lesquels, jadis en deuxième position après la France, sont aujourd’hui le cinquième partenaire juste après l’Italie. L’Arabie saoudite, quasi inexistante dans les co-publications internationales marocaines jusqu’à la fin du siècle dernier, se classe en sixième position à quasi égalité avec les Etats-Unis et dépasse légèrement la Tunisie. Les autres pays appartenant aux douze principaux partenaires du Maroc (Canada, Algérie, Royaume uni, Portugal, Belgique) présentent des taux de co-publications autour de 2,5 % de la production scientifique marocaine avec, généralement, des progressions sur la dernière période. L’analyse des clusters scientifiques régionaux montre que le positionnement du Maroc demeure excentré dans le cluster scientifique arabe et africain et donc en décalage avec les ambitions partenariales du Maroc avec l’Afrique. En revanche, le Maroc est mieux positionné dans le cluster méditerranéen avec une bonne proximité avec le tryptique France-Italie-Espagne qui domine le paysage des collaborations scientifiques internationales dans cette région.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Ce chapitre propose une analyse rétrospective de l’internationalisation de la recherche marocaine et de son positionnement dans les clusters scientifiques régionaux à travers le prisme des publications du Maroc co-signées avec le reste du monde. Cette approche bilatérale est complétée dans une deuxième partie par une l’analyse des collaborations internationales du Maroc au sein des cluster (réseaux) arabes, africains et méditerranéens. Au cours des trente dernières années, la production scientifique marocaine se caractérise par une internationalisation marquée avec un niveau de publications signées avec des auteurs étrangers toujours supérieur à 50% en dépit du caractère fortement endogène des sciences médicales, lesquelles représente près de 40% de la production totale du Maroc. Ce niveau d’internationalisation varie en fonction des disciplines et des institutions. Il est comparable à celui de la plupart des « petits » pays scientifiques européens et assez proche de celui de la plupart des pays arabes. En dépit d’un recul en valeur relative depuis la fin des années 1990, la France, qui co-signe aujourd’hui environ 30% de la production scientifique marocaine, reste de loin le principal partenaire scientifique du Maroc et ceci pour l’ensemble des domaines scientifiques. L’Espagne, partenaire de 8,5% des co-publications, lesquelles sont en progression constante depuis les trente dernières années, s’affirme aujourd’hui comme le deuxième partenaire scientifique, suivi de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis, lesquels, jadis en deuxième position après la France, sont aujourd’hui le cinquième partenaire juste après l’Italie. L’Arabie saoudite, quasi inexistante dans les co-publications internationales marocaines jusqu’à la fin du siècle dernier, se classe en sixième position à quasi égalité avec les Etats-Unis et dépasse légèrement la Tunisie. Les autres pays appartenant aux douze principaux partenaires du Maroc (Canada, Algérie, Royaume uni, Portugal, Belgique) présentent des taux de co-publications autour de 2,5 % de la production scientifique marocaine avec, généralement, des progressions sur la dernière période. L’analyse des clusters scientifiques régionaux montre que le positionnement du Maroc demeure excentré dans le cluster scientifique arabe et africain et donc en décalage avec les ambitions partenariales du Maroc avec l’Afrique. En revanche, le Maroc est mieux positionné dans le cluster méditerranéen avec une bonne proximité avec le tryptique France-Italie-Espagne qui domine le paysage des collaborations scientifiques internationales dans cette région. |
Book Chapters |
Bouabid, Hamid; Mrabet, Radouane Coopération scientifique et co-publications: le cas de l’Université Mohammed VC Souissi Book Chapter La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation, Chapter 7, pp. 181-200, Editions universitaires européennes, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @inbook{bouabid7cooperation, title = {Coopération scientifique et co-publications: le cas de l’Université Mohammed VC Souissi}, author = {Hamid Bouabid and Radouane Mrabet}, url = {http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-04/010069759.pdf#page=187}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation}, pages = {181-200}, publisher = {Editions universitaires européennes}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {Ce chapitre présente une évaluation de la politique de coopération scientifique au niveau de l’Université Mohammed V – Souissi (UM5S) en considérant d’une part les accords de coopération comme intrants et d’autre part les co-publications et leurs citations comme extrants. La cartographie de réseaux de proximité des institutions en fonction des disciplines scientifiques est utilisée pour visualiser les réseaux de coopération, la pluridisciplinarité à travers le croisement des institutions partenaires et les domaines scientifiques traités et enfin la pertinence de ces domaines en les projetant sur les domaines de pointe tels que répertoriés dans Science Watch de Thomson Reuters. La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Ce chapitre présente une évaluation de la politique de coopération scientifique au niveau de l’Université Mohammed V – Souissi (UM5S) en considérant d’une part les accords de coopération comme intrants et d’autre part les co-publications et leurs citations comme extrants. La cartographie de réseaux de proximité des institutions en fonction des disciplines scientifiques est utilisée pour visualiser les réseaux de coopération, la pluridisciplinarité à travers le croisement des institutions partenaires et les domaines scientifiques traités et enfin la pertinence de ces domaines en les projetant sur les domaines de pointe tels que répertoriés dans Science Watch de Thomson Reuters. La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future. |
Incollections |
Cardon, Vincent; Barbier, Marc The Fragmentation of Plant and Food Biosecurity Research Networks: A Scientometric Analysis Incollection Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurity, 8 , pp. 289-308, Springer, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @incollection{cardon2017fragmentation, title = {The Fragmentation of Plant and Food Biosecurity Research Networks: A Scientometric Analysis}, author = {Vincent Cardon and Marc Barbier}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46897-6_14}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurity}, volume = {8}, pages = {289-308}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {Scientometric analysis based on the mapping of complex networks performed with the Cortext manager platform reveals that biosecurity and bioterrorism have established research communities and literature, in which plant and crop biosecurity are by far less represented than human and animal issues. Biosecurity has not made plant health “disappear” and/or does not constitute a rival field of research. The conceptual apparatus of biosecurity is close to that of some other fields of research on plant health. Some specific consistent clusters of scientists and concepts related to biosecurity and agro-terrorism can be isolated however, in particular the members of the PlantFoodSec Network of Excellence. This result demonstrates the impact of European and international programs (such as CropBioTerror, PlantFoodSec, etc.) on the structure of research networks on agro-terrorism. The article opens with an analysis of qualitative material regarding the way this scientific production and agenda permeates (or not) through daily professional activities. Focusing on plant biosecurity and agro-terrorism, it targets some common issues in scientometrics and sociology of science about the boundaries of research domains and the emergence of new paradigms with specific concepts, methods, authors and cited references. It also echoes the range of questions and reflections at stake within the scientific communities related to biosecurity, and shows the effects of expertise-driven processes on the dynamics of knowledge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } Scientometric analysis based on the mapping of complex networks performed with the Cortext manager platform reveals that biosecurity and bioterrorism have established research communities and literature, in which plant and crop biosecurity are by far less represented than human and animal issues. Biosecurity has not made plant health “disappear” and/or does not constitute a rival field of research. The conceptual apparatus of biosecurity is close to that of some other fields of research on plant health. Some specific consistent clusters of scientists and concepts related to biosecurity and agro-terrorism can be isolated however, in particular the members of the PlantFoodSec Network of Excellence. This result demonstrates the impact of European and international programs (such as CropBioTerror, PlantFoodSec, etc.) on the structure of research networks on agro-terrorism. The article opens with an analysis of qualitative material regarding the way this scientific production and agenda permeates (or not) through daily professional activities. Focusing on plant biosecurity and agro-terrorism, it targets some common issues in scientometrics and sociology of science about the boundaries of research domains and the emergence of new paradigms with specific concepts, methods, authors and cited references. It also echoes the range of questions and reflections at stake within the scientific communities related to biosecurity, and shows the effects of expertise-driven processes on the dynamics of knowledge. |
Inproceedings |
Abacha, Asma Ben; de Herrera, Alba Seco G; Wang, Ke; Long, Rodney L; Antani, Sameer; Demner-Fushman, Dina Named entity recognition in functional neuroimaging literature Inproceedings Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2017 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 2218-2220, IEEE 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @inproceedings{abacha2017named, title = {Named entity recognition in functional neuroimaging literature}, author = {Asma Ben Abacha and Alba Seco G de Herrera and Ke Wang and Rodney L Long and Sameer Antani and Dina Demner-Fushman}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8218002}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2017 IEEE International Conference on}, pages = {2218-2220}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Human neuroimaging research aims to find mappings between brain activity and broad cognitive states. In particular, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows collecting information about activity in the brain in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we tackle the task of linking brain activity information from fMRI data with named entities expressed in functional neuroimaging literature. For the automatic extraction of those links, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) and compare different methods to recognize relevant entities from fMRI literature. We selected 15 entity categories to describe cognitive states, anatomical areas, stimuli and responses. To cope with the lack of relevant training data, we proposed rule-based methods relying on noun-phrase detection and filtering. We also developed machine learning methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. We constructed a gold standard corpus to evaluate these different NER methods. A comparison of the obtained F1 scores showed that the proposed approaches significantly outperform three state-of-the-art methods in open and specific domains with a best result of 78.79% F1 score in exact span evaluation and 98.40% F1 in inexact span evaluation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Human neuroimaging research aims to find mappings between brain activity and broad cognitive states. In particular, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows collecting information about activity in the brain in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we tackle the task of linking brain activity information from fMRI data with named entities expressed in functional neuroimaging literature. For the automatic extraction of those links, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) and compare different methods to recognize relevant entities from fMRI literature. We selected 15 entity categories to describe cognitive states, anatomical areas, stimuli and responses. To cope with the lack of relevant training data, we proposed rule-based methods relying on noun-phrase detection and filtering. We also developed machine learning methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. We constructed a gold standard corpus to evaluate these different NER methods. A comparison of the obtained F1 scores showed that the proposed approaches significantly outperform three state-of-the-art methods in open and specific domains with a best result of 78.79% F1 score in exact span evaluation and 98.40% F1 in inexact span evaluation. |
Rizzo, Davide; Marraccini, Elisa; Vitali, Giuliano; Martin, Philippe What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level? Inproceedings XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan, pp. 12–14, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @inproceedings{rizzo2017data, title = {What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level?}, author = {Davide Rizzo and Elisa Marraccini and Giuliano Vitali and Philippe Martin}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01608845}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan}, pages = {12--14}, abstract = {European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level. |
Hara, Yasushi Development of data platform for Japanese star scientist analysis Inproceedings Measuring science intensity of industry using linked dataset of science, technology and industry, pp. 574–577, 研究・イノベーション学会, 2017, (http://hdl.handle.net/10119/14859). BibTeX | Tags: @inproceedings{yasushi2017development, title = {Development of data platform for Japanese star scientist analysis}, author = {Yasushi Hara}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Measuring science intensity of industry using linked dataset of science, technology and industry}, journal = {年次学術大会講演要旨集}, volume = {32}, pages = {574--577}, publisher = {研究・イノベーション学会}, note = {http://hdl.handle.net/10119/14859}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Neresini, Federico; Ponciano, Renato; Tuzzi, Arjuna Clean energy or extractive industry? A comparative study on the media representation of hydroelectricity in Colombia and Guatemala Inproceedings Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies: 16th Annual STS Conference Graz 2017, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @inproceedings{Neresini2017, title = {Clean energy or extractive industry? A comparative study on the media representation of hydroelectricity in Colombia and Guatemala}, author = {Federico Neresini and Renato Ponciano and Arjuna Tuzzi}, url = {https://conference.aau.at/event/95/material/6/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies: 16th Annual STS Conference Graz 2017}, abstract = {The Guatemalan Government de-monopolized and privatized the electricity market between 1996-2000, with the justification that, first, rural electricity coverage – which was less than 50% at the time – was a significant obstacle to human development; and second, that there were large unexploited energy resources, especially hydroelectricity. The strategy led to quadruple the installed capacity of the network in twenty years, while private hydro generation grew 6000% (Paz Antolín 2004, Ministerio de Energía y Minas 2016). However, neighboring rural communities have received the hydroelectric expansion with sustained protests and resistance, because of their impact on water use, among other claims (Orantes 2010). This has led to a perceived association of hydropower with extractive industries such as mining or oil. Take for example this quote from the activist blog, Albedrío.org: The Mayan People on resistance know that there is no more territory to go as they run away from the “development of the others”. Organized communities have already made around 80 public consultations that have clearly rejected the hydromining invasion of their territories [translation by the author, emphasis added] (Itzanmá 2014). Such association is interesting from an STS perspective, for two reasons, mainly: first, it challenges conventional views of hydropower as a clean energy source that reduces environmental impacts, especially those related to climate change; and second, because it suggests the idea of a large heterogeneous techno-industrial complex, that comprises hydroelectricity and mining and that is extracting the valuable natural resources of one country.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The Guatemalan Government de-monopolized and privatized the electricity market between 1996-2000, with the justification that, first, rural electricity coverage – which was less than 50% at the time – was a significant obstacle to human development; and second, that there were large unexploited energy resources, especially hydroelectricity. The strategy led to quadruple the installed capacity of the network in twenty years, while private hydro generation grew 6000% (Paz Antolín 2004, Ministerio de Energía y Minas 2016). However, neighboring rural communities have received the hydroelectric expansion with sustained protests and resistance, because of their impact on water use, among other claims (Orantes 2010). This has led to a perceived association of hydropower with extractive industries such as mining or oil. Take for example this quote from the activist blog, Albedrío.org: The Mayan People on resistance know that there is no more territory to go as they run away from the “development of the others”. Organized communities have already made around 80 public consultations that have clearly rejected the hydromining invasion of their territories [translation by the author, emphasis added] (Itzanmá 2014). Such association is interesting from an STS perspective, for two reasons, mainly: first, it challenges conventional views of hydropower as a clean energy source that reduces environmental impacts, especially those related to climate change; and second, because it suggests the idea of a large heterogeneous techno-industrial complex, that comprises hydroelectricity and mining and that is extracting the valuable natural resources of one country. |
Miscellaneous |
Rizzo, Davide; Combaud, Anne; Marraccini, Elisa Factors influencing farmers' preferences about agricultural equipment supply. A literature overview Miscellaneous 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @misc{Rizzo2017b, title = {Factors influencing farmers' preferences about agricultural equipment supply. A literature overview}, author = {Davide Rizzo and Anne Combaud and Elisa Marraccini}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Davide_Rizzo/publication/316686499_Conf_AXM-Eurageng_N06_Farmers_preferences_review/data/590c6589aca272db9ca6e222/Conf-AXM-Eurageng-N06-Farmers-preferences-review.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-02-01}, abstract = {The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks to constraint the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm profitability by increasing farming practices efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers’ decision making and preferences about the equipment supply. The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks to constraint the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm profitability by increasing farming practices efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers’ decision making and preferences about the equipment supply. The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries. |
Villard, Lionel; Perruchas, François; Scherngell, Thomas; Barber, Michael; Larédo, Philippe; Gallart, Jordi Molas Metropolisation, peripheries and funding of nano sciences & technologies production in Europe Miscellaneous 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @misc{villard2017metropolisation, title = {Metropolisation, peripheries and funding of nano sciences & technologies production in Europe}, author = {Lionel Villard and François Perruchas and Thomas Scherngell and Michael Barber and Philippe Larédo and Jordi Molas Gallart}, url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/162577}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, abstract = {There are multiple on-going debates about the geographical distribution and concentration of knowledge production worldwide. Recent work done by Grossetti et al. (2015) points to a ‘deconcentration’ process of knowledge production, visible not only at country level (linked to the periodic rise of new countries in the overall scientific production landscape, a long-lasting phenomenon), but also at metropolitan level. In a European policy context, this raises the question whether we can also identify such tendencies across the European territory, and whether this specifically applies to frontier scientific fields. In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } There are multiple on-going debates about the geographical distribution and concentration of knowledge production worldwide. Recent work done by Grossetti et al. (2015) points to a ‘deconcentration’ process of knowledge production, visible not only at country level (linked to the periodic rise of new countries in the overall scientific production landscape, a long-lasting phenomenon), but also at metropolitan level. In a European policy context, this raises the question whether we can also identify such tendencies across the European territory, and whether this specifically applies to frontier scientific fields. In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced. |
Online |
Salatino, Angelo A; Osborne, Francesco; Motta, Enrico How are topics born? Understanding the research dynamics preceding the emergence of new areas Online 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @online{Salatino2016, title = {How are topics born? Understanding the research dynamics preceding the emergence of new areas}, author = {Angelo A Salatino and Francesco Osborne and Enrico Motta}, url = {https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.119}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {PeerJ Computer Science}, abstract = {The ability to promptly recognise new research trends is strategic for many stakeholders, including universities, institutional funding bodies, academic publishers and companies. While the literature describes several approaches which aim to identify the emergence of new research topics early in their lifecycle, these rely on the assumption that the topic in question is already associated with a number of publications and consistently referred to by a community of researchers. Hence, detecting the emergence of a new research area at an embryonic stage, i.e., before the topic has been consistently labelled by a community of researchers and associated with a number of publications, is still an open challenge. In this paper, we begin to address this challenge by performing a study of the dynamics preceding the creation of new topics. This study indicates that the emergence of a new topic is anticipated by a significant increase in the pace of collaboration between relevant research areas, which can be seen as the ‘parents’ of the new topic. These initial findings (i) confirm our hypothesis that it is possible in principle to detect the emergence of a new topic at the embryonic stage, (ii) provide new empirical evidence supporting relevant theories in Philosophy of Science, and also (iii) suggest that new topics tend to emerge in an environment in which weakly interconnected research areas begin to cross-fertilise.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } The ability to promptly recognise new research trends is strategic for many stakeholders, including universities, institutional funding bodies, academic publishers and companies. While the literature describes several approaches which aim to identify the emergence of new research topics early in their lifecycle, these rely on the assumption that the topic in question is already associated with a number of publications and consistently referred to by a community of researchers. Hence, detecting the emergence of a new research area at an embryonic stage, i.e., before the topic has been consistently labelled by a community of researchers and associated with a number of publications, is still an open challenge. In this paper, we begin to address this challenge by performing a study of the dynamics preceding the creation of new topics. This study indicates that the emergence of a new topic is anticipated by a significant increase in the pace of collaboration between relevant research areas, which can be seen as the ‘parents’ of the new topic. These initial findings (i) confirm our hypothesis that it is possible in principle to detect the emergence of a new topic at the embryonic stage, (ii) provide new empirical evidence supporting relevant theories in Philosophy of Science, and also (iii) suggest that new topics tend to emerge in an environment in which weakly interconnected research areas begin to cross-fertilise. |
PhD Theses |
Kachani, Alexandra Struk La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat PhD Thesis Université de Bordeaux, 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @phdthesis{Kachani2017, title = {La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat }, author = {Alexandra Struk Kachani}, url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01734867/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, school = {Université de Bordeaux}, abstract = {Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. }, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. |
Technical Reports |
Bispo, Antonio; Gabrielle, Benoît; Makowski, David; Akkari, Monia El; Bamière, Laure; Barbottin, Aude; Bellassen, Valentin; Bessou, Cécile; Dumas, Patrice; Gaba, Sabrina; Wohlfahrt, Julie; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques Technical Report Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: tag1 | Links: @techreport{Bispo2017, title = {Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques}, author = {Antonio Bispo and Benoît Gabrielle and David Makowski and Monia El Akkari and Laure Bamière and Aude Barbottin and Valentin Bellassen and Cécile Bessou and Patrice Dumas and Sabrina Gaba and Julie Wohlfahrt and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562314/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, pages = {68}, institution = {Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie}, abstract = {Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques. Synthèse du rapport d'étude.}, keywords = {tag1}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques. Synthèse du rapport d'étude. |
Workshops |
Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Abdo, Alexandre Hannud Capturing Oncology Dynamics from Textual Content of Conference Abstracts: Word Embedding and Stochastic Block Models Workshop 2017. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @workshop{cointet2017capturing, title = {Capturing Oncology Dynamics from Textual Content of Conference Abstracts: Word Embedding and Stochastic Block Models}, author = {Jean-Philippe Cointet and Alexandre Hannud Abdo}, url = {http://www.ixxi.fr/agenda/seminaires/understanding-the-dynamics-of-science-an-interdisciplinary-workshop?searchterm=Understanding+the+dynamics+of+science}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, abstract = {The availability of social data drives many scientists from the formal sciences (computer science, physics…) into the quantitative analysis of social systems. One early example of this trend is « scientometrics », the study of science’s structure and evolutions using large bibliographic datasets. Recent topics of interest in the field include the development of new formal tools to provide insights on the nature, structure and dynamics of scientific communities « bottom-up », i.e. without using predetermined classification schemes. Many scientists develop also interactive visualization platforms, or compare the pictures obtained by quantitative and qualitative methods.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {workshop} } The availability of social data drives many scientists from the formal sciences (computer science, physics…) into the quantitative analysis of social systems. One early example of this trend is « scientometrics », the study of science’s structure and evolutions using large bibliographic datasets. Recent topics of interest in the field include the development of new formal tools to provide insights on the nature, structure and dynamics of scientific communities « bottom-up », i.e. without using predetermined classification schemes. Many scientists develop also interactive visualization platforms, or compare the pictures obtained by quantitative and qualitative methods. |
2016 |
Journal Articles |
Leblond, Nelly; Trottier, Julie Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders Journal Article International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food, 23 (1), pp. 21-40, 2016. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: | Links: @article{leblond2016performing, title = {Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders}, author = {Nelly Leblond and Julie Trottier}, url = {http://www.redgtd.org/CENTRODOC/BD_ARCHIVOS/02_Leblond&Trottier_Global_Models_Food_Regimes&Smallholders_2016.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {21-40}, abstract = {The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools. |
