LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
2017 |
Journal Articles |
Weisz, George; Cambrosio, Alberto; Cointet, Jean-Philippe Mapping Global Health: A network analysis of a heterogeneous publication domain Journal Article BioSocieties, 12 (4), pp. 520-542, 2017. @article{weisz2017mapping, title = {Mapping Global Health: A network analysis of a heterogeneous publication domain}, author = {George Weisz and Alberto Cambrosio and Jean-Philippe Cointet}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-017-0053-4}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {BioSocieties}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {520-542}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {This paper examines one of the most visible but oddly neglected aspects of the rapidly expanding Global Health (GH) enterprise: its vast literature. Basing our data on the PubMed MeSH term “World Health” (changed to “Global Health” in 2015) and utilizing the citation and funding metadata provided by Web of Science, we analyze nearly 20,000 articles using the software platform CorTexT for the automatic processing of large text corpora. We perform several types of scientometric network analyses, and provide maps displaying inter-citations among journals publishing GH articles, co-authorship among the 292 authors who published 12 or more papers, co-citation analysis of works (articles, books, and reports) cited at least 30 times by the papers in our database, and funding sources since 2008. The maps display the social, cognitive, and funding substructure of the GH publication field. We suggest that this somewhat fragmented and fuzzy domain is held together by (1) a core group of authors who have for some time been co-authoring numerous papers and reports with one another; (2) several central journals, most notably the Lancet, addressing wider audiences and transcending the narrow specialization characteristic of scientific and biomedical fields; and (3) a growing body of large-data metrics, most prominently the Global Burden of Disease, which has become a rhetorical resource for numerous groups with different agendas.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper examines one of the most visible but oddly neglected aspects of the rapidly expanding Global Health (GH) enterprise: its vast literature. Basing our data on the PubMed MeSH term “World Health” (changed to “Global Health” in 2015) and utilizing the citation and funding metadata provided by Web of Science, we analyze nearly 20,000 articles using the software platform CorTexT for the automatic processing of large text corpora. We perform several types of scientometric network analyses, and provide maps displaying inter-citations among journals publishing GH articles, co-authorship among the 292 authors who published 12 or more papers, co-citation analysis of works (articles, books, and reports) cited at least 30 times by the papers in our database, and funding sources since 2008. The maps display the social, cognitive, and funding substructure of the GH publication field. We suggest that this somewhat fragmented and fuzzy domain is held together by (1) a core group of authors who have for some time been co-authoring numerous papers and reports with one another; (2) several central journals, most notably the Lancet, addressing wider audiences and transcending the narrow specialization characteristic of scientific and biomedical fields; and (3) a growing body of large-data metrics, most prominently the Global Burden of Disease, which has become a rhetorical resource for numerous groups with different agendas. |
Books |
Bouabid, Hamid; Rossi, Pier Luigi; Gaillard, Jacques Les partenaires internationaux du Maroc: analyse et cartographie des co-signatures avec les chercheurs étrangers Book 2017. @book{Bouabid2017, title = {Les partenaires internationaux du Maroc: analyse et cartographie des co-signatures avec les chercheurs étrangers}, author = {Hamid Bouabid and Pier Luigi Rossi and Jacques Gaillard}, editor = {Jacques Gaillard and Hamid Bouabid}, url = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069762}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-01}, booktitle = {La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation}, pages = {67-93}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {Ce chapitre propose une analyse rétrospective de l’internationalisation de la recherche marocaine et de son positionnement dans les clusters scientifiques régionaux à travers le prisme des publications du Maroc co-signées avec le reste du monde. Cette approche bilatérale est complétée dans une deuxième partie par une l’analyse des collaborations internationales du Maroc au sein des cluster (réseaux) arabes, africains et méditerranéens. Au cours des trente dernières années, la production scientifique marocaine se caractérise par une internationalisation marquée avec un niveau de publications signées avec des auteurs étrangers toujours supérieur à 50% en dépit du caractère fortement endogène des sciences médicales, lesquelles représente près de 40% de la production totale du Maroc. Ce niveau d’internationalisation varie en fonction des disciplines et des institutions. Il est comparable à celui de la plupart des « petits » pays scientifiques européens et assez proche de celui de la plupart des pays arabes. En dépit d’un recul en valeur relative depuis la fin des années 1990, la France, qui co-signe aujourd’hui environ 30% de la production scientifique marocaine, reste de loin le principal partenaire scientifique du Maroc et ceci pour l’ensemble des domaines scientifiques. L’Espagne, partenaire de 8,5% des co-publications, lesquelles sont en progression constante depuis les trente dernières années, s’affirme aujourd’hui comme le deuxième partenaire scientifique, suivi de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis, lesquels, jadis en deuxième position après la France, sont aujourd’hui le cinquième partenaire juste après l’Italie. L’Arabie saoudite, quasi inexistante dans les co-publications internationales marocaines jusqu’à la fin du siècle dernier, se classe en sixième position à quasi égalité avec les Etats-Unis et dépasse légèrement la Tunisie. Les autres pays appartenant aux douze principaux partenaires du Maroc (Canada, Algérie, Royaume uni, Portugal, Belgique) présentent des taux de co-publications autour de 2,5 % de la production scientifique marocaine avec, généralement, des progressions sur la dernière période. L’analyse des clusters scientifiques régionaux montre que le positionnement du Maroc demeure excentré dans le cluster scientifique arabe et africain et donc en décalage avec les ambitions partenariales du Maroc avec l’Afrique. En revanche, le Maroc est mieux positionné dans le cluster méditerranéen avec une bonne proximité avec le tryptique France-Italie-Espagne qui domine le paysage des collaborations scientifiques internationales dans cette région.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Ce chapitre propose une analyse rétrospective de l’internationalisation de la recherche marocaine et de son positionnement dans les clusters scientifiques régionaux à travers le prisme des publications du Maroc co-signées avec le reste du monde. Cette approche bilatérale est complétée dans une deuxième partie par une l’analyse des collaborations internationales du Maroc au sein des cluster (réseaux) arabes, africains et méditerranéens. Au cours des trente dernières années, la production scientifique marocaine se caractérise par une internationalisation marquée avec un niveau de publications signées avec des auteurs étrangers toujours supérieur à 50% en dépit du caractère fortement endogène des sciences médicales, lesquelles représente près de 40% de la production totale du Maroc. Ce niveau d’internationalisation varie en fonction des disciplines et des institutions. Il est comparable à celui de la plupart des « petits » pays scientifiques européens et assez proche de celui de la plupart des pays arabes. En dépit d’un recul en valeur relative depuis la fin des années 1990, la France, qui co-signe aujourd’hui environ 30% de la production scientifique marocaine, reste de loin le principal partenaire scientifique du Maroc et ceci pour l’ensemble des domaines scientifiques. L’Espagne, partenaire de 8,5% des co-publications, lesquelles sont en progression constante depuis les trente dernières années, s’affirme aujourd’hui comme le deuxième partenaire scientifique, suivi de l’Allemagne et des Etats-Unis, lesquels, jadis en deuxième position après la France, sont aujourd’hui le cinquième partenaire juste après l’Italie. L’Arabie saoudite, quasi inexistante dans les co-publications internationales marocaines jusqu’à la fin du siècle dernier, se classe en sixième position à quasi égalité avec les Etats-Unis et dépasse légèrement la Tunisie. Les autres pays appartenant aux douze principaux partenaires du Maroc (Canada, Algérie, Royaume uni, Portugal, Belgique) présentent des taux de co-publications autour de 2,5 % de la production scientifique marocaine avec, généralement, des progressions sur la dernière période. L’analyse des clusters scientifiques régionaux montre que le positionnement du Maroc demeure excentré dans le cluster scientifique arabe et africain et donc en décalage avec les ambitions partenariales du Maroc avec l’Afrique. En revanche, le Maroc est mieux positionné dans le cluster méditerranéen avec une bonne proximité avec le tryptique France-Italie-Espagne qui domine le paysage des collaborations scientifiques internationales dans cette région. |
Book Chapters |
Bouabid, Hamid; Mrabet, Radouane Coopération scientifique et co-publications: le cas de l’Université Mohammed VC Souissi Book Chapter La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation, Chapter 7, pp. 181-200, Editions universitaires européennes, 2017. @inbook{bouabid7cooperation, title = {Coopération scientifique et co-publications: le cas de l’Université Mohammed VC Souissi}, author = {Hamid Bouabid and Radouane Mrabet}, url = {http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-04/010069759.pdf#page=187}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {La recherche scientifique au Maroc et son internationalisation}, pages = {181-200}, publisher = {Editions universitaires européennes}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {Ce chapitre présente une évaluation de la politique de coopération scientifique au niveau de l’Université Mohammed V – Souissi (UM5S) en considérant d’une part les accords de coopération comme intrants et d’autre part les co-publications et leurs citations comme extrants. La cartographie de réseaux de proximité des institutions en fonction des disciplines scientifiques est utilisée pour visualiser les réseaux de coopération, la pluridisciplinarité à travers le croisement des institutions partenaires et les domaines scientifiques traités et enfin la pertinence de ces domaines en les projetant sur les domaines de pointe tels que répertoriés dans Science Watch de Thomson Reuters. La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Ce chapitre présente une évaluation de la politique de coopération scientifique au niveau de l’Université Mohammed V – Souissi (UM5S) en considérant d’une part les accords de coopération comme intrants et d’autre part les co-publications et leurs citations comme extrants. La cartographie de réseaux de proximité des institutions en fonction des disciplines scientifiques est utilisée pour visualiser les réseaux de coopération, la pluridisciplinarité à travers le croisement des institutions partenaires et les domaines scientifiques traités et enfin la pertinence de ces domaines en les projetant sur les domaines de pointe tels que répertoriés dans Science Watch de Thomson Reuters. La compilation analytique des résultats à partir des métriques précédents a permis de catégoriser les institutions partenaires en 3 classes. La première, composée d’institutions avec lesquelles l’UM5S dispose d’accords de coopération et co-publie, peut être considérée comme cohérente en soi. La coopération avec ce groupe d’institutions mérite d’être davantage fidélisée et intensifiée. La deuxième catégorie est constituée d’institutions avec lesquelles il y a un volume substantiel de co-publications sans qu’aucun accord formel de coopération n’existe. Il est fortement suggéré que l’UM5S formalise sa coopération scientifique avec ses institutions selon une approche « bottom-up » afin de permettre à ses chercheurs de renforcer leur recherche collaborative. La troisième catégorie regroupe les institutions de pays émergents (en termes économique et scientifique) tels que la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et la Turquie, identifiées comme citant largement la production scientifique de l’UM5S. Cette dernière devrait considérer ces institutions comme un réservoir de partenariat potentiel pour une coopération scientifique future. |
Incollections |
Cardon, Vincent; Barbier, Marc The Fragmentation of Plant and Food Biosecurity Research Networks: A Scientometric Analysis Incollection Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurity, 8 , pp. 289-308, Springer, 2017. @incollection{cardon2017fragmentation, title = {The Fragmentation of Plant and Food Biosecurity Research Networks: A Scientometric Analysis}, author = {Vincent Cardon and Marc Barbier}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46897-6_14}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurity}, volume = {8}, pages = {289-308}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {Scientometric analysis based on the mapping of complex networks performed with the Cortext manager platform reveals that biosecurity and bioterrorism have established research communities and literature, in which plant and crop biosecurity are by far less represented than human and animal issues. Biosecurity has not made plant health “disappear” and/or does not constitute a rival field of research. The conceptual apparatus of biosecurity is close to that of some other fields of research on plant health. Some specific consistent clusters of scientists and concepts related to biosecurity and agro-terrorism can be isolated however, in particular the members of the PlantFoodSec Network of Excellence. This result demonstrates the impact of European and international programs (such as CropBioTerror, PlantFoodSec, etc.) on the structure of research networks on agro-terrorism. The article opens with an analysis of qualitative material regarding the way this scientific production and agenda permeates (or not) through daily professional activities. Focusing on plant biosecurity and agro-terrorism, it targets some common issues in scientometrics and sociology of science about the boundaries of research domains and the emergence of new paradigms with specific concepts, methods, authors and cited references. It also echoes the range of questions and reflections at stake within the scientific communities related to biosecurity, and shows the effects of expertise-driven processes on the dynamics of knowledge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } Scientometric analysis based on the mapping of complex networks performed with the Cortext manager platform reveals that biosecurity and bioterrorism have established research communities and literature, in which plant and crop biosecurity are by far less represented than human and animal issues. Biosecurity has not made plant health “disappear” and/or does not constitute a rival field of research. The conceptual apparatus of biosecurity is close to that of some other fields of research on plant health. Some specific consistent clusters of scientists and concepts related to biosecurity and agro-terrorism can be isolated however, in particular the members of the PlantFoodSec Network of Excellence. This result demonstrates the impact of European and international programs (such as CropBioTerror, PlantFoodSec, etc.) on the structure of research networks on agro-terrorism. The article opens with an analysis of qualitative material regarding the way this scientific production and agenda permeates (or not) through daily professional activities. Focusing on plant biosecurity and agro-terrorism, it targets some common issues in scientometrics and sociology of science about the boundaries of research domains and the emergence of new paradigms with specific concepts, methods, authors and cited references. It also echoes the range of questions and reflections at stake within the scientific communities related to biosecurity, and shows the effects of expertise-driven processes on the dynamics of knowledge. |
Inproceedings |
Abacha, Asma Ben; de Herrera, Alba Seco G; Wang, Ke; Long, Rodney L; Antani, Sameer; Demner-Fushman, Dina Named entity recognition in functional neuroimaging literature Inproceedings Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2017 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 2218-2220, IEEE 2017. @inproceedings{abacha2017named, title = {Named entity recognition in functional neuroimaging literature}, author = {Asma Ben Abacha and Alba Seco G de Herrera and Ke Wang and Rodney L Long and Sameer Antani and Dina Demner-Fushman}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8218002}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), 2017 IEEE International Conference on}, pages = {2218-2220}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Human neuroimaging research aims to find mappings between brain activity and broad cognitive states. In particular, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows collecting information about activity in the brain in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we tackle the task of linking brain activity information from fMRI data with named entities expressed in functional neuroimaging literature. For the automatic extraction of those links, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) and compare different methods to recognize relevant entities from fMRI literature. We selected 15 entity categories to describe cognitive states, anatomical areas, stimuli and responses. To cope with the lack of relevant training data, we proposed rule-based methods relying on noun-phrase detection and filtering. We also developed machine learning methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. We constructed a gold standard corpus to evaluate these different NER methods. A comparison of the obtained F1 scores showed that the proposed approaches significantly outperform three state-of-the-art methods in open and specific domains with a best result of 78.79% F1 score in exact span evaluation and 98.40% F1 in inexact span evaluation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Human neuroimaging research aims to find mappings between brain activity and broad cognitive states. In particular, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows collecting information about activity in the brain in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we tackle the task of linking brain activity information from fMRI data with named entities expressed in functional neuroimaging literature. For the automatic extraction of those links, we focus on Named Entity Recognition (NER) and compare different methods to recognize relevant entities from fMRI literature. We selected 15 entity categories to describe cognitive states, anatomical areas, stimuli and responses. To cope with the lack of relevant training data, we proposed rule-based methods relying on noun-phrase detection and filtering. We also developed machine learning methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) with morpho-syntactic and semantic features. We constructed a gold standard corpus to evaluate these different NER methods. A comparison of the obtained F1 scores showed that the proposed approaches significantly outperform three state-of-the-art methods in open and specific domains with a best result of 78.79% F1 score in exact span evaluation and 98.40% F1 in inexact span evaluation. |
Rizzo, Davide; Marraccini, Elisa; Vitali, Giuliano; Martin, Philippe What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level? Inproceedings XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan, pp. 12–14, 2017. @inproceedings{rizzo2017data, title = {What data are available to describe cropping systems at the regional level?}, author = {Davide Rizzo and Elisa Marraccini and Giuliano Vitali and Philippe Martin}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01608845}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {XLVI meeting of the Italian Society for Agronomy, Milan}, pages = {12--14}, abstract = {European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } European agriculture is undergoing a rapid evolution that challenges agronomic research to scale from field to landscape. In particular, the undergoing processes (e.g. urbanization or land abandonment) and the multiple ecosystems services provided by agricultural areas are requiring to broaden the research at the regional level. Since some decades, the European Union is promoting the collection of agricultural data to evaluate the farmers’ eligibility for subsidies and to assess the Common Agricultural Policy performances. Part of these datasets are being increasingly used beyond their administrative functions, as for the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). Starting from a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature using these datasets, we will discuss two examples of their application for characterizing cropland and cropping systems. Our aim is to discuss the relevance of these datasets as tools to improve the monitoring and management of agroecosystems at the regional level. |
Hara, Yasushi Development of data platform for Japanese star scientist analysis Inproceedings Measuring science intensity of industry using linked dataset of science, technology and industry, pp. 574–577, 研究・イノベーション学会, 2017, (http://hdl.handle.net/10119/14859). @inproceedings{yasushi2017development, title = {Development of data platform for Japanese star scientist analysis}, author = {Yasushi Hara}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Measuring science intensity of industry using linked dataset of science, technology and industry}, journal = {年次学術大会講演要旨集}, volume = {32}, pages = {574--577}, publisher = {研究・イノベーション学会}, note = {http://hdl.handle.net/10119/14859}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Neresini, Federico; Ponciano, Renato; Tuzzi, Arjuna Clean energy or extractive industry? A comparative study on the media representation of hydroelectricity in Colombia and Guatemala Inproceedings Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies: 16th Annual STS Conference Graz 2017, 2017. @inproceedings{Neresini2017, title = {Clean energy or extractive industry? A comparative study on the media representation of hydroelectricity in Colombia and Guatemala}, author = {Federico Neresini and Renato Ponciano and Arjuna Tuzzi}, url = {https://conference.aau.at/event/95/material/6/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies: 16th Annual STS Conference Graz 2017}, abstract = {The Guatemalan Government de-monopolized and privatized the electricity market between 1996-2000, with the justification that, first, rural electricity coverage – which was less than 50% at the time – was a significant obstacle to human development; and second, that there were large unexploited energy resources, especially hydroelectricity. The strategy led to quadruple the installed capacity of the network in twenty years, while private hydro generation grew 6000% (Paz Antolín 2004, Ministerio de Energía y Minas 2016). However, neighboring rural communities have received the hydroelectric expansion with sustained protests and resistance, because of their impact on water use, among other claims (Orantes 2010). This has led to a perceived association of hydropower with extractive industries such as mining or oil. Take for example this quote from the activist blog, Albedrío.org: The Mayan People on resistance know that there is no more territory to go as they run away from the “development of the others”. Organized communities have already made around 80 public consultations that have clearly rejected the hydromining invasion of their territories [translation by the author, emphasis added] (Itzanmá 2014). Such association is interesting from an STS perspective, for two reasons, mainly: first, it challenges conventional views of hydropower as a clean energy source that reduces environmental impacts, especially those related to climate change; and second, because it suggests the idea of a large heterogeneous techno-industrial complex, that comprises hydroelectricity and mining and that is extracting the valuable natural resources of one country.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The Guatemalan Government de-monopolized and privatized the electricity market between 1996-2000, with the justification that, first, rural electricity coverage – which was less than 50% at the time – was a significant obstacle to human development; and second, that there were large unexploited energy resources, especially hydroelectricity. The strategy led to quadruple the installed capacity of the network in twenty years, while private hydro generation grew 6000% (Paz Antolín 2004, Ministerio de Energía y Minas 2016). However, neighboring rural communities have received the hydroelectric expansion with sustained protests and resistance, because of their impact on water use, among other claims (Orantes 2010). This has led to a perceived association of hydropower with extractive industries such as mining or oil. Take for example this quote from the activist blog, Albedrío.org: The Mayan People on resistance know that there is no more territory to go as they run away from the “development of the others”. Organized communities have already made around 80 public consultations that have clearly rejected the hydromining invasion of their territories [translation by the author, emphasis added] (Itzanmá 2014). Such association is interesting from an STS perspective, for two reasons, mainly: first, it challenges conventional views of hydropower as a clean energy source that reduces environmental impacts, especially those related to climate change; and second, because it suggests the idea of a large heterogeneous techno-industrial complex, that comprises hydroelectricity and mining and that is extracting the valuable natural resources of one country. |
Miscellaneous |
Rizzo, Davide; Combaud, Anne; Marraccini, Elisa Factors influencing farmers' preferences about agricultural equipment supply. A literature overview Miscellaneous 2017. @misc{Rizzo2017b, title = {Factors influencing farmers' preferences about agricultural equipment supply. A literature overview}, author = {Davide Rizzo and Anne Combaud and Elisa Marraccini}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Davide_Rizzo/publication/316686499_Conf_AXM-Eurageng_N06_Farmers_preferences_review/data/590c6589aca272db9ca6e222/Conf-AXM-Eurageng-N06-Farmers-preferences-review.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-02-01}, abstract = {The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks to constraint the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm profitability by increasing farming practices efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers’ decision making and preferences about the equipment supply. The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks to constraint the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm profitability by increasing farming practices efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers’ decision making and preferences about the equipment supply. The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this processes based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers’ perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries. |
Villard, Lionel; Perruchas, François; Scherngell, Thomas; Barber, Michael; Larédo, Philippe; Gallart, Jordi Molas Metropolisation, peripheries and funding of nano sciences & technologies production in Europe Miscellaneous 2017. @misc{villard2017metropolisation, title = {Metropolisation, peripheries and funding of nano sciences & technologies production in Europe}, author = {Lionel Villard and François Perruchas and Thomas Scherngell and Michael Barber and Philippe Larédo and Jordi Molas Gallart}, url = {http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/162577}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, abstract = {There are multiple on-going debates about the geographical distribution and concentration of knowledge production worldwide. Recent work done by Grossetti et al. (2015) points to a ‘deconcentration’ process of knowledge production, visible not only at country level (linked to the periodic rise of new countries in the overall scientific production landscape, a long-lasting phenomenon), but also at metropolitan level. In a European policy context, this raises the question whether we can also identify such tendencies across the European territory, and whether this specifically applies to frontier scientific fields. In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } There are multiple on-going debates about the geographical distribution and concentration of knowledge production worldwide. Recent work done by Grossetti et al. (2015) points to a ‘deconcentration’ process of knowledge production, visible not only at country level (linked to the periodic rise of new countries in the overall scientific production landscape, a long-lasting phenomenon), but also at metropolitan level. In a European policy context, this raises the question whether we can also identify such tendencies across the European territory, and whether this specifically applies to frontier scientific fields. In this demonstration, we have addressed this question for knowledge production in the field of Nano sciences & technologies (S&T), accounting for different kinds of knowledge production (scientific, technological and project-based). The attempts to characterise the dynamics of Nano S&T are not new (Noyons et al., 2003). One pre-condition for the empirical analysis of Nano S&T is its delimitation in relevant R&I datasets. Kahane and Mogoutov (2007) have developed a fully lexical approach which remained however static (considering only the whole period covered). This has meanwhile been advanced to a ‘dynamic‘ approach (Kahane et al., 2014) where the lexical delineation evolves each year according to the field specific vocabulary produced. |
Online |
Salatino, Angelo A; Osborne, Francesco; Motta, Enrico How are topics born? Understanding the research dynamics preceding the emergence of new areas Online 2017. @online{Salatino2016, title = {How are topics born? Understanding the research dynamics preceding the emergence of new areas}, author = {Angelo A Salatino and Francesco Osborne and Enrico Motta}, url = {https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.119}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {PeerJ Computer Science}, abstract = {The ability to promptly recognise new research trends is strategic for many stakeholders, including universities, institutional funding bodies, academic publishers and companies. While the literature describes several approaches which aim to identify the emergence of new research topics early in their lifecycle, these rely on the assumption that the topic in question is already associated with a number of publications and consistently referred to by a community of researchers. Hence, detecting the emergence of a new research area at an embryonic stage, i.e., before the topic has been consistently labelled by a community of researchers and associated with a number of publications, is still an open challenge. In this paper, we begin to address this challenge by performing a study of the dynamics preceding the creation of new topics. This study indicates that the emergence of a new topic is anticipated by a significant increase in the pace of collaboration between relevant research areas, which can be seen as the ‘parents’ of the new topic. These initial findings (i) confirm our hypothesis that it is possible in principle to detect the emergence of a new topic at the embryonic stage, (ii) provide new empirical evidence supporting relevant theories in Philosophy of Science, and also (iii) suggest that new topics tend to emerge in an environment in which weakly interconnected research areas begin to cross-fertilise.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } The ability to promptly recognise new research trends is strategic for many stakeholders, including universities, institutional funding bodies, academic publishers and companies. While the literature describes several approaches which aim to identify the emergence of new research topics early in their lifecycle, these rely on the assumption that the topic in question is already associated with a number of publications and consistently referred to by a community of researchers. Hence, detecting the emergence of a new research area at an embryonic stage, i.e., before the topic has been consistently labelled by a community of researchers and associated with a number of publications, is still an open challenge. In this paper, we begin to address this challenge by performing a study of the dynamics preceding the creation of new topics. This study indicates that the emergence of a new topic is anticipated by a significant increase in the pace of collaboration between relevant research areas, which can be seen as the ‘parents’ of the new topic. These initial findings (i) confirm our hypothesis that it is possible in principle to detect the emergence of a new topic at the embryonic stage, (ii) provide new empirical evidence supporting relevant theories in Philosophy of Science, and also (iii) suggest that new topics tend to emerge in an environment in which weakly interconnected research areas begin to cross-fertilise. |
PhD Theses |
Kachani, Alexandra Struk La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat PhD Thesis Université de Bordeaux, 2017. @phdthesis{Kachani2017, title = {La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat }, author = {Alexandra Struk Kachani}, url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01734867/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, school = {Université de Bordeaux}, abstract = {Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. |
Technical Reports |
Bispo, Antonio; Gabrielle, Benoît; Makowski, David; Akkari, Monia El; Bamière, Laure; Barbottin, Aude; Bellassen, Valentin; Bessou, Cécile; Dumas, Patrice; Gaba, Sabrina; Wohlfahrt, Julie; Sandoval, Mélanie; Perchec, Sophie Le; Réchauchère, Olivier Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques Technical Report Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie 2017. @techreport{Bispo2017, title = {Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques}, author = {Antonio Bispo and Benoît Gabrielle and David Makowski and Monia El Akkari and Laure Bamière and Aude Barbottin and Valentin Bellassen and Cécile Bessou and Patrice Dumas and Sabrina Gaba and Julie Wohlfahrt and Mélanie Sandoval and Sophie Le Perchec and Olivier Réchauchère}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562314/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, pages = {68}, institution = {Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie}, abstract = {Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques. Synthèse du rapport d'étude.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Effets environnementaux des changements d'affectation des sols liés à des réorientations agricoles, forestières, ou d'échelle territoriales : une revue critique de la littérature scientifiques. Synthèse du rapport d'étude. |
Workshops |
Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Abdo, Alexandre Hannud Capturing Oncology Dynamics from Textual Content of Conference Abstracts: Word Embedding and Stochastic Block Models Workshop 2017. @workshop{cointet2017capturing, title = {Capturing Oncology Dynamics from Textual Content of Conference Abstracts: Word Embedding and Stochastic Block Models}, author = {Jean-Philippe Cointet and Alexandre Hannud Abdo}, url = {http://www.ixxi.fr/agenda/seminaires/understanding-the-dynamics-of-science-an-interdisciplinary-workshop?searchterm=Understanding+the+dynamics+of+science}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, abstract = {The availability of social data drives many scientists from the formal sciences (computer science, physics…) into the quantitative analysis of social systems. One early example of this trend is « scientometrics », the study of science’s structure and evolutions using large bibliographic datasets. Recent topics of interest in the field include the development of new formal tools to provide insights on the nature, structure and dynamics of scientific communities « bottom-up », i.e. without using predetermined classification schemes. Many scientists develop also interactive visualization platforms, or compare the pictures obtained by quantitative and qualitative methods.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {workshop} } The availability of social data drives many scientists from the formal sciences (computer science, physics…) into the quantitative analysis of social systems. One early example of this trend is « scientometrics », the study of science’s structure and evolutions using large bibliographic datasets. Recent topics of interest in the field include the development of new formal tools to provide insights on the nature, structure and dynamics of scientific communities « bottom-up », i.e. without using predetermined classification schemes. Many scientists develop also interactive visualization platforms, or compare the pictures obtained by quantitative and qualitative methods. |
2016 |
Journal Articles |
Leblond, Nelly; Trottier, Julie Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders Journal Article International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food, 23 (1), pp. 21-40, 2016. @article{leblond2016performing, title = {Performing an Invisibility Spell: Global Models, Food Regimes and Smallholders}, author = {Nelly Leblond and Julie Trottier}, url = {http://www.redgtd.org/CENTRODOC/BD_ARCHIVOS/02_Leblond&Trottier_Global_Models_Food_Regimes&Smallholders_2016.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {21-40}, abstract = {The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present construction of global representations of food and farming is problematic. For example, how can we 'know' the world needs to double food production even though we cannot foresee a food crisis? How can we estimate investment opportunities while failing to quantify their impacts on smallholders? Global models constrain the manner in which we perceive the food regime while producing such representations. We need to identify the causal relations embedded inside models' equations and why they are arrayed in this fashion. This article combines actor-network theory and structuration theory to analyse a sample of 70 global models. It locates the modules and equations of these black boxes in the sociotechnical and political context of their production. Finally, a bibliometric analysis sketches the overall epistemic community that drove models into success or extinction. Dominant global models recycle equations, modules and databases to effectuate narrow worlds. They make smallholder farming invisible in spite of its prevalence around the world. They do not address food needs and construct pixellated representations of underutilized land. They systematically favour large-scale agricultural trade and investments in production and productivity. This reflects the structure of signification modellers adhere to as well as the structure of domination they are embedded in. Securing clients ensures the success of global models independently from their validation. The article demonstrates the manner in which modelling is a social practice embedded in power relations. Considering simultaneously the structure of domination formalized inside models and surrounding modelling is crucial. Future research should investigate how various actors resort to global models to champion their goals. It should question the policy recommendations drawn from such models and their relevance as decision support tools. |
Raimbault, Benjamin; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Joly, Pierre-Benoît Mapping the emergence of synthetic biology Journal Article PloS one, 11 (9), pp. e0161522, 2016. @article{raimbault2016mapping, title = {Mapping the emergence of synthetic biology}, author = {Benjamin Raimbault and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Pierre-Benoît Joly}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161522}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {11}, number = {9}, pages = {e0161522}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, abstract = {In this paper, we apply an original scientometric analyses to a corpus comprising synthetic biology (SynBio) publications in Thomson Reuters Web of Science to characterize the emergence of this new scientific field. Three results were drawn from this empirical investigation. First, despite the exponential growth of publications, the study of population level statistics (newcomers proportion, collaboration network structure) shows that SynBio has entered a stabilization process since 2010. Second, the mapping of textual and citational networks shows that SynBio is characterized by high heterogeneity and four different approaches: the central approach, where biobrick engineering is the most widespread; genome engineering; protocell creation; and metabolic engineering. We suggest that synthetic biology acts as an umbrella term allowing for the mobilization of resources, and also serves to relate scientific content and promises of applications. Third, we observed a strong intertwinement between epistemic and socio-economic dynamics. Measuring scientific production and impact and using structural analysis data, we identified a core set of mostly American scientists. Biographical analysis shows that these central and influential scientists act as “boundary spanners,” meaning that their importance to the field lies not only in their academic contributions, but also in their capacity to interact with other social spaces that are outside the academic sphere.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we apply an original scientometric analyses to a corpus comprising synthetic biology (SynBio) publications in Thomson Reuters Web of Science to characterize the emergence of this new scientific field. Three results were drawn from this empirical investigation. First, despite the exponential growth of publications, the study of population level statistics (newcomers proportion, collaboration network structure) shows that SynBio has entered a stabilization process since 2010. Second, the mapping of textual and citational networks shows that SynBio is characterized by high heterogeneity and four different approaches: the central approach, where biobrick engineering is the most widespread; genome engineering; protocell creation; and metabolic engineering. We suggest that synthetic biology acts as an umbrella term allowing for the mobilization of resources, and also serves to relate scientific content and promises of applications. Third, we observed a strong intertwinement between epistemic and socio-economic dynamics. Measuring scientific production and impact and using structural analysis data, we identified a core set of mostly American scientists. Biographical analysis shows that these central and influential scientists act as “boundary spanners,” meaning that their importance to the field lies not only in their academic contributions, but also in their capacity to interact with other social spaces that are outside the academic sphere. |
Cornilleau, Lise La modélisation économique mondiale, une technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Généalogie, circulations et traductions d’un modèle de la sécurité alimentaire globale de l’IFPRI Journal Article Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 10 (2), pp. 171-196, 2016. @article{Cornilleau2016, title = {La modélisation économique mondiale, une technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Généalogie, circulations et traductions d’un modèle de la sécurité alimentaire globale de l’IFPRI}, author = {Lise Cornilleau}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.031.0171}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {171-196}, abstract = {Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cet article interroge le rôle de la modélisation économique mondiale dans les programmes de la Révolution Verte en Afrique : dans quelle mesure cette forme de quantification peut-elle être qualifiée de technologie de gouvernement à distance ? Nous présentons le cas du modèle IMPACT de l’International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), un centre international de recherche agronomique dont le siège est à Washington, mais présent en Afrique de l’Est via ses bureaux régionaux et nationaux. Dans un premier temps, nous traçons la généalogie de ce modèle, qui reproblématise la « faim dans le monde » et en définit les solutions par le libre-échange et la technologisation de l’agriculture. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment ce programme est implicitement voué à être territorialisé en Afrique. Pour cela, nous décrivons les circulations du modèle dans les arènes internationales, et nous analysons comment la modélisation participe également d’une forme de gouvernement à l’échelle nationale. S’inspirant des travaux sur le verrouillage à l’œuvre dans les « paquets technologiques » et financiers de la Révolution Verte, cet article décrit les modalités du lock-in idéologique dont il est le complément. |
van den Besselaar, Peter; Stout, Luka; Gou, Xiaoli Predicting panel scores by linguistic analysis Journal Article pp. 1081-1088, 2016. @article{vandenBesselaar2016, title = {Predicting panel scores by linguistic analysis}, author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Luka Stout and Xiaoli Gou}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/STI2016.2016.4543}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings}, pages = {1081-1088}, abstract = {In this paper we explore the use of text analysis for deriving quality indicators of project proposals. We do full text analysis of 3030 review reports. After term extraction, we aggregate the term occurrences to linguistic categories. Using thse linguistic categories as independent variables, we study how well these predict the grading by the review panels. Together, the different linguistic categories explain about 50% of the variance in the grading of the applications. The relative importance of the different linguistic categories inform us about the way the panels work. This can be used to develop altmetrics for the quality of the peer and panel review processes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper we explore the use of text analysis for deriving quality indicators of project proposals. We do full text analysis of 3030 review reports. After term extraction, we aggregate the term occurrences to linguistic categories. Using thse linguistic categories as independent variables, we study how well these predict the grading by the review panels. Together, the different linguistic categories explain about 50% of the variance in the grading of the applications. The relative importance of the different linguistic categories inform us about the way the panels work. This can be used to develop altmetrics for the quality of the peer and panel review processes. |
van den Besselaar, Peter; Khalili, Ali; Idrissou, Al; Loizou, Antonis; Schlobach, Stefan; van Harmelen, Frank SMS: a linked open data infrastructure for science and innovation studies Journal Article pp. 106-114, 2016. @article{vandenBesselaar2016b, title = {SMS: a linked open data infrastructure for science and innovation studies}, author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Ali Khalili and Al Idrissou and Antonis Loizou and Stefan Schlobach and Frank van Harmelen}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/STI2016.2016.4543}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings}, pages = {106-114}, abstract = {In this paper we describe a data integration infrastructure for Science Technology and Innovation (STI) studies developed within the context of the RISIS project. We outline its architecture and functionalities. In the full paper, we will show the use of the infrastructure in a complex research project. At the conference we will give a demonstration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper we describe a data integration infrastructure for Science Technology and Innovation (STI) studies developed within the context of the RISIS project. We outline its architecture and functionalities. In the full paper, we will show the use of the infrastructure in a complex research project. At the conference we will give a demonstration. |
Robinson, Douglas K R; Schoen, Antoine; Laurens, Patricia; Horellou, Süzel; Colas, Pierre; Larédo, Philippe Assessing marine biotechnology research centres in peripheral regions: developing global and local STI indicators Journal Article pp. 575-580, 2016. @article{Robinson2016, title = {Assessing marine biotechnology research centres in peripheral regions: developing global and local STI indicators}, author = {Douglas K.R. Robinson and Antoine Schoen and Patricia Laurens and Süzel Horellou and Pierre Colas and Philippe Larédo}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/STI2016.2016.4543}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings}, pages = {575-580}, abstract = {Our study tackles the challenge of developing STI indicators for assessing marine biotechnology (Blue Bio) research institutes that are geographically located in peripheral regions, far from major metropolitan areas. The promise of Blue Bio couples (a) the promise of new sources of knowledge and innovation with (b) the promise to stimulate jobs and growth2 in regions which struggle to prosper due to a number of factors (such as economic migration from peripheries to large cities, decline of traditional coastal economic activity etc.). In this paper we outline the context of Marine Biotechnology assessment, the framework that is being used, and the first results of its application.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study tackles the challenge of developing STI indicators for assessing marine biotechnology (Blue Bio) research institutes that are geographically located in peripheral regions, far from major metropolitan areas. The promise of Blue Bio couples (a) the promise of new sources of knowledge and innovation with (b) the promise to stimulate jobs and growth2 in regions which struggle to prosper due to a number of factors (such as economic migration from peripheries to large cities, decline of traditional coastal economic activity etc.). In this paper we outline the context of Marine Biotechnology assessment, the framework that is being used, and the first results of its application. |
Book Chapters |
Fausto, Sibele; Aventurier, Pascal Scientific Literature on Twitter as a subject research: findings based on bibliometric analysis Book Chapter Handbook Twitter For Research 2015 – 2016, pp. 242, EMLYON Press, 2016. @inbook{fausto2016scientific, title = {Scientific Literature on Twitter as a subject research: findings based on bibliometric analysis}, author = {Sibele Fausto and Pascal Aventurier}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297804/}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {Handbook Twitter For Research 2015 – 2016}, pages = {242}, publisher = {EMLYON Press}, abstract = {Since its launch in 2006, Internet platform Twitter has rapidly expanded. As a phenomenon of the digital era, Twitter generates a new type of research data that has received a good deal of attention in the academic literature. It has turned into a popular subject research that has been widely investigated in the academic world in different fields ranging from the Social Sciences to Health Sciences, addressing various questions, methods approaches, and covering multiple data sets. This study provides some findings of a bibliometric study which was conducted to describe the scientific literature available on Twitter with descriptive, quantitative information and also in a qualitative approach, in addition to the previous studies and designed as a contribution to a broader picture of how the evolution of the current scientific literature about Twitter is related to bibliographic data sets. Results show a variety of findings that can provide a better comprehension of this social media platform which evolved from a data source for the research to, nowadays, being a research subject itself }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Since its launch in 2006, Internet platform Twitter has rapidly expanded. As a phenomenon of the digital era, Twitter generates a new type of research data that has received a good deal of attention in the academic literature. It has turned into a popular subject research that has been widely investigated in the academic world in different fields ranging from the Social Sciences to Health Sciences, addressing various questions, methods approaches, and covering multiple data sets. This study provides some findings of a bibliometric study which was conducted to describe the scientific literature available on Twitter with descriptive, quantitative information and also in a qualitative approach, in addition to the previous studies and designed as a contribution to a broader picture of how the evolution of the current scientific literature about Twitter is related to bibliographic data sets. Results show a variety of findings that can provide a better comprehension of this social media platform which evolved from a data source for the research to, nowadays, being a research subject itself |
Tancoigne, Elise; Randles, Sally; Joly, Pierre-Benoît Evolution of a concept: a scientometric analysis of RRI Book Chapter Lindner, Ralf; Kuhlmann, Stefan; Randles, Sally; Bedsted, Bjørn; Gorgoni, Guido; Griessler, Erich; Loconto, Allison; Mejlgaard, Niels (Ed.): Navigating Towards Shared Responsibility in Research and Innovation: Approach, Process and Results of the Res-AGorA Project, pp. 40-45, 2016. @inbook{Tancoigne2016, title = {Evolution of a concept: a scientometric analysis of RRI}, author = {Elise Tancoigne and Sally Randles and Pierre-Benoît Joly}, editor = {Ralf Lindner and Stefan Kuhlmann and Sally Randles and Bjørn Bedsted and Guido Gorgoni and Erich Griessler and Allison Loconto and Niels Mejlgaard}, url = {http://irihs.ihs.ac.at/3909/1/urn_nbn_de_0011-n-3829371-3.pdf}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {Navigating Towards Shared Responsibility in Research and Innovation: Approach, Process and Results of the Res-AGorA Project}, pages = {40-45}, abstract = {Political scientists have considered the complex interac-tions between words and power for a long time. The power of words lies not only in the performativity of language – a typical situation where saying something is doing some-thing – but covers a wide range of means related to sense making, issue framing, and the control of perception and the interpretation of reality. The importance of words of power (meaning powerful actors) may be identified in different mundane operations of political life (i.e. when spin doctors elaborate elements of language) and through well-known operations such as labelling or storytelling. These strong interactions between words and power have been taken into account in various streams of public policy analysis (Fischer 2003). They are also a central theme of policy fiction such as George Orwell’s 1984 which points out the role of “Newspeak” in totalitarian states. Hence, the appearance of new expressions in policy discourse ought to be considered as a symptom of crisis and / or of potential key changes. The case of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is interesting for its own sake but also since it illustrates the key role of the European Com-mission as a political entrepreneur which heavily draws on discourse framing (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004). In this chapter, we question the power of RRI words as well as the use of RRI by powerful institutions. What is the power of RRI, i.e. (to say it roughly) a tool for recasting governance of research and innovation or a tool for washing responsi-bility (Randles et al. 2014)? Who are the actors who define /discuss / promote RRI?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Political scientists have considered the complex interac-tions between words and power for a long time. The power of words lies not only in the performativity of language – a typical situation where saying something is doing some-thing – but covers a wide range of means related to sense making, issue framing, and the control of perception and the interpretation of reality. The importance of words of power (meaning powerful actors) may be identified in different mundane operations of political life (i.e. when spin doctors elaborate elements of language) and through well-known operations such as labelling or storytelling. These strong interactions between words and power have been taken into account in various streams of public policy analysis (Fischer 2003). They are also a central theme of policy fiction such as George Orwell’s 1984 which points out the role of “Newspeak” in totalitarian states. Hence, the appearance of new expressions in policy discourse ought to be considered as a symptom of crisis and / or of potential key changes. The case of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is interesting for its own sake but also since it illustrates the key role of the European Com-mission as a political entrepreneur which heavily draws on discourse framing (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004). In this chapter, we question the power of RRI words as well as the use of RRI by powerful institutions. What is the power of RRI, i.e. (to say it roughly) a tool for recasting governance of research and innovation or a tool for washing responsi-bility (Randles et al. 2014)? Who are the actors who define /discuss / promote RRI? |
Incollections |
Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe Mapping Topics in International Climate Negotiations: A Computer-Assisted Semantic Network Approach Incollection Innovative Methods in Media and Communication Research, pp. 273-291, Springer, 2016. @incollection{baya2016mapping, title = {Mapping Topics in International Climate Negotiations: A Computer-Assisted Semantic Network Approach}, author = {Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-40700-5_14}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {Innovative Methods in Media and Communication Research}, pages = {273-291}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } Baya-Laffite and Cointet map the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations topic structure and evolution over 20 years using a digital corpus from the most renowned internal journal of the negotiations available online, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB). The authors’ methodological strategy combines text mining, network analysis and data visualization tools. The chapter shows how this mixed-method strategy applied to a digital corpus drawn from the ENB website, makes it possible to map climate change negotiations. Mixing traditional research methods and computer-assisted techniques, as well as manual and automated operations results in a series of unique new visual syntheses of the UNFCCC process. Narrating the visualizations allows distant readings of topics’ semantic structure and topic trajectories and thereby to test the robustness of the maps as well as the tools and methods used to produce them. |
Inproceedings |
Barbier, Marc; Tichit, Muriel; Gamfeldt, Lars; Hovstad, Knut Anders; Diekocer, T; Magda, Daniele; Siece, K; Weisser, Wolfgang; Soussana, Jean-François; Bengtsson, Jan Scoping challenges for multiple service provision in agroecosystems: insights from data mining in scientific literature and research projects Inproceedings 5. International EcoSummit 2016. Ecological Sustainability: Engineering Change, pp. np, 2016. BibTeX | Links: @inproceedings{barbier2016scoping, title = {Scoping challenges for multiple service provision in agroecosystems: insights from data mining in scientific literature and research projects}, author = {Marc Barbier and Muriel Tichit and Lars Gamfeldt and Knut Anders Hovstad and T Diekocer and Daniele Magda and K Siece and Wolfgang Weisser and Jean-François Soussana and Jan Bengtsson}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01603673/}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {5. International EcoSummit 2016. Ecological Sustainability: Engineering Change}, pages = {np}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Brás, Oriana Rainho; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Nunes, João Arriscado; David, Leonor; Cambrosio, Alberto Mapping the networks of cancer research in Portugal: first results Inproceedings 21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings, 2016. @inproceedings{bras2016mapping, title = {Mapping the networks of cancer research in Portugal: first results}, author = {Oriana Rainho Brás and Jean-Philippe Cointet and João Arriscado Nunes and Leonor David and Alberto Cambrosio}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/STI2016.2016.4543}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators-STI 2016. Book of Proceedings}, abstract = {Social studies of cancer research at the international level have contributed to a better understanding of the developmental dynamics – both organizational and epistemic – of this field (Keating & Cambrosio, 2012). In contrast, despite its robust development, oncology research in Portugal has been the subject of only few studies. Most of them have a strong focus on the first half of the 20th century (Raposo, 2004; Costa, 2010, 2012a; 2012b), while a few focus on more contemporary events (Nunes, 2001). Consequently, we do not have a clear picture of recent trends in oncology research in Portugal, and how it integrates into the international landscape. This hinders public accountability of oncology research while also limiting the analysis of how this research relates to health care delivery, health outcomes, and health policy formulations. This paper presents the first results of an ongoing research project on the organizational and epistemic development of oncology research in Portugal, covering the period from the end of the 20th century to 2015. Among other issues, we intend to explore the extent to which oncology research in Portugal mirrors the international dynamics at a smaller scale, and the extent to which it presents features of its own. The study draws upon computer-based analysis of publications using the platform CorText (http://www.cortext.net/) of IFRIS (Institut Francilien Recherche, Innovation, Société), along with interviews with Portuguese oncologists and related practitioners.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Social studies of cancer research at the international level have contributed to a better understanding of the developmental dynamics – both organizational and epistemic – of this field (Keating & Cambrosio, 2012). In contrast, despite its robust development, oncology research in Portugal has been the subject of only few studies. Most of them have a strong focus on the first half of the 20th century (Raposo, 2004; Costa, 2010, 2012a; 2012b), while a few focus on more contemporary events (Nunes, 2001). Consequently, we do not have a clear picture of recent trends in oncology research in Portugal, and how it integrates into the international landscape. This hinders public accountability of oncology research while also limiting the analysis of how this research relates to health care delivery, health outcomes, and health policy formulations. This paper presents the first results of an ongoing research project on the organizational and epistemic development of oncology research in Portugal, covering the period from the end of the 20th century to 2015. Among other issues, we intend to explore the extent to which oncology research in Portugal mirrors the international dynamics at a smaller scale, and the extent to which it presents features of its own. The study draws upon computer-based analysis of publications using the platform CorText (http://www.cortext.net/) of IFRIS (Institut Francilien Recherche, Innovation, Société), along with interviews with Portuguese oncologists and related practitioners. |
Fabo, Pablo Ruiz; Plancq, Clément; Poibeau, Thierry Climate Negotiation Analysis Inproceedings Digital Humanities 2016, pp. 663-666, 2016. @inproceedings{fabo2016climate, title = {Climate Negotiation Analysis}, author = {Pablo Ruiz Fabo and Clément Plancq and Thierry Poibeau}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01423299}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {Digital Humanities 2016}, pages = {663-666}, abstract = {Text analysis methods based on word co-occurrence have yielded useful results in humanities and social sciences research. Whereas these methods provide a useful overview of a corpus, they cannot determine the predicates relating co-occurring elements with each other. For instance, if France and the phrase "binding commitments" co-occur within a sentence, how are both elements related? Is France in favour of, or against binding commitments? Different natural language processing (NLP) technologies can identify related elements in text, and the predicates relating them. We are developing a workflow to analyze the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, which summarizes international climate negotiations. A sentence in this corpus can contain several verbal or nominal predicates indicating support and opposition. Results were uneven when applying Open Relation Extraction tools to this corpus. To address these challenges, we developed a workflow with a domain model, and analysis rules that exploit annotations for semantic roles and pronominal anaphora, provided by an NLP pipeline. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } Text analysis methods based on word co-occurrence have yielded useful results in humanities and social sciences research. Whereas these methods provide a useful overview of a corpus, they cannot determine the predicates relating co-occurring elements with each other. For instance, if France and the phrase "binding commitments" co-occur within a sentence, how are both elements related? Is France in favour of, or against binding commitments? Different natural language processing (NLP) technologies can identify related elements in text, and the predicates relating them. We are developing a workflow to analyze the Earth Negotiations Bulletin, which summarizes international climate negotiations. A sentence in this corpus can contain several verbal or nominal predicates indicating support and opposition. Results were uneven when applying Open Relation Extraction tools to this corpus. To address these challenges, we developed a workflow with a domain model, and analysis rules that exploit annotations for semantic roles and pronominal anaphora, provided by an NLP pipeline. |
Rykov, Yuri; Nagornyy, Oleg; Koltsova, Olessia Semantic and Geospatial Mapping of Instagram Images in Saint-Petersburg Inproceedings Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language AINL FRUCT 2016 Conference, pp. 75, 2016. @inproceedings{rykov2016semantic, title = {Semantic and Geospatial Mapping of Instagram Images in Saint-Petersburg}, author = {Yuri Rykov and Oleg Nagornyy and Olessia Koltsova}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316664797_Semantic_and_Geospatial_Mapping_of_Instagram_Images_in_Saint-Petersburg}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language AINL FRUCT 2016 Conference}, volume = {2607}, pages = {75}, abstract = {The availability of large urban social media data creates new opportunities for studying cities. In our paper we propose a new direction for this research: a joint analysis of geolocations of shared images and their content as determined by computer vision. To test our ideas, we use a dataset of 47,410 Instagram images shared in the city of St.Petersburg over one year. We show how a combination of semantic clustering, image recognition and geospatial analysis can detect important patterns related to both how people use a city and how they represent in social media.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } The availability of large urban social media data creates new opportunities for studying cities. In our paper we propose a new direction for this research: a joint analysis of geolocations of shared images and their content as determined by computer vision. To test our ideas, we use a dataset of 47,410 Instagram images shared in the city of St.Petersburg over one year. We show how a combination of semantic clustering, image recognition and geospatial analysis can detect important patterns related to both how people use a city and how they represent in social media. |
Miscellaneous |
Benbouzid, Bilel; Villard, Lionel; Cointet, Jean-Philippe Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale Miscellaneous 2016. @misc{Benbouzid2016, title = {Explorer le domaine de la recherche sur les victimations. Une approche scientometrique et structurale}, author = {Bilel Benbouzid and Lionel Villard and Jean-Philippe Cointet}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01785745}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, series = {CESDIP}, abstract = {La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } La recherche sur la victimation occupe un statut particulier dans le champ de la recherche sur le crime. L’une des plus importantes spécialistes de ce domaine de recherche aux Etats-Unis, estimait en 2010 que les grands journaux de recherche en criminologie contiennent peux d’articles sur cet objet, mais en principe des travaux de bonnes factures1. Elle soulignait que la recherche sur les victimations peine à être reconnue comme un domaine à part entière. Pour de nombreux criminologues, il s’agit tout au mieux d’un sous-domaine de petite taille et « indiscipliné » qui s’intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences des victimations. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons de tester les outils et les méthodes de fouilles de corpus bibliométriques afin de rendre compte de manière empirique de la consistance de ce domaine. Autrement-dit, c e travail a pour vocation de présenter les résultats d’une analyse scientométrique et structurale3 de domaine et d’exposer la méthodologie adoptée pour le traitement de corpus d’articles constitués à partir d’une base de données bibliométriques. L’analyse des informations contenues dans les bases de données bibliométrique est de venue une pratique courante dans le champ des sciences, mais elle est beaucoup moins systématique dans celui des sciences sociales. Elle permet pourtant la production d’informations utiles, non seulement pour les dirigeants des centres de recherche qui les envisagent comme des outils de pilotages, mais aussi pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent suivre l’évolution des domaines de recherche qui les intéressent, pourvoir s’exprimer sur la situation et explorer des questionnements de recherche de manière méthodique. Comment ce sous-domaine s’est-il développé ? Quelles sont les bases intellectuelles sur lequel il repose ? Quelles sont les disciplines d’accueil ? Quelles sont les instruments de recherche mobilisés ? Quelles sont les cadres théoriques dominants ? Quelles sont les thèmes de recherche privilégiés ? Dans quelle mesure ces thèmes ont-ils un pouvoir structurant du domaine ? Observe –t-on des « thèmes fédérateurs » favorisant la constitution de « communautés épistémiques » ? Nous présenterons dans un premiers temps la méthodologie employée qui s’inscrit dans le champ des techniques d’exploration de corpus par l’analyse de cooccurrences d’items (citations, concepts etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une présentation quantitative du corpus est proposée. Avant d’envisager une exploration à deux niveaux : une focal d’ensemble sur le domaine global de la recherche sur les victimations ; et une focale orientée sur le sous-domaine des enquêtes de victimation. |
PhD Theses |
Oulion, Marina The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies PhD Thesis LISIS, Paris-Est University, 2016. @phdthesis{Oulion2016, title = {The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies}, author = {Marina Oulion}, url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01483966}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-09-01}, school = {LISIS, Paris-Est University}, abstract = {Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese. |
Technical Reports |
van den Besselaar, Peter; Khalili, Ali; de Graaf, Klaas Andries; Idrissou, Al; Loizou, Antonis; Schlobach, Stefan; van Harmelen, Frank Towards an open infrastructure for Science, Technology and Innovation data Technical Report Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 2016, (https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf). @techreport{besselaar2016towards, title = {Towards an open infrastructure for Science, Technology and Innovation data}, author = {Peter van den Besselaar and Ali Khalili and Klaas Andries de Graaf and Al Idrissou and Antonis Loizou and Stefan Schlobach and Frank van Harmelen}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {RISIS}, institution = {Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam}, abstract = {In this paper we describe the SMS data integration platform (http://sms.risis.eu), the technical core within the RISIS data infrastructure for Science. Technology and Innovation Studies (STI). The aim of the platform is to produce richer data to be used in social research – through the integration of heterogeneous datasets, ranging from tabular statistical data to unstructured data found on the Web. We outline the platform’s architecture and functions. An example shows how the platform enables data integration in practice. In another example we illustrate how the platform can create and adapt alternatives to the OECD Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by integrating data from multiple up-to-date open data sources.}, note = {https://www.oecd.org/sti/186%20-%20VanDenBesselaar%20et%20al_RISIS.pdf}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In this paper we describe the SMS data integration platform (http://sms.risis.eu), the technical core within the RISIS data infrastructure for Science. Technology and Innovation Studies (STI). The aim of the platform is to produce richer data to be used in social research – through the integration of heterogeneous datasets, ranging from tabular statistical data to unstructured data found on the Web. We outline the platform’s architecture and functions. An example shows how the platform enables data integration in practice. In another example we illustrate how the platform can create and adapt alternatives to the OECD Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) by integrating data from multiple up-to-date open data sources. |
