2021
Books
41.
Rikap, Cecilia
Capitalism, Power and Innovation: Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism Uncovered (1st ed.) Book
London, 2021, ISBN: 9780429341489.
@book{Rikap2021,
title = {Capitalism, Power and Innovation: Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism Uncovered (1st ed.)},
author = {Cecilia Rikap},
url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780429341489/capitalism-power-innovation-cecilia-rikap},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429341489},
isbn = {9780429341489},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-29},
address = {London},
abstract = {In contemporary global capitalism, the most powerful corporations are innovation or intellectual monopolies. The book’s unique perspective focuses on how private ownership and control of knowledge and data have become a major source of rent and power. The author explains how at the one pole, these corporations concentrate income, property and power in the United States, China, and in a handful of intellectual monopolies, particularly from digital and pharmaceutical industries, while at the other pole developing countries are left further behind.
The book includes detailed empirical mappings of how intellectual monopolies develop and transform knowledge from universities and open-source collaborations into intangible assets. The result is a strategy that combines undermining the commons through privatization with harvesting from the same commons. The book ends with provoking reflections to tilt the scale against intellectual monopoly capitalism and arguing that desired changes require democratic mobilization of workers and citizens at large.
This book represents one of the first attempts to capture the contours of an emerging new era where old perspectives lead us astray, and the old policy toolbox is hopelessly inadequate. This is true for the idea that the best, or only, way to promote innovation is to transform knowledge into private property. It is also true for anti-trust policies focusing exclusively on consumer prices. The formation of global infrastructures that lead to natural monopolies calls for public rather than private ownership.
Scholars and professionals from the social sciences and humanities (in particular economics, sociology, political science, geography, educational science and science and technology studies) will enjoy a clear and all-embracing depiction of innovation dynamics in contemporary capitalism, with a particular focus on asymmetries between actors, regions and topics. In fact, its topical issue broadens the book’s scope to those curious about how innovation networks shape our world.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
In contemporary global capitalism, the most powerful corporations are innovation or intellectual monopolies. The book’s unique perspective focuses on how private ownership and control of knowledge and data have become a major source of rent and power. The author explains how at the one pole, these corporations concentrate income, property and power in the United States, China, and in a handful of intellectual monopolies, particularly from digital and pharmaceutical industries, while at the other pole developing countries are left further behind.
The book includes detailed empirical mappings of how intellectual monopolies develop and transform knowledge from universities and open-source collaborations into intangible assets. The result is a strategy that combines undermining the commons through privatization with harvesting from the same commons. The book ends with provoking reflections to tilt the scale against intellectual monopoly capitalism and arguing that desired changes require democratic mobilization of workers and citizens at large.
This book represents one of the first attempts to capture the contours of an emerging new era where old perspectives lead us astray, and the old policy toolbox is hopelessly inadequate. This is true for the idea that the best, or only, way to promote innovation is to transform knowledge into private property. It is also true for anti-trust policies focusing exclusively on consumer prices. The formation of global infrastructures that lead to natural monopolies calls for public rather than private ownership.
Scholars and professionals from the social sciences and humanities (in particular economics, sociology, political science, geography, educational science and science and technology studies) will enjoy a clear and all-embracing depiction of innovation dynamics in contemporary capitalism, with a particular focus on asymmetries between actors, regions and topics. In fact, its topical issue broadens the book’s scope to those curious about how innovation networks shape our world.
The book includes detailed empirical mappings of how intellectual monopolies develop and transform knowledge from universities and open-source collaborations into intangible assets. The result is a strategy that combines undermining the commons through privatization with harvesting from the same commons. The book ends with provoking reflections to tilt the scale against intellectual monopoly capitalism and arguing that desired changes require democratic mobilization of workers and citizens at large.
This book represents one of the first attempts to capture the contours of an emerging new era where old perspectives lead us astray, and the old policy toolbox is hopelessly inadequate. This is true for the idea that the best, or only, way to promote innovation is to transform knowledge into private property. It is also true for anti-trust policies focusing exclusively on consumer prices. The formation of global infrastructures that lead to natural monopolies calls for public rather than private ownership.
Scholars and professionals from the social sciences and humanities (in particular economics, sociology, political science, geography, educational science and science and technology studies) will enjoy a clear and all-embracing depiction of innovation dynamics in contemporary capitalism, with a particular focus on asymmetries between actors, regions and topics. In fact, its topical issue broadens the book’s scope to those curious about how innovation networks shape our world.
Conferences
42.
Malanskia, Priscila Duarte; Schiavia, Sandra; Dedieu, Benoît
Panorama des thématiques de recherche sur le travail en agriculture dans la littérature internationale Conference
15 èmes Journées de Recherche en Sciences Sociales (JRSS) Toulouse, 2021.
@conference{Malanskia2021,
title = {Panorama des thématiques de recherche sur le travail en agriculture dans la littérature internationale},
author = {Priscila Duarte Malanskia and Sandra Schiavia and Benoît Dedieu},
url = {https://www.sfer.asso.fr/source/jrss2021/articles/C22_Malanski.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-10},
address = {Toulouse},
organization = {15 èmes Journées de Recherche en Sciences Sociales (JRSS)},
abstract = {A niveau mondial, presque la moitié de la population vie en milieu rural et l’agriculture est le deuxième secteur qui emploi le plus. Néanmoins, les problématiques de terrain liées au travail en agriculture sont diverses. Études montrent que les approches disciplinaires sont les plus employés pour analyser les différentes problématiques, alors que nous considérons que, afin de
mieux les analyser, il est pertinent de prendre en compte les différentes thématiques et ses liens.
Notre objectif est de caractériser le panorama international de thématiques de recherche sur le travail en agriculture. Nous avons réalisé des analyses diachroniques et synchroniques des mots-clés des articles identifiés sur Web of Science et Scopus. Les résultats montrent que les sept objets de recherche identifiés ont suivi différentes évolutions pendant les 10 dernières
années (consolidation, émergence) et que ces objets ont été développées par six principales thématiques de recherche : allocation de la main-d’œuvre, dynamiques du marché du travail, genre et vulnérabilités, santé au travail, organisation du travail dans les exploitations, gouvernance du travail en chaînes agro-alimentaires. Ce panorama caractérise les thématiques
consolidées de la recherche sur le travail en agriculture au cours du dernier décennie et indique celles qui sont émergentes dans la littérature actuelle.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
A niveau mondial, presque la moitié de la population vie en milieu rural et l’agriculture est le deuxième secteur qui emploi le plus. Néanmoins, les problématiques de terrain liées au travail en agriculture sont diverses. Études montrent que les approches disciplinaires sont les plus employés pour analyser les différentes problématiques, alors que nous considérons que, afin de
mieux les analyser, il est pertinent de prendre en compte les différentes thématiques et ses liens.
Notre objectif est de caractériser le panorama international de thématiques de recherche sur le travail en agriculture. Nous avons réalisé des analyses diachroniques et synchroniques des mots-clés des articles identifiés sur Web of Science et Scopus. Les résultats montrent que les sept objets de recherche identifiés ont suivi différentes évolutions pendant les 10 dernières
années (consolidation, émergence) et que ces objets ont été développées par six principales thématiques de recherche : allocation de la main-d’œuvre, dynamiques du marché du travail, genre et vulnérabilités, santé au travail, organisation du travail dans les exploitations, gouvernance du travail en chaînes agro-alimentaires. Ce panorama caractérise les thématiques
consolidées de la recherche sur le travail en agriculture au cours du dernier décennie et indique celles qui sont émergentes dans la littérature actuelle.
mieux les analyser, il est pertinent de prendre en compte les différentes thématiques et ses liens.
Notre objectif est de caractériser le panorama international de thématiques de recherche sur le travail en agriculture. Nous avons réalisé des analyses diachroniques et synchroniques des mots-clés des articles identifiés sur Web of Science et Scopus. Les résultats montrent que les sept objets de recherche identifiés ont suivi différentes évolutions pendant les 10 dernières
années (consolidation, émergence) et que ces objets ont été développées par six principales thématiques de recherche : allocation de la main-d’œuvre, dynamiques du marché du travail, genre et vulnérabilités, santé au travail, organisation du travail dans les exploitations, gouvernance du travail en chaînes agro-alimentaires. Ce panorama caractérise les thématiques
consolidées de la recherche sur le travail en agriculture au cours du dernier décennie et indique celles qui sont émergentes dans la littérature actuelle.
43.
Rizzo, Davide; Marraccini, Elisa
Research topics in crop diversification research at the landscape level: early evidence from a text mining approach Conference
Landscape 2021 - Diversity for Sustainable and Resilient Agriculture, Berlin, Germany, 2021.
@conference{Rizzo2021,
title = {Research topics in crop diversification research at the landscape level: early evidence from a text mining approach},
author = {Davide Rizzo and Elisa Marraccini},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03255023},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-20},
urldate = {2021-09-20},
booktitle = {Landscape 2021 - Diversity for Sustainable and Resilient Agriculture},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
abstract = {Crop diversification has many benefits both at the cropping system and the food system levels and has been addressed in agricultural research (Hufnagel et al., 2020). Landscape design and management in agricultural regions can support crop diversification by building bridges with scientific domains like ecology and geography (Benoit et al., 2012). Though, little is known on how the research community has addressed the crop diversification within a landscape perspective. In this paper we investigated a bibliographic corpus retrieved from the Scopus database papers coupling crop diversification and landscape (in title, abstract and keywords), retrieving 461 papers for the period 1990 to 2020. The corpus was analysed using the CorText platform (e.g., Ruiz-Martinez et al., 2015). First, natural language processing was used to extract multi-terms from title, abstract and keywords. Then, we mined the temporal dynamics and co-occurrence of the 100 most frequent terms. Our findings showed that species richness emerges as the main topic in this corpus, and that natural enemies, crop types and natural control increased in importance. In the last years, genetic diversity, climate change and agricultural production also gained attention. On the contrary, land use and some of the terms related to diversity (landscape, plant and farmland) were marginal or decreasing. By analysing the terms co-occurrence on the three decades, we observed that the papers addressing crop varieties and agroforestry system split into two streams: one about agricultural production in relation to climate change and the other about farm size and land use. Instead, the functional diversity and field margin disappeared from the recent literature. Land use patterns and landscape diversity converged mainly on studies about biological pest control. Altogether, the corpus highlighted that the spatial configuration lost in importance when addressing crop diversification. In addition, the species diversity gained in attention finally catching a large part of the literature in the corpus. From a landscape approach perspective, we might point out the apparent lack of a major topic: the involvement of local community and stakeholders. Our simple and rapid text mining approach yielded early evidence of knowledge gaps about the landscape level in crop diversification literature. The expected contribution of approaching the crop diversification at the landscape level would be to provide a relevant framework for the characterisation of the baseline system to be diversified. In particular, the landscape agronomy perspective stressed the need to define the scale and target area for crop diversification consistently with (natural and cultivated) species diversity embedded in a local socio-technical system. References Hufnagel, J., Reckling, M., & Ewert, F. (2020). Diverse approaches to crop diversification in agricultural research. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(2), 1-17. Ruiz-Martinez, I., Marraccini, E., Debolini, M., & Bonari, E. (2015). Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 10(2), 74-84. Benoît, M., Rizzo, D., Marraccini, E., Moonen, A. C., Galli, M., Lardon, S., ... & Bonari, E. (2012). Landscape agronomy: a new field for addressing agricultural landscape dynamics. Landscape ecology, 27(10), 1385-1394. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Crop diversification has many benefits both at the cropping system and the food system levels and has been addressed in agricultural research (Hufnagel et al., 2020). Landscape design and management in agricultural regions can support crop diversification by building bridges with scientific domains like ecology and geography (Benoit et al., 2012). Though, little is known on how the research community has addressed the crop diversification within a landscape perspective. In this paper we investigated a bibliographic corpus retrieved from the Scopus database papers coupling crop diversification and landscape (in title, abstract and keywords), retrieving 461 papers for the period 1990 to 2020. The corpus was analysed using the CorText platform (e.g., Ruiz-Martinez et al., 2015). First, natural language processing was used to extract multi-terms from title, abstract and keywords. Then, we mined the temporal dynamics and co-occurrence of the 100 most frequent terms. Our findings showed that species richness emerges as the main topic in this corpus, and that natural enemies, crop types and natural control increased in importance. In the last years, genetic diversity, climate change and agricultural production also gained attention. On the contrary, land use and some of the terms related to diversity (landscape, plant and farmland) were marginal or decreasing. By analysing the terms co-occurrence on the three decades, we observed that the papers addressing crop varieties and agroforestry system split into two streams: one about agricultural production in relation to climate change and the other about farm size and land use. Instead, the functional diversity and field margin disappeared from the recent literature. Land use patterns and landscape diversity converged mainly on studies about biological pest control. Altogether, the corpus highlighted that the spatial configuration lost in importance when addressing crop diversification. In addition, the species diversity gained in attention finally catching a large part of the literature in the corpus. From a landscape approach perspective, we might point out the apparent lack of a major topic: the involvement of local community and stakeholders. Our simple and rapid text mining approach yielded early evidence of knowledge gaps about the landscape level in crop diversification literature. The expected contribution of approaching the crop diversification at the landscape level would be to provide a relevant framework for the characterisation of the baseline system to be diversified. In particular, the landscape agronomy perspective stressed the need to define the scale and target area for crop diversification consistently with (natural and cultivated) species diversity embedded in a local socio-technical system. References Hufnagel, J., Reckling, M., & Ewert, F. (2020). Diverse approaches to crop diversification in agricultural research. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(2), 1-17. Ruiz-Martinez, I., Marraccini, E., Debolini, M., & Bonari, E. (2015). Indicators of agricultural intensity and intensification: a review of the literature. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 10(2), 74-84. Benoît, M., Rizzo, D., Marraccini, E., Moonen, A. C., Galli, M., Lardon, S., ... & Bonari, E. (2012). Landscape agronomy: a new field for addressing agricultural landscape dynamics. Landscape ecology, 27(10), 1385-1394.
44.
Barbier, Marc
Delineating scientific domains in the literature using the CorTexT platform Conference
50° Convegno Nazionale Società Italiana di Agronomia, Udine, Italy, 2021.
@conference{Barbier2021,
title = {Delineating scientific domains in the literature using the CorTexT platform},
author = {Marc Barbier},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03367721},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-15},
urldate = {2021-09-15},
booktitle = {50° Convegno Nazionale Società Italiana di Agronomia},
address = {Udine, Italy},
abstract = {Delineating scientific domains in the literature using the CorTexT platform},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Delineating scientific domains in the literature using the CorTexT platform
45.
Milia, Matías Federico
Herramientas para la investigación digital. Introducción práctica al CorText Manager Conference
2021.
BibTeX | Links:
@conference{Millia2021,
title = {Herramientas para la investigación digital. Introducción práctica al CorText Manager},
author = {Matías Federico Milia},
url = {https://www.esocite.la/vii-escuela-doctoral/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-29},
urldate = {2021-07-29},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
46.
Benbouzid, Bilel; Villard, Lionel; Larédo, Philippe; Adie, Euan
Tentative Governance of Artificial Intelligence Regulation. Representing governance as a virtual network of documents. Conference
Eu-SPRI Annual Conference Oslo, 2021.
@conference{Benbouzid2021,
title = {Tentative Governance of Artificial Intelligence Regulation. Representing governance as a virtual network of documents.},
author = {Bilel Benbouzid and Lionel Villard and Philippe Larédo and Euan Adie},
url = {https://www.euspri2021.no/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Session-8.3.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-09},
address = {Oslo},
organization = {Eu-SPRI Annual Conference},
abstract = {The paper wishes to test our ability to use quantitative methods to track emerging arrangements in the governance of artificial intelligence regulation. We position the paper in the conceptual approach proposed by Kuhlmann Stegmaier and Konrad (2018).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
The paper wishes to test our ability to use quantitative methods to track emerging arrangements in the governance of artificial intelligence regulation. We position the paper in the conceptual approach proposed by Kuhlmann Stegmaier and Konrad (2018).
47.
Barbier, Marc; Farigoule, Pauline; Cruaud, Astrid; Rossi, Jean-Pierre
A socio-semantic analysis of the research domain on Xylella fastidiosa Conference
2021.
@conference{Barbier2021c,
title = {A socio-semantic analysis of the research domain on Xylella fastidiosa},
author = {Marc Barbier and Pauline Farigoule and Astrid Cruaud and Jean-Pierre Rossi},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03364873/file/BARBIER%20FARIGOULE%20poster_EFSA_Scientometric.pdf
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/event/210426-xylella-conf-book-abstracts.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-26},
urldate = {2021-04-26},
abstract = {The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees. Although the biology of X. fastidiosa has been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as X. fastidiosa is expanding in the naïve European landscape. We analyzed the genomes of 79 X. fastidiosa samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We showed the pathogen was recently introduced, and we generated a list of candidate genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of X. fastidiosa to new environments.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
The invasive plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen, X. fastidiosa was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees. Although the biology of X. fastidiosa has been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as X. fastidiosa is expanding in the naïve European landscape. We analyzed the genomes of 79 X. fastidiosa samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We showed the pathogen was recently introduced, and we generated a list of candidate genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of X. fastidiosa to new environments.
Book Chapters
48.
Noël, Marianne
Remaining Central and Interdisciplinary: Conditions for Success of a Research Speciality at the University of Strasbourg (1961-2011) Book Chapter
In: Kastenhofer, Karen; Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan (Ed.): Community and Identity in Contemporary Technosciences, vol. 31, pp. 41-64, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021, ISBN: 978-3-030-61728-8.
@inbook{Noël2021,
title = {Remaining Central and Interdisciplinary: Conditions for Success of a Research Speciality at the University of Strasbourg (1961-2011)},
author = {Marianne Noël},
editor = {Karen Kastenhofer and Susan Molyneux-Hodgson},
url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-61728-8_2.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-61728-8_2},
isbn = {978-3-030-61728-8},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-23},
urldate = {2021-03-23},
booktitle = {Community and Identity in Contemporary Technosciences},
volume = {31},
pages = {41-64},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Cham},
abstract = {Supramolecular chemistry (SMC), at the interface between chemistry, physics and biology, is a research domain which has grown considerably in the last 40 years. Jean-Marie Lehn was the first to lay its foundations and formalise its concepts, in a seminal article published in 1978. This work earned him the 1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, which he shared with Charles J. Pedersen (DuPont) and Donald J. Cram (UCLA). The development of SMC has led to the creation of a dedicated institute and a new building on the university campus. In this chapter, the emergence of supramolecular chemistry as a paradigm and research speciality at the University of Strasbourg (France) is reconstructed with a focus on Lehn's central role in this process, proposing a three-period chronology based on Mullins' sequential model (1972). It is furthermore argued that the creation of a physical space, with particular architecture and functions, has also played a key role in consolidating what is now called the ``Strasbourg's chemistry''. The (multi)disciplinary character of SMC is discussed in reference to the concept of ``new disciplinarity'' put forward by Marcovich and Shinn (Soc Sci Inf 50(3--4):582--6062011, Toward a new dimension: exploring the nanoscale. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Supramolecular chemistry (SMC), at the interface between chemistry, physics and biology, is a research domain which has grown considerably in the last 40 years. Jean-Marie Lehn was the first to lay its foundations and formalise its concepts, in a seminal article published in 1978. This work earned him the 1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, which he shared with Charles J. Pedersen (DuPont) and Donald J. Cram (UCLA). The development of SMC has led to the creation of a dedicated institute and a new building on the university campus. In this chapter, the emergence of supramolecular chemistry as a paradigm and research speciality at the University of Strasbourg (France) is reconstructed with a focus on Lehn's central role in this process, proposing a three-period chronology based on Mullins' sequential model (1972). It is furthermore argued that the creation of a physical space, with particular architecture and functions, has also played a key role in consolidating what is now called the ``Strasbourg's chemistry''. The (multi)disciplinary character of SMC is discussed in reference to the concept of ``new disciplinarity'' put forward by Marcovich and Shinn (Soc Sci Inf 50(3--4):582--6062011, Toward a new dimension: exploring the nanoscale. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014).
49.
Raimbault, Benjamin; Joly, Pierre-Benoit
The Emergence of Technoscientific Fields and the New Political Sociology of Science Book Chapter
In: Kastenhofer, Karen; Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan (Ed.): Community and Identity in Contemporary Technosciences, vol. 31, pp. 85–106, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021, ISBN: 978-3-030-61728-8.
@inbook{Raimbault2021,
title = {The Emergence of Technoscientific Fields and the New Political Sociology of Science},
author = {Benjamin Raimbault and Pierre-Benoit Joly},
editor = {Kastenhofer, Karen and Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61728-8_4},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-61728-8_4},
isbn = {978-3-030-61728-8},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-23},
booktitle = {Community and Identity in Contemporary Technosciences},
volume = {31},
pages = {85--106},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Cham},
abstract = {This chapter conceptualizes the emergence of a techno-scientific field (TSF) as a multiscalar and progressive establishment of a new set of epistemic and social rules. Drawing on science and technology studies and field theories, we design an original conceptual framework that allows us to formulate three propositions to characterize the process of emergence of a TSF. We use the emergence of synthetic biology (Synbio) as a `laboratory' to test this framework. Each proposition refers to a determinant dimension in the process of emergence---heterogeneity, hierarchy, and autonomy. First, we claim that heterogeneity (of disciplines, research questions, visions, social norms) is constitutive of the emergence of a new TSF. Second, the population of Synbio researchers is highly stratified; a core group of scientific entrepreneurs (incumbents and challengers) plays an active role in the process of emergence. Third, strategies for the control of external resources are crucial to the structuration of the field, which is mirrored by the prominent role of core-group members as boundary spanners. An original scientometric approach is used to create specific variables that allow us to investigate both network and field structural dynamics bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This chapter conceptualizes the emergence of a techno-scientific field (TSF) as a multiscalar and progressive establishment of a new set of epistemic and social rules. Drawing on science and technology studies and field theories, we design an original conceptual framework that allows us to formulate three propositions to characterize the process of emergence of a TSF. We use the emergence of synthetic biology (Synbio) as a `laboratory' to test this framework. Each proposition refers to a determinant dimension in the process of emergence---heterogeneity, hierarchy, and autonomy. First, we claim that heterogeneity (of disciplines, research questions, visions, social norms) is constitutive of the emergence of a new TSF. Second, the population of Synbio researchers is highly stratified; a core group of scientific entrepreneurs (incumbents and challengers) plays an active role in the process of emergence. Third, strategies for the control of external resources are crucial to the structuration of the field, which is mirrored by the prominent role of core-group members as boundary spanners. An original scientometric approach is used to create specific variables that allow us to investigate both network and field structural dynamics bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches.
50.
Juárez, Víctor José Sánchez
Performing an Invisibility Spell Exploring the media’s discourse on human migration in the aftermath of the Kerala floods and landslides of 2019 Book Chapter
In: The State of Environmental Migration 2020 A review of 2019, pp. 39-59, Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2021.
@inbook{Juárez2021,
title = {Performing an Invisibility Spell Exploring the media’s discourse on human migration in the aftermath of the Kerala floods and landslides of 2019},
author = {Víctor José Sánchez Juárez},
url = {https://www.belspo.be/belspo/brain-be/projects/FinalReports/MIGRADAPT_SEM2020.pdf
https://www.hugo.uliege.be/cms/c_7041964/en/the-state-of-environmental-migration-2020-a-review-of-2019},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-01},
urldate = {2021-03-01},
booktitle = {The State of Environmental Migration 2020 A review of 2019},
pages = {39-59},
publisher = {Presses Universitaires de Liège},
abstract = {Kerala is a Southern Indian state which underwent major floods and landslides in August 2018 and in August 2019 (see Images 2.1 and 2.2). According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), 2,675,000 disaster-related internal displacements occurred in India during 2018, of which more than half – about 1.5 million – were recorded in Kerala following the 2018 floods (IDMC, 2019). Data for new disaster-re- lated internal displacements in the country for 2019 amounted to 5 million (IDMC, 2020). Regarding the displacement linked to the 2019 Kerala floods, it is estimated that, by the end of August 2019, 251,000 Keralites had sought refuge in 1,639 relief camps across Southern India (India Today, 2019).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Kerala is a Southern Indian state which underwent major floods and landslides in August 2018 and in August 2019 (see Images 2.1 and 2.2). According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), 2,675,000 disaster-related internal displacements occurred in India during 2018, of which more than half – about 1.5 million – were recorded in Kerala following the 2018 floods (IDMC, 2019). Data for new disaster-re- lated internal displacements in the country for 2019 amounted to 5 million (IDMC, 2020). Regarding the displacement linked to the 2019 Kerala floods, it is estimated that, by the end of August 2019, 251,000 Keralites had sought refuge in 1,639 relief camps across Southern India (India Today, 2019).
Inproceedings
51.
Penteado, Bruno Elias; Fornazin, Marcelo
Detecção de inovações tecnológicas na evolução da informática educacional no Brasil Inproceedings
In: 2021: Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pp. 157-167, Sociedade Brasileira de Computação Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 | Setor 4 | Prédio 43.412 | Sala 219 | Bairro Agronomia Caixa Postal 15012 | CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre - RS, 2021.
@inproceedings{Penteado2021b,
title = {Detecção de inovações tecnológicas na evolução da informática educacional no Brasil},
author = {Bruno Elias Penteado and Marcelo Fornazin},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbie/article/view/18052/17886},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2021.218499},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-21},
urldate = {2021-11-21},
booktitle = {2021: Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação},
pages = {157-167},
address = {Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 | Setor 4 | Prédio 43.412 | Sala 219 | Bairro Agronomia Caixa Postal 15012 | CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre - RS},
organization = {Sociedade Brasileira de Computação},
series = {Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação},
abstract = {Inovações em um campo de conhecimento são geralmente cíclicas e dependentes da infraestrutura tecnológica desenvolvida. Neste trabalho buscamos caracterizar as contribuições da informática na educação ao longo dos anos, evidenciando ciclos de inovação nas pesquisas feitas na área no Brasil. Para isso, aplicamos técnicas bibliométricas na principal revista nacional deste assunto – a Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação (RBIE) entre 1997 e 2021. Três períodos homogêneos de pesquisas foram detectados, além de nove agrupamentos de temas, demonstrando a evolução desses temas ao longo dos períodos.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Inovações em um campo de conhecimento são geralmente cíclicas e dependentes da infraestrutura tecnológica desenvolvida. Neste trabalho buscamos caracterizar as contribuições da informática na educação ao longo dos anos, evidenciando ciclos de inovação nas pesquisas feitas na área no Brasil. Para isso, aplicamos técnicas bibliométricas na principal revista nacional deste assunto – a Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação (RBIE) entre 1997 e 2021. Três períodos homogêneos de pesquisas foram detectados, além de nove agrupamentos de temas, demonstrando a evolução desses temas ao longo dos períodos.
52.
Crépel, Maxime; Do, Salomé; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Cardon, Dominique; Bouachera, Yannis
Mapping AI Issues in Media Through NLP Methods Inproceedings
In: Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Humanities Research 2021, pp. 77-91, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2021.
@inproceedings{Crépel2021,
title = {Mapping AI Issues in Media Through NLP Methods},
author = {Maxime Crépel and Salomé Do and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Dominique Cardon and Yannis Bouachera},
url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2989/long_paper22.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-19},
urldate = {2021-11-19},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Humanities Research 2021},
pages = {77-91},
publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
address = {Amsterdam, the Netherlands},
series = {Computational Humanities Research 2021},
abstract = {Using a variety of NLP methods on a corpus of press articles, we show that there are two dominant regimes of criticism of artificial intelligence that coexist within the media sphere. Combining text classification algorithms to detect critical articles and a topological analysis of the terms extracted from the corpus, we reveal two semantic spaces, involving different technological and human entities, but also distinct temporality and issues. On the one hand, the algorithms that shape our daily computing environments are associated with a critical discourse on bias, discrimination, surveillance, censorship and amplification phenomena in the spread of inappropriate content. On the other hand, robots and AI, which refer to autonomous and embodied technical entities, are associated with a prophetic discourse alerting us to our ability to control these agents that simulate or exceed our physical and cognitive capacities and threaten our physical security or our economic mode.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Using a variety of NLP methods on a corpus of press articles, we show that there are two dominant regimes of criticism of artificial intelligence that coexist within the media sphere. Combining text classification algorithms to detect critical articles and a topological analysis of the terms extracted from the corpus, we reveal two semantic spaces, involving different technological and human entities, but also distinct temporality and issues. On the one hand, the algorithms that shape our daily computing environments are associated with a critical discourse on bias, discrimination, surveillance, censorship and amplification phenomena in the spread of inappropriate content. On the other hand, robots and AI, which refer to autonomous and embodied technical entities, are associated with a prophetic discourse alerting us to our ability to control these agents that simulate or exceed our physical and cognitive capacities and threaten our physical security or our economic mode.
53.
Penteado, Bruno Elias; Fornazin, Marcelo; Castro, Leonardo
The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Informatics: A Bibliometric Analysis Inproceedings
In: EPIA 2021: Progress in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 121-133, 2021.
@inproceedings{Penteado2021c,
title = {The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Informatics: A Bibliometric Analysis},
author = {Bruno Elias Penteado and Marcelo Fornazin and Leonardo Castro},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-03},
booktitle = {EPIA 2021: Progress in Artificial Intelligence},
pages = {121-133},
series = {EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) and medical informatics research fields have considerable overlap, with technologies supporting different health issues in different contexts. In this work, we aimed to map out and understand the contributions of AI in medical informatics over time. To that, we applied bibliometric analysis with scientific literature since the 1970s. The production of papers exponentially increased over time, and we found periods with similar characteristics of the content. We also identified different clusters of technologies and applications varying according to the periods and related keywords. We hypothesized some future directions for the use of AI in medical informatics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Artificial intelligence (AI) and medical informatics research fields have considerable overlap, with technologies supporting different health issues in different contexts. In this work, we aimed to map out and understand the contributions of AI in medical informatics over time. To that, we applied bibliometric analysis with scientific literature since the 1970s. The production of papers exponentially increased over time, and we found periods with similar characteristics of the content. We also identified different clusters of technologies and applications varying according to the periods and related keywords. We hypothesized some future directions for the use of AI in medical informatics.
54.
de Souza, Mariana Augusta; Malanski, Priscila Duarte; Dedieu, Benoît; de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara
Agricultural labor in global value chains: a bibliometric review from Web of Science Inproceedings
In: The International Symposium on Work in Agriculture (ISWA) 2021.
@inproceedings{deSouza2021,
title = {Agricultural labor in global value chains: a bibliometric review from Web of Science},
author = {Mariana Augusta de Souza and Priscila Duarte Malanski and Benoît Dedieu and Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi},
url = {https://symposium.inrae.fr/workinagriculture-iswa/content/download/4950/70256/version/1/file/WS1_S2_Souza_Long%20paper.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-29},
urldate = {2021-03-29},
organization = {The International Symposium on Work in Agriculture (ISWA)},
abstract = {Agricultural labor is of great importance as it employs a large part of the population and provides food and other products to everyone around the globe. However, job opportunities in this agricultural sector have been decreasing. In order to change this situation, the rural population seeks to increase productive efficiency and added value in the production stages to enter in agricultural value chains and remain in global markets. However, there are no studies that summarize the advances of the main
contribution of global value chains approach to labor studies in agriculture. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of the study was to characterize the research domains on agricultural labor in global value chains through a bibliometric review study. Our main findings are that (1) knowledge production on agricultural labor in global value chains is structured in three main research domains:
socioeconomic aspects of labor in value chains; implications of global value chains on labor; technological development of global value chains; (2) the top countries, top institutions, top journals, top authors and most-cited articles are identified. We show for the first time the overview of research on agricultural labor in global value chains indexed in Web of Science, which provides the path of references that can be used as background for further studies. The paper encourages research on new topics and collaborations between authors and institutions for such achievement.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Agricultural labor is of great importance as it employs a large part of the population and provides food and other products to everyone around the globe. However, job opportunities in this agricultural sector have been decreasing. In order to change this situation, the rural population seeks to increase productive efficiency and added value in the production stages to enter in agricultural value chains and remain in global markets. However, there are no studies that summarize the advances of the main
contribution of global value chains approach to labor studies in agriculture. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of the study was to characterize the research domains on agricultural labor in global value chains through a bibliometric review study. Our main findings are that (1) knowledge production on agricultural labor in global value chains is structured in three main research domains:
socioeconomic aspects of labor in value chains; implications of global value chains on labor; technological development of global value chains; (2) the top countries, top institutions, top journals, top authors and most-cited articles are identified. We show for the first time the overview of research on agricultural labor in global value chains indexed in Web of Science, which provides the path of references that can be used as background for further studies. The paper encourages research on new topics and collaborations between authors and institutions for such achievement.
contribution of global value chains approach to labor studies in agriculture. To fill this knowledge gap, the aim of the study was to characterize the research domains on agricultural labor in global value chains through a bibliometric review study. Our main findings are that (1) knowledge production on agricultural labor in global value chains is structured in three main research domains:
socioeconomic aspects of labor in value chains; implications of global value chains on labor; technological development of global value chains; (2) the top countries, top institutions, top journals, top authors and most-cited articles are identified. We show for the first time the overview of research on agricultural labor in global value chains indexed in Web of Science, which provides the path of references that can be used as background for further studies. The paper encourages research on new topics and collaborations between authors and institutions for such achievement.
Masters Theses
55.
Béchet, Nathalie
#IamNotaVirus: text mining analysis of the blame phenomenon and anti-asian racism on Twitter amid the Covid-19 pandemic Observation of the narrative diversity generated by hashtag activism in France Masters Thesis
2021.
@mastersthesis{Béchet2021,
title = {#IamNotaVirus: text mining analysis of the blame phenomenon and anti-asian racism on Twitter amid the Covid-19 pandemic Observation of the narrative diversity generated by hashtag activism in France},
author = {Nathalie Béchet},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349883313_IamNotaVirus_text_mining_analysis_of_the_blame_phenomenon_and_anti-asian_racism_on_Twitter_amid_the_Covid-19_pandemic_Observation_of_the_narrative_diversity_generated_by_hashtag_activism_in_France},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14680.21761},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-01},
abstract = {The hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus (#IamNotAVirus) was coined in January 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) in China as anti-Asian racist incidents gained visibility nourished by the idea that if the pandemic originated in Asia, Asian people were infected and responsible for the spread of the virus. This hashtag reached a peak on January 28th before decreasing, following the shifting curve of the blame phenomenon (Atlani-Duault et al., 2020). Certainly anti-Asian racism is not a new phenomenon, but the Covid-19 pandemic came as an enhancer for xenophobic acts and hate speeches. As Asian communities informally got together online via hashtag activism to denounce persecutions they face, we could observe how the recurring blame process amid health crises, has been worded around ethnic and cultural stigmata. The many comparisons Twitter users from our corpus tended to make with anti-Muslim sentiments in France showed just how the phenomenon at stake here is the one of using a nation's minorities as a scapegoat for local issues. This 2020 epidemic and its associated Twitter hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus, are just a salience that ought to be grasped by researchers to scrutinize the plurality of narratives around anti-Asian racism and observe how the blame phenomenon works. The present study aims to do so by applying text mining methods to thousands of tweets containing this precise hashtag from the end of January to the end of March 2020.
The present article stands for a Master Thesis presented in order to obtain a M.A. in Data Sciences and Digital Sociology from Gustave Eiffel University under the supervision of Digital Sociology associate professor Bilel Benbouzid. It hasn't been published.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
The hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus (#IamNotAVirus) was coined in January 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) in China as anti-Asian racist incidents gained visibility nourished by the idea that if the pandemic originated in Asia, Asian people were infected and responsible for the spread of the virus. This hashtag reached a peak on January 28th before decreasing, following the shifting curve of the blame phenomenon (Atlani-Duault et al., 2020). Certainly anti-Asian racism is not a new phenomenon, but the Covid-19 pandemic came as an enhancer for xenophobic acts and hate speeches. As Asian communities informally got together online via hashtag activism to denounce persecutions they face, we could observe how the recurring blame process amid health crises, has been worded around ethnic and cultural stigmata. The many comparisons Twitter users from our corpus tended to make with anti-Muslim sentiments in France showed just how the phenomenon at stake here is the one of using a nation's minorities as a scapegoat for local issues. This 2020 epidemic and its associated Twitter hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus, are just a salience that ought to be grasped by researchers to scrutinize the plurality of narratives around anti-Asian racism and observe how the blame phenomenon works. The present study aims to do so by applying text mining methods to thousands of tweets containing this precise hashtag from the end of January to the end of March 2020.
The present article stands for a Master Thesis presented in order to obtain a M.A. in Data Sciences and Digital Sociology from Gustave Eiffel University under the supervision of Digital Sociology associate professor Bilel Benbouzid. It hasn't been published.
The present article stands for a Master Thesis presented in order to obtain a M.A. in Data Sciences and Digital Sociology from Gustave Eiffel University under the supervision of Digital Sociology associate professor Bilel Benbouzid. It hasn't been published.
56.
Schüler, Jimmy
De l’innovation pour le profit, aux profits sans innovation : une monographie de l’entreprise pharmaceutique Novartis Masters Thesis
Université de Genève, 2021.
@mastersthesis{Schüler2021,
title = {De l’innovation pour le profit, aux profits sans innovation : une monographie de l’entreprise pharmaceutique Novartis},
author = {Jimmy Schüler},
editor = {Cédric Michel Durand},
url = {https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:148424
https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:148424/ATTACHMENT01},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
school = {Université de Genève},
abstract = { Notre travail propose une analyse détaillée des politiques de profit chez Novartis. Nous revenons sur ses différents modèles de production : du modèle des blockbusters à celui des traitements de niche. Nous analysons les mécanismes qui structurent la production de son innovations tels que l’externalisation de phases cliniques ou l’acquisition tardive de traitements issus de sa périphérie. Un processus de monopolisation de l’innovation permise par la position dominante du groupe au sein du secteur pharmaceutique.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
Notre travail propose une analyse détaillée des politiques de profit chez Novartis. Nous revenons sur ses différents modèles de production : du modèle des blockbusters à celui des traitements de niche. Nous analysons les mécanismes qui structurent la production de son innovations tels que l’externalisation de phases cliniques ou l’acquisition tardive de traitements issus de sa périphérie. Un processus de monopolisation de l’innovation permise par la position dominante du groupe au sein du secteur pharmaceutique.
Online
57.
Saubin, Méline; Louet, Clémentine; Bousset, Lydia; Fabre, Frédéric; Fudal, Isabelle; Grognard, Frédéric; Mailleret, Ludovic; Stoeckel, Solenn; Touzeau, Suzanne; Petre, Benjamin; Halkett, Fabien
Improving the design of sustainable crop protection strategies thanks to population genetics concepts Online
2021, visited: 01.10.2021.
@online{Saubin2021,
title = {Improving the design of sustainable crop protection strategies thanks to population genetics concepts},
author = {Méline Saubin and Clémentine Louet and Lydia Bousset and Frédéric Fabre and Isabelle Fudal and Frédéric Grognard and Ludovic Mailleret and Solenn Stoeckel and Suzanne Touzeau and Benjamin Petre and Fabien Halkett},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03394837},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-01},
urldate = {2021-10-01},
abstract = {Cropping genetically resistant plants allows to control pathogen populations while substantially reducing chemical inputs. However, resistances are often quickly defeated by pathogens. In this context, how can sustainable crop protection be achieved? This question has shaped the debate about the durability of genetic resistances in agriculture for decades, and, despite active research efforts, has not been satisfactorily answered yet. Here we demonstrate from a bibliography analysis that the research field of resistance durability evolved into two non-overlapping directions: (i) the subfield of 'epidemiology and evolution', which aims to forecast and explain pathogen population dynamics; (ii) the subfield of 'molecular interactions', which studies the molecular processes involved in the overcoming of resistance and in the dialogue between plants and pathogens. After reviewing briefly these two subfields and the gap between the corresponding research communities, we propose strategies to merge these approaches into one by using the concepts of population genetics. Ultimately, such new eco-evolutionary studies could be used to determine the best strategy for the deployment of genetically resistant cultivars by integrating, from gene to landscape, all relevant and contextual biological knowledge into sound theoretical models.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Cropping genetically resistant plants allows to control pathogen populations while substantially reducing chemical inputs. However, resistances are often quickly defeated by pathogens. In this context, how can sustainable crop protection be achieved? This question has shaped the debate about the durability of genetic resistances in agriculture for decades, and, despite active research efforts, has not been satisfactorily answered yet. Here we demonstrate from a bibliography analysis that the research field of resistance durability evolved into two non-overlapping directions: (i) the subfield of 'epidemiology and evolution', which aims to forecast and explain pathogen population dynamics; (ii) the subfield of 'molecular interactions', which studies the molecular processes involved in the overcoming of resistance and in the dialogue between plants and pathogens. After reviewing briefly these two subfields and the gap between the corresponding research communities, we propose strategies to merge these approaches into one by using the concepts of population genetics. Ultimately, such new eco-evolutionary studies could be used to determine the best strategy for the deployment of genetically resistant cultivars by integrating, from gene to landscape, all relevant and contextual biological knowledge into sound theoretical models.
58.
Ambert, Margaux; Iparraguirre, Camille; Nowak, Natacha; Villain, Chloé
Faut-il des quotas en faveur des femmes ? Online
2021.
@online{Ambert2021,
title = {Faut-il des quotas en faveur des femmes ?},
author = {Margaux Ambert and Camille Iparraguirre and Natacha Nowak and Chloé Villain},
url = {https://controverses.minesparis.psl.eu/public/promo13/promo13_G25/www.controverses-minesparistech-7.fr/_groupe25/index.html},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
abstract = {La cartographie des controverses fut crée par le sociologue français Bruno Latour, professeur et directeur scientifique à Sciences-Po Paris.
Depuis les années 2000, cette discipline enseignée à l’Ecole Normale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, à Sciences-Po Paris, mais aussi au MIT (Boston), à la Manchester University, ainsi qu’à l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
De manière générale, dans l’étude d’une controverse, la cartographie permet de traduire l’observation d’un paysage complexe dans une représentation capable de rendre sa complexité facilement lisible par toute personne. En effet, une controverse est une situation, un paysage complexe dans lequel se trouvent une multitude d’acteurs en présence poursuivant des intérêts contradictoires et facent à une pluralité d’enjeux. La cartographie permet de se construire un avis sur un objet de notre société auquel nous sommes plus ou moins directement concernés.
Concernant notre controverse sur les quotas en faveur des femmes, vous trouverez dans la rubrique Acteurs quelques schéma de quantification ainsi qu’une frise chronologique. Ici, nous rajouterons seulement quelques liens vers Cortext pour que les personnes intéressées puissent visualiser d’autres données de nos recherches.
(Le site web suivant est un exercice réalisé par des élèves de première année de l’école des mines dans le cadre du cours de Description des controverses. Ces sites sont le résultat de travail d’étudiants et sont mis en ligne pour des raisons pédagogiques et didactiques.)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
La cartographie des controverses fut crée par le sociologue français Bruno Latour, professeur et directeur scientifique à Sciences-Po Paris.
Depuis les années 2000, cette discipline enseignée à l’Ecole Normale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, à Sciences-Po Paris, mais aussi au MIT (Boston), à la Manchester University, ainsi qu’à l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
De manière générale, dans l’étude d’une controverse, la cartographie permet de traduire l’observation d’un paysage complexe dans une représentation capable de rendre sa complexité facilement lisible par toute personne. En effet, une controverse est une situation, un paysage complexe dans lequel se trouvent une multitude d’acteurs en présence poursuivant des intérêts contradictoires et facent à une pluralité d’enjeux. La cartographie permet de se construire un avis sur un objet de notre société auquel nous sommes plus ou moins directement concernés.
Concernant notre controverse sur les quotas en faveur des femmes, vous trouverez dans la rubrique Acteurs quelques schéma de quantification ainsi qu’une frise chronologique. Ici, nous rajouterons seulement quelques liens vers Cortext pour que les personnes intéressées puissent visualiser d’autres données de nos recherches.
(Le site web suivant est un exercice réalisé par des élèves de première année de l’école des mines dans le cadre du cours de Description des controverses. Ces sites sont le résultat de travail d’étudiants et sont mis en ligne pour des raisons pédagogiques et didactiques.)
Depuis les années 2000, cette discipline enseignée à l’Ecole Normale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, à Sciences-Po Paris, mais aussi au MIT (Boston), à la Manchester University, ainsi qu’à l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
De manière générale, dans l’étude d’une controverse, la cartographie permet de traduire l’observation d’un paysage complexe dans une représentation capable de rendre sa complexité facilement lisible par toute personne. En effet, une controverse est une situation, un paysage complexe dans lequel se trouvent une multitude d’acteurs en présence poursuivant des intérêts contradictoires et facent à une pluralité d’enjeux. La cartographie permet de se construire un avis sur un objet de notre société auquel nous sommes plus ou moins directement concernés.
Concernant notre controverse sur les quotas en faveur des femmes, vous trouverez dans la rubrique Acteurs quelques schéma de quantification ainsi qu’une frise chronologique. Ici, nous rajouterons seulement quelques liens vers Cortext pour que les personnes intéressées puissent visualiser d’autres données de nos recherches.
(Le site web suivant est un exercice réalisé par des élèves de première année de l’école des mines dans le cadre du cours de Description des controverses. Ces sites sont le résultat de travail d’étudiants et sont mis en ligne pour des raisons pédagogiques et didactiques.)
59.
Andro, Mathieu; Maisonneuve, Marc
Digital libraries: textual analysis for a systematic review and meta-analysis Online
2021.
@online{Andro2021,
title = {Digital libraries: textual analysis for a systematic review and meta-analysis},
author = {Mathieu Andro and Marc Maisonneuve},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03270523},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-24},
abstract = {Purpose: We seek to explore the realm of literature about digital libraries. We specifically seek to ascertain how interest in this subject has evolved, its impact, the most productive journals and countries, the number of occurrences of digital libraries, the relationships and dynamics of the main concepts mentioned, and the dynamics of metadata formats.
Methods: We extracted corpora from the Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search bibliographic databases. We analyzed the named entities and concepts contained within these corpora with the help of text mining technologies, CorTexT in particular.
Results: While the number of publications on the subject of digital libraries is increasing, their average number of citations is decreasing. China, the United States and India are the most productive countries on the subject. Literature about conservation and national libraries has gradually been replaced by literature about open access, university libraries and the relationship with users. Internet Archive is the most cited digital library in literature and continues to grow. Dublin Core is the most talked about metadata format, however the subject of metadata formats is declining in the corpus today.
Conclusion: Digital libraries now seem to be reaching the age of maturity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Purpose: We seek to explore the realm of literature about digital libraries. We specifically seek to ascertain how interest in this subject has evolved, its impact, the most productive journals and countries, the number of occurrences of digital libraries, the relationships and dynamics of the main concepts mentioned, and the dynamics of metadata formats.
Methods: We extracted corpora from the Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search bibliographic databases. We analyzed the named entities and concepts contained within these corpora with the help of text mining technologies, CorTexT in particular.
Results: While the number of publications on the subject of digital libraries is increasing, their average number of citations is decreasing. China, the United States and India are the most productive countries on the subject. Literature about conservation and national libraries has gradually been replaced by literature about open access, university libraries and the relationship with users. Internet Archive is the most cited digital library in literature and continues to grow. Dublin Core is the most talked about metadata format, however the subject of metadata formats is declining in the corpus today.
Conclusion: Digital libraries now seem to be reaching the age of maturity.
Methods: We extracted corpora from the Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search bibliographic databases. We analyzed the named entities and concepts contained within these corpora with the help of text mining technologies, CorTexT in particular.
Results: While the number of publications on the subject of digital libraries is increasing, their average number of citations is decreasing. China, the United States and India are the most productive countries on the subject. Literature about conservation and national libraries has gradually been replaced by literature about open access, university libraries and the relationship with users. Internet Archive is the most cited digital library in literature and continues to grow. Dublin Core is the most talked about metadata format, however the subject of metadata formats is declining in the corpus today.
Conclusion: Digital libraries now seem to be reaching the age of maturity.
60.
Bernard, Alexander; Bartelds, Michiel; Rojas, Cristobal Marin; Moss, Christin; Ucar, Ece
Conspiracy theories in the age of Covid-19. A comparative analysis of France and the UK. Online
Science Po 2021.
@online{Bernard2021,
title = {Conspiracy theories in the age of Covid-19. A comparative analysis of France and the UK.},
author = {Alexander Bernard and Michiel Bartelds and Cristobal Marin Rojas and Christin Moss and Ece Ucar},
url = {https://fonio.medialab.sciences-po.fr/alaris/read/99fd5a0c-42e3-483a-991c-15de519db3db?lang=en},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-01},
organization = {Science Po},
abstract = {Since its beginning, the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the world order. Other than showing the flaws in health care systems worldwide, the crisis also unveiled a number of deeply rooted conspiracy theories that either linked the Covid-19 pandemic to existing conspiratory frames or designed new theories around the pandemic.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
Since its beginning, the Covid-19 crisis has disrupted the world order. Other than showing the flaws in health care systems worldwide, the crisis also unveiled a number of deeply rooted conspiracy theories that either linked the Covid-19 pandemic to existing conspiratory frames or designed new theories around the pandemic.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.
Although online conspiracy-spreading communities are certainly not a new phenomenon, they proliferated on social media more than ever before during the Covid-19 pandemic . This happened as social media, as a source of knowledge and information about current affairs, became even more important due to the unknown nature of the virus .
Different types of Covid-19 conspiracy theories can be distinguished. Some adherents believe in conspiracy theories related to vaccine safety whereas others believe that reported Covid-19 death rates are deliberately greatly exaggerated. Moreover, even 5G technology has been accused for activating the virus inside the human body. Similarly, there is a tendency to believe in the powerful countries' and organisations' role in the "creation" of the virus. For example, a YouGov survey found
that 28% of Britons and 36% of French think that the pandemic's emergence is connected to a single group of people who "control the events and rule the world together." This is further supported by a study
conducted in 2021 by the Cevipof political research center indicating a high rate of government suspicion among the population.
61.
Bento, Nuno; Fontes, Margarida
Legitimacy and Guidance in Upscaling Energy Technology Innovations Online
SCTE-IUL 2021.
@online{Bento2021,
title = {Legitimacy and Guidance in Upscaling Energy Technology Innovations},
author = {Nuno Bento and Margarida Fontes},
url = {https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/21960/4/WP_2021-01.pdf},
doi = {10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.01},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-28},
organization = {SCTE-IUL},
abstract = {The paper aims to improve the understanding about the role of expectations and key innovation processes, such as legitimation and guidance, in the upscaling of low-carbon innovations. We analyze roadmaps developed for floating offshore wind energy to investigate how actors prepare for system growth. We focus on how roadmaps contribute to the formation and sharing of expectations through their influence on system acceptability (legitimacy) and attractiveness (guidance), enabling access to crucial resources. The analysis reveals that institutional and technological context affect guidance, namely a higher external openness as technology matures and governments are involved. An actors’ survey finds that overpromising reduces roadmaps impact on expectations. Analyses of media coverage and Internet searches show that roadmaps affect public perceptions indirectly, through the promotion of experiments. Implications include new directions for conceptualizing legitimacy, guidance and expectations in technological innovation systems, as well as recommendations for managing key processes in systems’ upscaling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
The paper aims to improve the understanding about the role of expectations and key innovation processes, such as legitimation and guidance, in the upscaling of low-carbon innovations. We analyze roadmaps developed for floating offshore wind energy to investigate how actors prepare for system growth. We focus on how roadmaps contribute to the formation and sharing of expectations through their influence on system acceptability (legitimacy) and attractiveness (guidance), enabling access to crucial resources. The analysis reveals that institutional and technological context affect guidance, namely a higher external openness as technology matures and governments are involved. An actors’ survey finds that overpromising reduces roadmaps impact on expectations. Analyses of media coverage and Internet searches show that roadmaps affect public perceptions indirectly, through the promotion of experiments. Implications include new directions for conceptualizing legitimacy, guidance and expectations in technological innovation systems, as well as recommendations for managing key processes in systems’ upscaling.
PhD Theses
62.
Blank-Gomel, Rony
Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective PhD Thesis
McGill University, 2021.
@phdthesis{Blank-Gomel2021,
title = {Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective},
author = { Rony Blank-Gomel},
url = {https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/vt150p658},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-19},
address = {Montréal},
school = {McGill University},
abstract = {Traffic accidents generate a heavy burden in deaths, bodily harm and monetary costs, and there are growing concerns regarding the unintended consequences of traffic safety policies. Yet, they are marginal in the sociological literature. Drawing on the sociology of knowledge, I explore the construction and spread of truth claims regarding traffic accidents and traffic safety, focusing on accounts of the risks of cycling and specifically the role of bicycle helmets. I use this case to contribute to several sociological debates.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Traffic accidents generate a heavy burden in deaths, bodily harm and monetary costs, and there are growing concerns regarding the unintended consequences of traffic safety policies. Yet, they are marginal in the sociological literature. Drawing on the sociology of knowledge, I explore the construction and spread of truth claims regarding traffic accidents and traffic safety, focusing on accounts of the risks of cycling and specifically the role of bicycle helmets. I use this case to contribute to several sociological debates.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.
I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.
In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.
In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.
In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.
The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.
Technical Reports
63.
van der Pol, Johannes; Rameshkoumar, Jean Paul; Dhuit, Ines
L’Impact du financement de la recherche : La 5G Technical Report
2021, (hal-03523279).
@techreport{vanderPol2021,
title = {L’Impact du financement de la recherche : La 5G},
author = {Johannes van der Pol and Jean Paul Rameshkoumar and Ines Dhuit},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03523279v1},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-22},
abstract = {L’objectif de ce rapport est d’analyser l’impact du financement de la recherche dans le domaine de la 5G. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous commençons par identifier les sources de financements des acteurs français à partir des communications scientifiques. Par une étude comparative des communications financées et non-financées nous analysons l’impact des financements sur l’excellence de la recherche, sur les écosystèmes et sur les thématiques traitées.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.},
note = {hal-03523279},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’objectif de ce rapport est d’analyser l’impact du financement de la recherche dans le domaine de la 5G. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous commençons par identifier les sources de financements des acteurs français à partir des communications scientifiques. Par une étude comparative des communications financées et non-financées nous analysons l’impact des financements sur l’excellence de la recherche, sur les écosystèmes et sur les thématiques traitées.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.
Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse de la place de la France dans les projets européens (montants reçus, écosystème et thématiques). La même approche est mise en œuvre sur les projets financés par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
Pour faire un lien entre le monde de la recherche et le monde industriel, nous focalisons ensuite sur les brevets essentiels à la norme 5G. Cette analyse a pour objectif de mesurer la capacité de la France à transformer sa recherche en actifs industriels et valoriser la recherche financée.
Le dernier chapitre conclura et proposera des recommandations pour le développement de la 6G.
64.
Comité d’experts, ANSES
Exposition aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie "5G" Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{d’expertsd’experts2021,
title = {Exposition aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie "5G"},
author = {Comité d’experts, ANSES},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/AP2019SA0006RA-2.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-09},
abstract = {L’Anses a été saisie le 9 janvier 2019 par les ministères en charge de la santé, de l’environnement et de l’économie pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : « Exposition de la population aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie de communication « 5G » et effets sanitaires associés ».},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’Anses a été saisie le 9 janvier 2019 par les ministères en charge de la santé, de l’environnement et de l’économie pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : « Exposition de la population aux champs électromagnétiques liée au déploiement de la technologie de communication « 5G » et effets sanitaires associés ».
65.
Dashkina, Regina; Barbier, Marc; Richard, Guy; Bethinger, Audrey; Caillaud, Marc Antoine; Donnars, Catherine; Girard, Agnès; Girard, Kim; Mouël, Chantal Le; Perchec, Sophie Le; Leenhardt, Sophie; Lelievre, Virginie; Leiser, Hugues; Mora, Olivier; Raulet, Mégane; Réchauchère, Olivier; Savini, Isabelle; Tibi, Anaïs
Analyse des 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective réalisées par l’Inra de 2000 à 2020. Résumé du volume 1: analyse textuelle des résumés, INRAE (France): 20 ans d’expertise scientifique collective, de prospective et d’étude à l ’INRA. Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Dashkina2021,
title = {Analyse des 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective réalisées par l’Inra de 2000 à 2020. Résumé du volume 1: analyse textuelle des résumés, INRAE (France): 20 ans d’expertise scientifique collective, de prospective et d’étude à l ’INRA.},
author = {Regina Dashkina and Marc Barbier and Guy Richard and Audrey Bethinger and Marc Antoine Caillaud and Catherine Donnars and Agnès Girard and Kim Girard and Chantal Le Mouël and Sophie Le Perchec and Sophie Leenhardt and Virginie Lelievre and Hugues Leiser and Olivier Mora and Mégane Raulet and Olivier Réchauchère and Isabelle Savini and Anaïs Tibi},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03250597},
doi = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03250597},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-25},
urldate = {2021-06-25},
abstract = {Depuis le début des années 2000, l’Inra, devenu INRAE le 1er janvier 2020, a conduit 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective sur des thématiques relevant de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de l’environnement. C’est une activité très importante pour l’institut, inscrite dans les missions d’un Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique et Technique (EPST), à une période où l’expertise scientifique est à la fois fortement sollicitée et controversée au sein de la société. En revenant sur les productions issues de cette activité d’expertise au sens large, il est possible d’analyser les contenus thématiques déployés sur une vingtaine d’années pour caractériser et s’interroger sur la nature des questions et des sujets confiés à l’Inra en vue d’éclairer la décision publique et les débats publics dans leur ensemble. Pour conduire une telle analyse réflexive, nous avons mobilisé des outils et des compétences venant des « data sciences », plus particulièrement le logiciel d’analyse textuelle Iramuteq1 et les outils en ligne de la plateforme CorTexT2. La mise en œuvre de ces instruments a été accompagnée par une Master Class à destination des agents de la Direction de l’Expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études (DEPE) d’INRAE de façon à développer les compétences individuelles et collectives en analyse textuelle et à mobiliser les savoir-faire dans la constitution des corpus analysés. La synthèse ci-après présente les résultats d’une partie des analyses réalisées sur le corpus constitué des résumés (d’une dizaine de pages) des trois types d’opérations conduites depuis 2000 : 17 expertises scientifiques collectives, 11 études et 16 prospectives. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Depuis le début des années 2000, l’Inra, devenu INRAE le 1er janvier 2020, a conduit 44 opérations d’expertise scientifique collective, d’étude et de prospective sur des thématiques relevant de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de l’environnement. C’est une activité très importante pour l’institut, inscrite dans les missions d’un Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique et Technique (EPST), à une période où l’expertise scientifique est à la fois fortement sollicitée et controversée au sein de la société. En revenant sur les productions issues de cette activité d’expertise au sens large, il est possible d’analyser les contenus thématiques déployés sur une vingtaine d’années pour caractériser et s’interroger sur la nature des questions et des sujets confiés à l’Inra en vue d’éclairer la décision publique et les débats publics dans leur ensemble. Pour conduire une telle analyse réflexive, nous avons mobilisé des outils et des compétences venant des « data sciences », plus particulièrement le logiciel d’analyse textuelle Iramuteq1 et les outils en ligne de la plateforme CorTexT2. La mise en œuvre de ces instruments a été accompagnée par une Master Class à destination des agents de la Direction de l’Expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études (DEPE) d’INRAE de façon à développer les compétences individuelles et collectives en analyse textuelle et à mobiliser les savoir-faire dans la constitution des corpus analysés. La synthèse ci-après présente les résultats d’une partie des analyses réalisées sur le corpus constitué des résumés (d’une dizaine de pages) des trois types d’opérations conduites depuis 2000 : 17 expertises scientifiques collectives, 11 études et 16 prospectives.
66.
Toffolini, Quentin
Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ». Technical Report
INRAE UMR Agronomie 2021.
@techreport{Toffolini2021,
title = { Analyse quantitative et sémantique de la littérature scientifique liée à l'« innovation ouverte » : Rapport d’étude dans le cadre du « chantier Innovation Ouverte INRAE ».},
author = {Quentin Toffolini},
url = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527/file/2021-05-11-analyse-semantique-IO-rapport-diff.pdf},
doi = {https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03262527},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-16},
institution = {INRAE UMR Agronomie},
abstract = {Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation) },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Objectifs de l’étude et méthodes
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
L’analyse quantitative et sémantique des articles traitant d’innovation ouverte vise :
- d’une part, à rendre intelligible et analyser ce que l’« innovation ouverte » (IO) recouvre et signifie pour le monde de la recherche, pour équiper une réflexion sur ce qu’elle implique spécifiquement pour les recherches dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de l’environnement et de l’alimentation avec leurs variétés d’objets (pratiques agricoles, biens communs environnementaux, technologies agroalimentaires...)
- de compléter éventuellement les dimensions à analyser au sein des dispositifs qui relèvent de l’IO dans les activités de l’institut INRAE, et ce qu’ils transforment (ex. les relations partenariales, le rôle de la recherche, les questions scientifiques traitées, les créations et partages de valeurs).
L’analyse du corpus de publications scientifiques répond alors à différentes questions : quels sont les thèmes, objets, et questions qui animent les communautés mobilisant le concept d’IO ? Est-ce que les apports de la littérature IO peuvent aider à appréhender, décrire, développer ou s’engager dans des dispositifs relevant d’une ouverture des recherches ou de l’innovation à des acteurs de la société ? L’analyse se base sur un corpus de 5413 références issues de la base de données Scopus, interrogée
avec une requête simple sur les termes liés à « open innovation » recherchés dans les titres, résumés et mots clés, entre 2003 et 20191. Ce corpus n’a pas été retravaillé, l’objectif n’étant pas de cibler au mieux les références qui seraient au cœur des travaux le plus directement associés au concept d’IO, mais bien d’analyser l’ensemble des travaux que le concept et sa mobilisation recouvrent.
Une diversification récente des domaines disciplinaires, malgré la prépondérance du management. Des recoupements encore rares avec les domaines d’INRAE (agriculture, environnement, alimentation)
67.
Versini, Pierre-Antoine; Al-Sayah, Mario; Schertzer, Daniel
Action A1 - Analyse des freins et leviers à la mise en œuvre de SafN Inventaire des formations initiales et continues Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Versini2021,
title = {Action A1 - Analyse des freins et leviers à la mise en œuvre de SafN Inventaire des formations initiales et continues},
author = {Pierre-Antoine Versini and Mario Al-Sayah and Daniel Schertzer},
url = {https://ofb.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/Fichiers/Doc%20technique/Livrable_A1-ENPC_VF2.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-01},
urldate = {2021-05-01},
abstract = {Le présent livrable s’intéresse à l’inventaire des formations initiales et continues existantes en lien avec les Solutions d’adaptation fondées sur la Nature (SafN). Réalisé dans le cadre de l’Action A1 du projet ARTISAN, il vise à : (i) analyser comment les SafN sont introduites dans ces formations (quelle(s) SafN, à travers quelle(s) thématique(s)...), (ii) dresser une cartographie de l’offre actuelle de formations en fonction de leurs spécificités, et (iii) lister des manques à combler et des pistes de réflexion qui seront valoriser dans l’Action C4 dédiée au développement de formations. Les conclusions principales de ces travaux sont synthétisées ci-dessous.
Une méta-analyse des contenus des Masters a été réalisée à l’aide de l’outil de text-mining CorText (https://www.cortext.net/about-us/). CorText est une plateforme de développement méthodologique, d’ingénierie logicielle et d’appui à l’analyse de corpus textuels. Elle permet de traiter, caractériser, analyser et quantifier des données textuelles peu ou pas calibrées. Cet outil a été utilisé ici pour analyser en profondeur les contenus des présentations de Masters (données textuelles peu structurées) qui correspondent à des documents hétérogènes, contenant pourtant des informations similaires. Il permet de transformer un texte brut en tableaux lexicaux ou des tableaux de contingence qui facilitent ensuite une analyse globale de l’ensemble. Cette méta-analyse s’est focalisée sur les informations contenues dans les catégories « Objectifs », « Compétences » et « Enseignements » des Masters pour en dresser et caractériser leur écosystème. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur l’ensemble des Masters (210) à connotation environnementale dont les responsables ont été sollicités. Deux sous-groupes (corpus) ont ensuite été identifiés : l’un contenant tous les Masters sélectionnés dans l’inventaire (catégories « inventaire », « 1er cercle » et « référence ») et ayant un lien plus ou moins fort avec les SafN (Groupe « SafN »), l’autre contenant tous les autres Masters (Groupe « Non-SafN »).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Le présent livrable s’intéresse à l’inventaire des formations initiales et continues existantes en lien avec les Solutions d’adaptation fondées sur la Nature (SafN). Réalisé dans le cadre de l’Action A1 du projet ARTISAN, il vise à : (i) analyser comment les SafN sont introduites dans ces formations (quelle(s) SafN, à travers quelle(s) thématique(s)...), (ii) dresser une cartographie de l’offre actuelle de formations en fonction de leurs spécificités, et (iii) lister des manques à combler et des pistes de réflexion qui seront valoriser dans l’Action C4 dédiée au développement de formations. Les conclusions principales de ces travaux sont synthétisées ci-dessous.
Une méta-analyse des contenus des Masters a été réalisée à l’aide de l’outil de text-mining CorText (https://www.cortext.net/about-us/). CorText est une plateforme de développement méthodologique, d’ingénierie logicielle et d’appui à l’analyse de corpus textuels. Elle permet de traiter, caractériser, analyser et quantifier des données textuelles peu ou pas calibrées. Cet outil a été utilisé ici pour analyser en profondeur les contenus des présentations de Masters (données textuelles peu structurées) qui correspondent à des documents hétérogènes, contenant pourtant des informations similaires. Il permet de transformer un texte brut en tableaux lexicaux ou des tableaux de contingence qui facilitent ensuite une analyse globale de l’ensemble. Cette méta-analyse s’est focalisée sur les informations contenues dans les catégories « Objectifs », « Compétences » et « Enseignements » des Masters pour en dresser et caractériser leur écosystème. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur l’ensemble des Masters (210) à connotation environnementale dont les responsables ont été sollicités. Deux sous-groupes (corpus) ont ensuite été identifiés : l’un contenant tous les Masters sélectionnés dans l’inventaire (catégories « inventaire », « 1er cercle » et « référence ») et ayant un lien plus ou moins fort avec les SafN (Groupe « SafN »), l’autre contenant tous les autres Masters (Groupe « Non-SafN »).
Une méta-analyse des contenus des Masters a été réalisée à l’aide de l’outil de text-mining CorText (https://www.cortext.net/about-us/). CorText est une plateforme de développement méthodologique, d’ingénierie logicielle et d’appui à l’analyse de corpus textuels. Elle permet de traiter, caractériser, analyser et quantifier des données textuelles peu ou pas calibrées. Cet outil a été utilisé ici pour analyser en profondeur les contenus des présentations de Masters (données textuelles peu structurées) qui correspondent à des documents hétérogènes, contenant pourtant des informations similaires. Il permet de transformer un texte brut en tableaux lexicaux ou des tableaux de contingence qui facilitent ensuite une analyse globale de l’ensemble. Cette méta-analyse s’est focalisée sur les informations contenues dans les catégories « Objectifs », « Compétences » et « Enseignements » des Masters pour en dresser et caractériser leur écosystème. Cette analyse a été réalisée sur l’ensemble des Masters (210) à connotation environnementale dont les responsables ont été sollicités. Deux sous-groupes (corpus) ont ensuite été identifiés : l’un contenant tous les Masters sélectionnés dans l’inventaire (catégories « inventaire », « 1er cercle » et « référence ») et ayant un lien plus ou moins fort avec les SafN (Groupe « SafN »), l’autre contenant tous les autres Masters (Groupe « Non-SafN »).
68.
Demortain, David; Féron, Aurélien; Barbier, Marc
La littérature scientifique sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires. Une analyse scientométrique. Technical Report
ANSES 2021.
@techreport{Demortain2021,
title = {La littérature scientifique sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires. Une analyse scientométrique.},
author = {David Demortain and Aurélien Féron and Marc Barbier},
url = {https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/RapportFinal-CRD_Radiofrequences_ANSES-LISIS-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-09},
institution = {ANSES},
abstract = {Le sujet des radiofréquences et de la santé est un sujet qui a été examiné à différentes reprises ces vingt dernières années, que soit par l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire et du Travail, ou l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES). Les différents rapports d’expertise produit sont concerné les effets sanitaires des radiofréquences (2009, 2013), les débits d’absorption spécifiques (2019), l’exposition des enfants aux radiofréquences (2016), les compteurs communicants(2017), l’électro-hypersensibilité(2018). Chacun des rapports a mobilisé des spécialités scientifiques diverses, de la dosimétrie à la biologie des radiations, en passant par la bio-électromagnétique et l’épidémiologie.Si l’on représente les aires bibliographiques plus ou moins larges que représente chaque rapport, on obtient l’image d’un champ de recherche particulièrement vaste et composite. Les rapports ont utilisé un ensemble de références communes, qui incarnent le cœur ou les cœurs du sujet.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Le sujet des radiofréquences et de la santé est un sujet qui a été examiné à différentes reprises ces vingt dernières années, que soit par l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire et du Travail, ou l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES). Les différents rapports d’expertise produit sont concerné les effets sanitaires des radiofréquences (2009, 2013), les débits d’absorption spécifiques (2019), l’exposition des enfants aux radiofréquences (2016), les compteurs communicants(2017), l’électro-hypersensibilité(2018). Chacun des rapports a mobilisé des spécialités scientifiques diverses, de la dosimétrie à la biologie des radiations, en passant par la bio-électromagnétique et l’épidémiologie.Si l’on représente les aires bibliographiques plus ou moins larges que représente chaque rapport, on obtient l’image d’un champ de recherche particulièrement vaste et composite. Les rapports ont utilisé un ensemble de références communes, qui incarnent le cœur ou les cœurs du sujet.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.
La scientométrie, discipline de l’analyse quantitative des textes scientifiques, est une des méthodes qui permet d’appréhender ce ou ces champs de recherche imbriqués, et ce de manière holistique. Le travail de scientométrie présenté ici vise à analyser le champ des publications scientifiques portant sur l’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF) et leurs effets biologiques et sanitaires,à l’échelle internationale depuis les années 1996.Le travail vise à appréhender l’ensemble des spécialités et aires de recherche qui participent de l’étude des radiofréquences et de la santé, et leurs inter-relations. Il est guidé par une question d’ensemble: en matière de radiofréquences et santé, qui travaille sur quoi, et avec qui? Cette question descriptive permet de tirer des enseignements sur un ensemble d’autres questions :faut-il approcher le sujet radiofréquences et santé comme un ensemble d’aires de recherches liées les unes aux autres par quelques spécialistes ou collectifs et auteurs clés, ou existe-t-il une aire de recherche interdisciplinaire centrale en la matière ? Y a-t-il une diversité de réseaux de recherche distincts sur le sujet, ou peut-on distinguer des réseaux plus centraux et intégrateurs ?Si oui, sur quoi se spécialisent-ils, quelles questions posent-ils (et ne posent-ils pas)? Quels effets sanitaires et quelles technologies émettrices d’onde regardent-ils prioritairement? Dans quelle mesure et comment ces groupes structurent-ils l’offre d’expertise scientifique? Les analyses présentées dans ce rapport ont été principalement réalisées avec l’outil informatique de la plateforme CorText, appelé CorText Manager, sur un corpus de 25980 notices bibliographiques collectées via Scopus le 06/05/2019. Le corpus généré est un corpus que l’on peut considérer comme large, et hétérogène en termes de spécialités scientifiques. Le corpus est donc calibré pour attraper la diversité des sous-champs et de réseaux de recherches sur les radiofréquences et santé, et analyser la structure d’ensemble de leurs relations, plus qu’il n’est conçu pour faire l’analyse fine, indépendante, de sous-champs ou de réseaux faisant partie du champ d’ensemble. Le rapport est structuré en cinq parties. La première introduit la méthode suivie pour constituer le corpus, et explicite les effets de la requête choisie pour interroger la base de données Scopus. La deuxième partie présente un ensemble de tableaux généraux des publications constituant le corpus. La troisième partie rentre dans l’analyse de la structure du champ de recherche, par l’intermédiaire de la visualisation des réseaux de co-publication. La quatrième partie croise les données sur les auteurs, avec les données sur la fréquence des termes décrivant ce sur quoi ils travaillent (technologies, effets). La cinquième partie localise les scientifiques agissant comme expert dans différents organismes dans le champ de recherche, afin de proposer des analyses sur la question de savoir quelle science, et quels réseaux de recherche sont mobilisés dans l’expertise.
69.
Snapp, Sieglinde; Kebede, Yodit; Wollenberg, Lini; Dittmer, Kyle M.; Brickman, Sarah; Egler, Cecelia; Shelton, Sadie
Agroecology & climate change rapid evidence review: Performance of agroecological approaches in low- and middle- income countries. Technical Report
CGIAR 2021.
@techreport{SNAPP2021,
title = {Agroecology & climate change rapid evidence review: Performance of agroecological approaches in low- and middle- income countries. },
author = {Sieglinde Snapp and Yodit Kebede and Lini Wollenberg and Kyle M. Dittmer and Sarah Brickman and Cecelia Egler and Sadie Shelton},
editor = {Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)},
url = {https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/113487/CCAFS%20FCDO%20AE%20Review%202021.pdf?sequence=5},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-01},
urldate = {2021-04-01},
institution = {CGIAR},
abstract = {The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change adaptation was farm diversification (strong evidence and high agreement ). This included positive impacts of diversification on pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility. The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change mitigation was tropical agroforestry, which had associated sequestration of carbon in biomass and soil. In general, agroecology impacts on climate change mitigation were primarily substantial carbon sequestration benefits (medium evidence, high agreement). There was also evidence – primarily from the Global North – that mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is often associated with organic farming and ecological management of nutrients (medium evidence, medium agreement). However, a large data gap was found for agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, with almost no evidence from the Global South. There were also evidence gaps for agroecology approaches involving livestock integration, landscape-scale redesign and for multi-scalar analysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change adaptation was farm diversification (strong evidence and high agreement ). This included positive impacts of diversification on pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, water regulation and soil fertility. The agroecological approach with the strongest body of evidence for impacts on climate change mitigation was tropical agroforestry, which had associated sequestration of carbon in biomass and soil. In general, agroecology impacts on climate change mitigation were primarily substantial carbon sequestration benefits (medium evidence, high agreement). There was also evidence – primarily from the Global North – that mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is often associated with organic farming and ecological management of nutrients (medium evidence, medium agreement). However, a large data gap was found for agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, with almost no evidence from the Global South. There were also evidence gaps for agroecology approaches involving livestock integration, landscape-scale redesign and for multi-scalar analysis.
70.
Comité d’experts, ANSES
Expositions aux champs électromagnétiques liées au déploiement de la technologie de communication «5G» et effets sanitaires éventuels associés Technical Report
ANSES Maisons-Alfort, no. 2019-SA-0006, 2021, (Rapport d’expertise collective).
@techreport{ANSES2021,
title = {Expositions aux champs électromagnétiques liées au déploiement de la technologie de communication «5G» et effets sanitaires éventuels associés},
author = {Comité d’experts, ANSES},
url = {https://www.actu-environnement.com/media/pdf/news-37400-rapport-5G-anses.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-31},
number = {2019-SA-0006},
address = {Maisons-Alfort},
institution = {ANSES},
abstract = {La 5G est la norme technique de téléphonie mobile de 5e génération et, à ce titre, elle succède à la 4G et peut être utilisée en complément de la 2G, de la 3G et de la 4G. Les principales caractéristiques de cette technologie ont été décrites dans le rapport préliminaire publié par l’Anses en janvier 2020 (Anses, 2020). La norme 5G est plus particulièrement ouverte et flexible, tant au niveau de la configuration que des usages (téléphonie mobile à haut débit, Internet des objets, conduite automatique, télémédecine, etc.). La 5G peut être déployée de plusieurs manières différentes, relatives aux bandes de fréquences et à son infrastructure (mode «stand alone» et «non stand alone»). Le «refarming», par exemple, consiste à utiliser, pour la 5G, une bande de fréquences allouée à la 4G. Cette réallocation permet donc d’émettre de la 5G avec des antennes conventionnelles.Le partage dynamique du spectre fréquentiel -Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)-, quant à lui, permet d’émettre simultanément de la 4G et de la 5G dans une même bande de fréquences.L’agrégation de porteuses consiste à utiliser, de manière adaptative et dynamique, plusieurs bandes de fréquences, ce qui permet d’accroître le débit en fonction des bandes disponibles.},
note = {Rapport d’expertise collective},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
La 5G est la norme technique de téléphonie mobile de 5e génération et, à ce titre, elle succède à la 4G et peut être utilisée en complément de la 2G, de la 3G et de la 4G. Les principales caractéristiques de cette technologie ont été décrites dans le rapport préliminaire publié par l’Anses en janvier 2020 (Anses, 2020). La norme 5G est plus particulièrement ouverte et flexible, tant au niveau de la configuration que des usages (téléphonie mobile à haut débit, Internet des objets, conduite automatique, télémédecine, etc.). La 5G peut être déployée de plusieurs manières différentes, relatives aux bandes de fréquences et à son infrastructure (mode «stand alone» et «non stand alone»). Le «refarming», par exemple, consiste à utiliser, pour la 5G, une bande de fréquences allouée à la 4G. Cette réallocation permet donc d’émettre de la 5G avec des antennes conventionnelles.Le partage dynamique du spectre fréquentiel -Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)-, quant à lui, permet d’émettre simultanément de la 4G et de la 5G dans une même bande de fréquences.L’agrégation de porteuses consiste à utiliser, de manière adaptative et dynamique, plusieurs bandes de fréquences, ce qui permet d’accroître le débit en fonction des bandes disponibles.
71.
Loconto, Allison; Garrido-Garza, Francisco
Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{Loconto2021,
title = {Formal and informal European quality assurance initiatives offering a connection between local gastronomy and small-scale farmers},
author = {Allison Loconto and Francisco Garrido-Garza},
url = {https://www.cortext.net/wp-content/uploads/agrikulti_final-report_25-01-2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-25},
abstract = {Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Since the turn of the 21st century, short food supply chains (SFSC) (Renting et al., 2003; Marsden et al., 2000) and values-based food chains (Ostrom et al., 2017) have emerged across Europe as an increasingly popular means to create closer linkages between producers and consumers. While the European Union (EU) average for farms selling more than half of their production direction to consumers is near 15 %, this is distributed unevenly among member nations and is largely restricted to small farms (Augére-Granier, 2016). This report argues that direct sales had minor importance in Malta, Austria and Spain, where supermarkets dominate food retail with more than 90% market share. However, direct sales, traditional specialty shops and food markets are very important in other countries. Direct sales account for 25% in Greece, 21% in France, 19% in Slovakia and around 18% in Hungary, Romania and Estonia (Augére-Granier, 2016). In addition, a nationally representative survey in France found that 42% of consumers had purchased food through a SFSC during the month prior to the study (Loisel et al., 2016).
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
SFSCs are considered to be short based on criteria of social and geographic proximity.
Kneafsey et al. (2013) put forward the following definition – based on French ministerial and the European Commission (EC) definitions – in order to separate these initiatives from conventional food chains.
“The foods involved are identified by, and traceable to a farmer. The number of intermediaries between farmer and consumer should be ‘minimal’ or ideally nil.” (p. 42).
Recent consumer research demonstrates that trust-worthiness of food chain actors and the openness of food manufacturers are strongly related to consumer confidence in food (Macready et al., 2020). Thus, the assumption of SFSC promoters is that this greater transparency translates into greater consumer confidence in producers and as a result more social, equitable and fairer trading practices between producers and consumers.
Quality assurance and certification are the most common means used to communicate transparency and openness in both conventional and sustainable supply chains (UN environment, 2017). Prior research demonstrates that there are a variety of ways in which assurance and certification can be organized in order to credibly guarantee quality (Loconto, 2017a).
Within this context, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture has commissioned AGRI KULTI to develop an information and quality assurance system, that identifies management patterns across the connection of local production and gastronomy, both in Hungary and in the European Union (Food Track project). For this reason, a comprehensive and comparative data analysis is required. Thus, this study consisted of exploring and analysing initiatives, businesses or organizations in the EU that can be classified as SFSCs and that communicate their sustainability quality attributions (e.g., organic, local, healthy, agro-ecological, traditional, etc.) through a variety of forms of certification.
Workshops
72.
Barbier, Marc; Villard, Lionel
ANF TDM 2021 : Exploration documentaire et extraction d'information Workshop
2021.
@workshop{Barbier2021b,
title = {ANF TDM 2021 : Exploration documentaire et extraction d'information},
author = {Marc Barbier and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://anf-tdm-2021.sciencesconf.org/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-16},
urldate = {2021-11-16},
abstract = {Chaque année, le monde de la recherche accélère et développe sa production scientifique. L’apport massif de données et de publications, associé à la multiplication des canaux de diffusion, complexifie l'exploration de la littérature scientifique.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Chaque année, le monde de la recherche accélère et développe sa production scientifique. L’apport massif de données et de publications, associé à la multiplication des canaux de diffusion, complexifie l'exploration de la littérature scientifique.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.
Le CNRS et INRAE organisent la 2ème édition de l'Action nationale de formation intitulée « Exploration documentaire et extraction d’information ». L'événement se déroule à Paris du mardi 16 au mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Cette formation s'adresse aux chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorant(e)s et ingénieur(e)s d'appui à la recherche qui souhaitent mettre en place ou développer la recherche d'information et la fouille de textes dans leur activité.
73.
Laurens, Patricia; Villard, Lionel; Schoen, Antoine; Laredo, Philippe
RISIS Online Training on Thematic and spatial analysis of technologies using Cortext and RISIS patent database Workshop
Université Gustave Eiffel 2021.
@workshop{Laurens2021,
title = {RISIS Online Training on Thematic and spatial analysis of technologies using Cortext and RISIS patent database},
author = {Patricia Laurens and Lionel Villard and Antoine Schoen and Philippe Laredo},
url = {https://www.risis2.eu/event/risis-online-training-on-thematic-and-spatial-analysis-of-technologies-using-cortext-and-risis-patent-database/
https://docs.cortext.net/training-materials/english-thematic-and-spatial-analysis-of-technologies-using-cortext-and-risis-patent-database/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-08},
urldate = {2021-11-08},
organization = {Université Gustave Eiffel},
abstract = {This workshop aims at providing methodological and practical skills to analyse patent documents. It relies on the facilities available at UGE in Paris, the RISIS Patent Database and the Cortext tool. The workshop will be centred on two dimensions of the technology analyses using patents: network analysis and geography.
Participants will first investigate technology dynamics through network analysis of cooccurrences of patent classes (co-classification) and cooccurrences of terms (resulting from automatic lexical treatment) appearing in patent titles and abstracts. Second, participants will explore the spatial dimension of technology development analysing inventor locations as they appear in patent documents. Addresses will be geo-coded and allocated to different geographical units: country, regions and metropolitan areas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
This workshop aims at providing methodological and practical skills to analyse patent documents. It relies on the facilities available at UGE in Paris, the RISIS Patent Database and the Cortext tool. The workshop will be centred on two dimensions of the technology analyses using patents: network analysis and geography.
Participants will first investigate technology dynamics through network analysis of cooccurrences of patent classes (co-classification) and cooccurrences of terms (resulting from automatic lexical treatment) appearing in patent titles and abstracts. Second, participants will explore the spatial dimension of technology development analysing inventor locations as they appear in patent documents. Addresses will be geo-coded and allocated to different geographical units: country, regions and metropolitan areas.
Participants will first investigate technology dynamics through network analysis of cooccurrences of patent classes (co-classification) and cooccurrences of terms (resulting from automatic lexical treatment) appearing in patent titles and abstracts. Second, participants will explore the spatial dimension of technology development analysing inventor locations as they appear in patent documents. Addresses will be geo-coded and allocated to different geographical units: country, regions and metropolitan areas.
74.
Fabo, Pablo Ruiz
Séance d’initiation à l’analyse de réseaux Workshop
2021.
@workshop{Fabo2021,
title = {Séance d’initiation à l’analyse de réseaux},
author = {Pablo Ruiz Fabo},
url = {https://e-diffusion.uha.fr/video/4048-j5-pablo-ruiz-fabo-seance-dinitiation-a-lanalyse-de-reseaux/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-28},
abstract = {Les réseaux constituent une structure pratique pour représenter des données relationnelles de façon à donner un aperçu de groupes et interactions. Dans l’atelier nous regarderons quelques caractéristiques des réseaux ainsi que des outils qui permettent de les tracer et analyser, comme Cytoscape ou Gephi. Une application des réseaux à l’analyse textuelle avec l’outil CorText Manager sera également montrée.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
Les réseaux constituent une structure pratique pour représenter des données relationnelles de façon à donner un aperçu de groupes et interactions. Dans l’atelier nous regarderons quelques caractéristiques des réseaux ainsi que des outils qui permettent de les tracer et analyser, comme Cytoscape ou Gephi. Une application des réseaux à l’analyse textuelle avec l’outil CorText Manager sera également montrée.
2020
Journal Articles
75.
Jensen, Torben E.
Exploring the Trading Zones of Digital STS Journal Article
In: STS Encounters - DASTS working paper series, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020.
@article{Jensen2020,
title = {Exploring the Trading Zones of Digital STS},
author = {Torben E. Jensen},
url = {https://www.dasts.dk/wp-content/uploads/4_Trading_FV_1.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-31},
journal = {STS Encounters - DASTS working paper series},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
abstract = {In the last couple of decades, one of the significant developments in digital STS is the rapidly growing use of digital methods and tools for data harvesting, analysis and visualization. The increasing availability and deployment of digital tools raise questions about how to develop an analytic practice that reconciles the theoretical sensibilities of STS with tools and data that may be associated with different sets of assumptions and affordances. The article explores these challenges by reporting on two related digital STS projects that were carried out at the Techno-Anthropology Lab in Copenhagen. Drawing on science historian Peter Galison{textquoteright}s notion of trading zones, the article analyzes how project participants from different communities of practice exchanged and combined tools, theories and projects in a variety of ways. The article identifies two particular trading strategies, and in the final discussion, it reflects on what these strategies might indicate about the future development of digital STS.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the last couple of decades, one of the significant developments in digital STS is the rapidly growing use of digital methods and tools for data harvesting, analysis and visualization. The increasing availability and deployment of digital tools raise questions about how to develop an analytic practice that reconciles the theoretical sensibilities of STS with tools and data that may be associated with different sets of assumptions and affordances. The article explores these challenges by reporting on two related digital STS projects that were carried out at the Techno-Anthropology Lab in Copenhagen. Drawing on science historian Peter Galison{textquoteright}s notion of trading zones, the article analyzes how project participants from different communities of practice exchanged and combined tools, theories and projects in a variety of ways. The article identifies two particular trading strategies, and in the final discussion, it reflects on what these strategies might indicate about the future development of digital STS.
76.
Rikap, Cecilia; Flacher, David
Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model Journal Article
In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol. 55, pp. 59-73, 2020.
@article{Rikap2020b,
title = {Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model},
author = {Cecilia Rikap and David Flacher},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.06.004},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Structural Change and Economic Dynamics},
volume = {55},
pages = {59-73},
abstract = {While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies’ capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions’ research and contributing to local firms’ catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.
77.
Ubando, Aristotle T.; Rosario, Aaron Jules R. Del; Chen, Wei-Hsin; Culaba, Alvin B.
A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, 2020.
@article{Ubando2020b,
title = {A state-of-the-art review of biowaste biorefinery},
author = {Aristotle T. Ubando and Aaron Jules R. Del Rosario and Wei-Hsin Chen and Alvin B. Culaba},
url = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.inshs.bib.cnrs.fr/science/article/pii/S026974912036838X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116149},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-20},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
abstract = {Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the gen- eration of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the gen- eration of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.
78.
Bai, Yang; Li, Hongxiu; Liu, Yong
Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E‐learning field: 1999–2018 Journal Article
In: Scientometrics, 2020.
@article{Bai2020,
title = {Visualizing research trends and research theme evolution in E‐learning field: 1999–2018},
author = {Yang Bai and Hongxiu Li and Yong Liu},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03760-7},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-19},
journal = {Scientometrics},
abstract = {This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of major research themes and trends in e-learning research. A co-word analysis is applied for the analysis of the 21,656 keywords collected from 7214 articles published in 10 journals in the field of e-learning from the years 1999 to 2018. Specifically, a cluster analysis, social network analysis, strategic diagram, and graph theory were applied in the analysis for two time periods: 1999–2008 and 2009–2018. The study detects the bridging, popular, and core topics in e-learning research for the two periods. The research results indicate that e-learning research has undergone a health evolution over the past two decades. There is a temporal continuity of e-learning research because some research topics have kept their continuity over the studied 20 years. Meanwhile, the research traditions in the e-learning field are also continuously evolving with the development of new technologies. The results also offer useful hints on the future direction of how the field may evolve.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of major research themes and trends in e-learning research. A co-word analysis is applied for the analysis of the 21,656 keywords collected from 7214 articles published in 10 journals in the field of e-learning from the years 1999 to 2018. Specifically, a cluster analysis, social network analysis, strategic diagram, and graph theory were applied in the analysis for two time periods: 1999–2008 and 2009–2018. The study detects the bridging, popular, and core topics in e-learning research for the two periods. The research results indicate that e-learning research has undergone a health evolution over the past two decades. There is a temporal continuity of e-learning research because some research topics have kept their continuity over the studied 20 years. Meanwhile, the research traditions in the e-learning field are also continuously evolving with the development of new technologies. The results also offer useful hints on the future direction of how the field may evolve.
79.
Gauld, Christophe; Franchi, Jean-Arthur M.
Analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique du concept de psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision Journal Article
In: L'Encéphale, 2020, ISSN: 0013-7006.
@article{Gaulda2020,
title = {Analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique du concept de psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision},
author = {Christophe Gauld and Jean-Arthur M. Franchi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013700620302360},
doi = { https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.008},
issn = {0013-7006},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-12},
journal = {L'Encéphale},
abstract = {Objectifs. – La médecine personnalisée et de précision nécessite une clarification des concepts qui y sont rattachés. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’exploration systématique de la littérature portant sur les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision et sur leurs usages dans les domaines neuroscientifiques et génétiques. Cet article propose donc d’explorer les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectifs. – La médecine personnalisée et de précision nécessite une clarification des concepts qui y sont rattachés. À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’exploration systématique de la littérature portant sur les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision et sur leurs usages dans les domaines neuroscientifiques et génétiques. Cet article propose donc d’explorer les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.
Méthodes. – Une analyse en réseau par fouille de données textuelles systématique issue d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature internationale autour des termes de “precision psychiatry” et de “personalized psychiatry” a été réalisée. Cette fouille de données textuelles a été représentée sous forme d’un réseau permettant d’analyser les dimensions et les concepts de la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision. Résultats. – La psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision renvoie à six dimensions retrouvées au sein de l’analyse du réseau textuel. Ces six dimensions correspondent aux domaines scientifiques qui étu- dient la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision, à savoir : la génétique, la pharmacogénétique, les approches computationnelles, le raffinement des essais thérapeutiques, les biomarqueurs et la stadifica- tion. L’analyse des termes renvoie à un ensemble de concepts hétérogènes.
Conclusions. – L’hétérogénéité retrouvée dans la littérature sur la psychiatrie personnalisée et de précision peut témoigner d’un manque d’un cadre théorique pluraliste et intégratif. Ce cadre de travail pourrait être basé sur un formalisme naturalisant mais non réducteur, conscient des enjeux sociétaux des sciences et de leur implémentation dans les dispositifs de recherche et cliniques de la psychiatrie.
Objectives
The current challenges of psychiatric nosology and semiology are part of an interdisciplinary and integrative framework. The paradigm of the personalized and precision psychiatry proposes to study this discipline according to new approaches and methodologies. Personalized and precision psychiatry therefore requires clarification of its concepts. To our knowledge, there is no systematic exploration of the literature on the application of the concepts of personalized and precision medicine in the field of psychiatry. This article proposes thus to explore the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry.
Methods
We explored the framework of personalized and precision medicine applied to psychiatry by a textual network analysis. Firstly, we performed a systematic text-mining (Natural Language Processing) from an exhaustive review of the international literature with the terms “precision psychiatry” and “personalized psychiatry”. Secondly, this analysis of textual data allowed us to build a textual network which made it possible to visualize the most proximal terms (the most frequently associated in the literature). Finally, we extracted from the network the main dimensions explored in the scientific literature, and we studied the relative importance of each term by analyzing the network centrality. In addition, a brief bibliometric analysis was conducted.
Results
We show that personalized and precision psychiatry refers to six dimensions found in the textual network analysis which correspond to the scientific fields which study personalized and precision psychiatry: genetics, pharmacogenetics, artificial intelligence, therapeutic trials, biomarkers and staging. We explore how each dimension relates to the mechanization of psychiatric disorders. However, precision and personalized psychiatry, which tries to refine the levels of mechanistic explanations for psychiatry, suffers from a conceptual heterogeneity. Indeed, textual analysis also allows us to find terms referring to a set of heterogeneous concepts. Many methodological fields and epistemological concepts are invoked in this literature, without standardization.
Conclusions
The paradox of personalized and precision psychiatry is to associate a strong conceptual heterogeneity with a well-defined mechanistic component. Heterogeneity found in literature on personalized and precision psychiatry testifies to the lack of a pluralist and integrative theoretical framework. This framework could be based on a naturalizing but non-reducing formalism, aware of the societal challenges of the sciences and their implementation in the research and clinical systems of psychiatry.
80.
Stefanija, Ana Pop; Pierson, Jo
Practical AI Transparency: Revealing Datafication and Algorithmic Identities Journal Article
In: Journal of Digital Social Research, vol. 2, no. 3, 2020.
@article{Stefanija2020,
title = {Practical AI Transparency: Revealing Datafication and Algorithmic Identities},
author = {Ana Pop Stefanija and Jo Pierson},
url = {https://www.jdsr.io/articles/2020/11/8/practical-ai-transparency-revealing-datafication-and-algorithmic-identities},
doi = {10.33621/jdsr.v2i3.32},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-09},
journal = {Journal of Digital Social Research},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
abstract = {How does one do research on algorithms and their outputs when confronted with the inherent algorithmic opacity and black box-ness as well as with the limitations of API-based research and the data access gaps imposed by platforms’ gate-keeping practices? This article outlines the methodological steps we undertook to manoeuvre around the above-mentioned obstacles. It is a “byproduct” of our investigation into datafication and the way how algorithmic identities are being produced for personalisation, ad delivery and recommendation. Following Paßmann and Boersma’s (2017) suggestion for pursuing “practical transparency” and focusing on particular actors, we experiment with different avenues of research. We develop and employ an approach of letting the platforms speak and making the platforms speak. In doing so, we also use non-traditional research tools, such as transparency and regulatory tools, and repurpose them as objects of/for study. Empirically testing the applicability of this integrated approach, we elaborate on the possibilities it offers for the study of algorithmic systems, while being aware and cognizant of its limitations and shortcomings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
How does one do research on algorithms and their outputs when confronted with the inherent algorithmic opacity and black box-ness as well as with the limitations of API-based research and the data access gaps imposed by platforms’ gate-keeping practices? This article outlines the methodological steps we undertook to manoeuvre around the above-mentioned obstacles. It is a “byproduct” of our investigation into datafication and the way how algorithmic identities are being produced for personalisation, ad delivery and recommendation. Following Paßmann and Boersma’s (2017) suggestion for pursuing “practical transparency” and focusing on particular actors, we experiment with different avenues of research. We develop and employ an approach of letting the platforms speak and making the platforms speak. In doing so, we also use non-traditional research tools, such as transparency and regulatory tools, and repurpose them as objects of/for study. Empirically testing the applicability of this integrated approach, we elaborate on the possibilities it offers for the study of algorithmic systems, while being aware and cognizant of its limitations and shortcomings.
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|---|
| What types of documents? |
| 115 journal articles |
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| 22 reports |
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| 8 masters thesis |
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| 2 miscellaneous |
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|---|
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