2015
Technical Reports
241.
Kahane, Bernard; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Villard, Lionel; Larédo, Philippe
A dynamic query to delineate emergent science and technology : the case of nano science and technology Technical Report
2015.
@techreport{Kahane2015,
title = {A dynamic query to delineate emergent science and technology : the case of nano science and technology},
author = {Bernard Kahane and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lionel Villard and Philippe Larédo
},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {RISIS},
pages = {47-70},
abstract = {Building a larger and relevant database out of an initial seed without relying, because of potential bias, on experts is a common challenge for those who wish to study or track a scientific or technological field. Publications and patents are not the only, but definitely an important component of knowledge generation and dissemination and one of the potential sources for innovation. Scientists communicate their findings through publications. Similarly, patents are legal documents to claim ownership of an invention but they also build a public paper trail of technology advancement. Thus publications and patents are an important, relevant and useful tool to follow and represent results of scientific and technological endeavours (Huang, 2010). Data mining is the extraction of relevant and useful information from large volume of data. Publication and Patent data systematically collected in worldwide databases such as the WoS and Patstat are used to track science and technology dynamic. Data mining faces an important challenge in a context of emergence when new technologies experience explosive growth, evolve rapidly and often cross and subvert existing scientific and technology fields. Emerging science and technology (biotechnology in the 1980s, nanotechnology today, other science and technology fields tomorrow), which often carry strong implications and potentialities for science, business and society, add to the challenge. Their content and dynamic are difficult to track at a time when they are struggling to define who they are, what they include and exclude and how they organize themselves internally. Such is the case for nanotechnology, where the quest for a relevant reliable and replicable way to extract relevant publications and patents, is an on-going process involving several teams worldwide (Glanzel 2003, Noyons 2003, Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007, Porter et al., 2008, Kostoff 2007, Leydesdorff and Zhou, 2007). Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving emerging and dynamic field. Analysts argue that it is likely to be a “general purpose technology” (Youtie 2008, Laredo et al. 2010) with a potential impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, the environment, sustainability and national security. The perceived potential value of nanotechnologies has led to the increased will of governments, academic institutions, firms and other societal actors to better understand what is happening in the field, who is active and where. There is thus an important challenge to develop robust methods to track the nanotechnology field while it rapidly develops and evolves. As a matter of fact, good quality and comprehensive extraction of data is a prerequisite for meaningful understanding and analysis. Huang 2010 as well as L'huillery et al. 2010 have compared the different methodologies developed, and reported on their robustness as well as on the similarities and discrepancies of results obtained. They confirmed the robustness and interest of the evolutionary lexical methodology we have developed (Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007). At that time, three requirements were central to the approach developed. First, it should not depend upon experts. Indeed, the on-going and extensive use of expert-based approaches is costly, time-consuming, and challenging to replicate such that the same outcomes result. This is an important restriction when facing a highly dynamic field where borders are constantly evolving requiring terminology requalification at different times. Second, it should allow updates in order to replicate and compare results while the nanotechnology field (and its lexicon) develop and expand. And third, it should be able to track the relative evolution of subfields inside nanotechnologies: in 2007 we translated this into a third requirement of being “modular”. While the initial development of our methodology was performed in order to extract data from 1998 to 2006, we later engaged in producing an update that could expand the database backward and forward in order to cover years 1991-2011. In our initial methodology, the selection of relevant terms was performed with knowledge built and keywords selected on one single year (2003). A simple solution was to reproduce the selection of terms for 2011, driving us to two semantic universes of nanotechnology, respectively built in 2003 and 2011. However Bonaccorsi (2010) has demonstrated that in a dynamic field such as nanotechnology, keywords often display short life and experience a type of Darwinian selection process. Using this approach, the characterisation of the evolution of the field over 20 years would have only relied on two years for the identification of relevant keywords. There would thus be a risk that we miss the richness of the exploration that shapes the dynamics of knowledge production. Not considering transient keywords that might have emerged and then disappeared, would be a serious drawback in such a dynamic field. There are multiple reasons for this. Two are of particular importance. One is about the learning that a stream of research, even if it goes on with a life of its own, has been experimented but proved not to be useful for colleagues at the time. The other lies in the fact that streams of research which for a while turn to be a dead end, can nevertheless reappear later and become a key resource as demonstrated in many instances. Such a limitation becomes even more visible when taking the whole period under review for identifying relevant keywords. This drove us to add a fourth requirement for such an approach: What is needed is a methodology, which allows us to incorporate and discard in real time relevant terms as they appear and disappear in the nanotechnology story. We need a methodology that allows us to track keywords as characters appear and disappear along the storyline in a movie. Thus, using nanotechnology as a showcase, we here report a data search strategy made of three consecutive steps. As in all the data search strategies for nanotechnology, we start with an initial seed built through the nanostring. We then use the same principle that we applied in our previous approach, that is expanding the initial seed through a dual process where additional keywords observed during a given period are sorted according to their internal specificity (e.g. the extent to which they provide value added meaning to a publication) and then tested in the overall database for ‘external specificity’ (e.g. the ratio of articles in the seed vs. articles in the overall database of publications). This selection of keywords is first applied on the whole dataset covering the 20 years, enabling a “static extension”. The third step builds the “dynamic extension” where additional keywords are identified through a yearly analysis of internal specificity within the nanostring, and selected depending upon their ‘external specificity’. Besides being applied in a specific way for nanotechnology, we claim that such a three steps strategy has universal value to describe the dynamics of emergent and fast evolving fields, transcending pre-existing classifications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Building a larger and relevant database out of an initial seed without relying, because of potential bias, on experts is a common challenge for those who wish to study or track a scientific or technological field. Publications and patents are not the only, but definitely an important component of knowledge generation and dissemination and one of the potential sources for innovation. Scientists communicate their findings through publications. Similarly, patents are legal documents to claim ownership of an invention but they also build a public paper trail of technology advancement. Thus publications and patents are an important, relevant and useful tool to follow and represent results of scientific and technological endeavours (Huang, 2010). Data mining is the extraction of relevant and useful information from large volume of data. Publication and Patent data systematically collected in worldwide databases such as the WoS and Patstat are used to track science and technology dynamic. Data mining faces an important challenge in a context of emergence when new technologies experience explosive growth, evolve rapidly and often cross and subvert existing scientific and technology fields. Emerging science and technology (biotechnology in the 1980s, nanotechnology today, other science and technology fields tomorrow), which often carry strong implications and potentialities for science, business and society, add to the challenge. Their content and dynamic are difficult to track at a time when they are struggling to define who they are, what they include and exclude and how they organize themselves internally. Such is the case for nanotechnology, where the quest for a relevant reliable and replicable way to extract relevant publications and patents, is an on-going process involving several teams worldwide (Glanzel 2003, Noyons 2003, Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007, Porter et al., 2008, Kostoff 2007, Leydesdorff and Zhou, 2007). Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving emerging and dynamic field. Analysts argue that it is likely to be a “general purpose technology” (Youtie 2008, Laredo et al. 2010) with a potential impact across an entire range of industries and great implications on human health, the environment, sustainability and national security. The perceived potential value of nanotechnologies has led to the increased will of governments, academic institutions, firms and other societal actors to better understand what is happening in the field, who is active and where. There is thus an important challenge to develop robust methods to track the nanotechnology field while it rapidly develops and evolves. As a matter of fact, good quality and comprehensive extraction of data is a prerequisite for meaningful understanding and analysis. Huang 2010 as well as L'huillery et al. 2010 have compared the different methodologies developed, and reported on their robustness as well as on the similarities and discrepancies of results obtained. They confirmed the robustness and interest of the evolutionary lexical methodology we have developed (Mogoutov and Kahane, 2007). At that time, three requirements were central to the approach developed. First, it should not depend upon experts. Indeed, the on-going and extensive use of expert-based approaches is costly, time-consuming, and challenging to replicate such that the same outcomes result. This is an important restriction when facing a highly dynamic field where borders are constantly evolving requiring terminology requalification at different times. Second, it should allow updates in order to replicate and compare results while the nanotechnology field (and its lexicon) develop and expand. And third, it should be able to track the relative evolution of subfields inside nanotechnologies: in 2007 we translated this into a third requirement of being “modular”. While the initial development of our methodology was performed in order to extract data from 1998 to 2006, we later engaged in producing an update that could expand the database backward and forward in order to cover years 1991-2011. In our initial methodology, the selection of relevant terms was performed with knowledge built and keywords selected on one single year (2003). A simple solution was to reproduce the selection of terms for 2011, driving us to two semantic universes of nanotechnology, respectively built in 2003 and 2011. However Bonaccorsi (2010) has demonstrated that in a dynamic field such as nanotechnology, keywords often display short life and experience a type of Darwinian selection process. Using this approach, the characterisation of the evolution of the field over 20 years would have only relied on two years for the identification of relevant keywords. There would thus be a risk that we miss the richness of the exploration that shapes the dynamics of knowledge production. Not considering transient keywords that might have emerged and then disappeared, would be a serious drawback in such a dynamic field. There are multiple reasons for this. Two are of particular importance. One is about the learning that a stream of research, even if it goes on with a life of its own, has been experimented but proved not to be useful for colleagues at the time. The other lies in the fact that streams of research which for a while turn to be a dead end, can nevertheless reappear later and become a key resource as demonstrated in many instances. Such a limitation becomes even more visible when taking the whole period under review for identifying relevant keywords. This drove us to add a fourth requirement for such an approach: What is needed is a methodology, which allows us to incorporate and discard in real time relevant terms as they appear and disappear in the nanotechnology story. We need a methodology that allows us to track keywords as characters appear and disappear along the storyline in a movie. Thus, using nanotechnology as a showcase, we here report a data search strategy made of three consecutive steps. As in all the data search strategies for nanotechnology, we start with an initial seed built through the nanostring. We then use the same principle that we applied in our previous approach, that is expanding the initial seed through a dual process where additional keywords observed during a given period are sorted according to their internal specificity (e.g. the extent to which they provide value added meaning to a publication) and then tested in the overall database for ‘external specificity’ (e.g. the ratio of articles in the seed vs. articles in the overall database of publications). This selection of keywords is first applied on the whole dataset covering the 20 years, enabling a “static extension”. The third step builds the “dynamic extension” where additional keywords are identified through a yearly analysis of internal specificity within the nanostring, and selected depending upon their ‘external specificity’. Besides being applied in a specific way for nanotechnology, we claim that such a three steps strategy has universal value to describe the dynamics of emergent and fast evolving fields, transcending pre-existing classifications.
Workshops
242.
Cortext,
Training Book CorTexT Workshop
2015, (RISIS short course type A, 6 -7 October 2015).
@workshop{cortext2015training,
title = {Training Book CorTexT},
author = {Cortext},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
note = {RISIS short course type A, 6 -7 October 2015},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
2014
Journal Articles
243.
Cardon, Vincent
Des chiffres et des lettres. Evaluation, expressions du jugement de qualité et hiérarchies sur le marché de l’hôtellerie Journal Article
In: Réseaux, no. 1, pp. 207–245, 2014.
@article{cardon2014chiffres,
title = {Des chiffres et des lettres. Evaluation, expressions du jugement de qualité et hiérarchies sur le marché de l’hôtellerie},
author = {Vincent Cardon},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/res.183.0205},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Réseaux},
number = {1},
pages = {207--245},
publisher = {La Découverte},
abstract = {TripAdvisor constitue une déclinaison, dédiée au tourisme, d’un dispositif standard d’évaluation en ligne, fondé sur la juxtaposition d’un versant quantifié et d’un autre textuel. Le dialogue de ces deux dimensions constitue l’objet de cet article, fondé sur l’analyse quantitative des contributions. L’analyse lexicale des commentaires révèle des pratiques d’écriture très diverses et la mobilisation de catégories de jugement qui varient selon le niveau de la note, le contexte de voyage, mais également selon la langue de rédaction et la catégorie hôtelière. Les hiérarchies marchandes et évaluatives ont aussi leurs expressions textuelles, et tous les individus n’investissent pas le dispositif et les métriques de la même manière. Ainsi, plus les contributeurs s’expriment sur des hôtels qu’ils jugent de bonne qualité, plus ils le font sur le mode d’une subjectivation narrative de leur expérience de consommation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
TripAdvisor constitue une déclinaison, dédiée au tourisme, d’un dispositif standard d’évaluation en ligne, fondé sur la juxtaposition d’un versant quantifié et d’un autre textuel. Le dialogue de ces deux dimensions constitue l’objet de cet article, fondé sur l’analyse quantitative des contributions. L’analyse lexicale des commentaires révèle des pratiques d’écriture très diverses et la mobilisation de catégories de jugement qui varient selon le niveau de la note, le contexte de voyage, mais également selon la langue de rédaction et la catégorie hôtelière. Les hiérarchies marchandes et évaluatives ont aussi leurs expressions textuelles, et tous les individus n’investissent pas le dispositif et les métriques de la même manière. Ainsi, plus les contributeurs s’expriment sur des hôtels qu’ils jugent de bonne qualité, plus ils le font sur le mode d’une subjectivation narrative de leur expérience de consommation.
244.
Cambrosio, Alberto; Bourret, Pascale; Rabeharisoa, Vololona; Callon, Michel
Big Data and the Collective Turn in Biomedicine. How Should We Analyze Post-Genomic Practices? Journal Article
In: TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 11-42, 2014.
@article{cambrosio2014big,
title = {Big Data and the Collective Turn in Biomedicine. How Should We Analyze Post-Genomic Practices?},
author = {Alberto Cambrosio and Pascale Bourret and Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon},
url = {http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/view/178},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {11-42},
abstract = {We presently witness a profound transformation of the configuration of biomedical practices, as characterized by an increasingly collective dimension, and by a growing reliance on disruptive technologies that generate large amounts of data. We also witness a proliferation of biomedical databases, often freely accessible on the Web, which can be easily analyzed thanks to network analysis software. In this position paper we discuss how science and technology studies (S&TS) may cope with these developments. In particular, we examine a number of shortcomings of the notion of networks, namely those concerning: (a) the relation between agency and structural analysis; (b) the distinction between network clusters and collectives; (c) the (ac)counting strategies that fuel the networking approach; and (d) the privileged status ascribed to textual documents. This will lead us to reframe the question of the relations between S&TS and biomedical scientists, as big data offer an interesting opportunity for developing new modes of cooperation between the social and the life sciences, while avoiding the dichotomies – between the social and the cognitive, or between texts and practices – that S&TS has successfully managed to discard.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We presently witness a profound transformation of the configuration of biomedical practices, as characterized by an increasingly collective dimension, and by a growing reliance on disruptive technologies that generate large amounts of data. We also witness a proliferation of biomedical databases, often freely accessible on the Web, which can be easily analyzed thanks to network analysis software. In this position paper we discuss how science and technology studies (S&TS) may cope with these developments. In particular, we examine a number of shortcomings of the notion of networks, namely those concerning: (a) the relation between agency and structural analysis; (b) the distinction between network clusters and collectives; (c) the (ac)counting strategies that fuel the networking approach; and (d) the privileged status ascribed to textual documents. This will lead us to reframe the question of the relations between S&TS and biomedical scientists, as big data offer an interesting opportunity for developing new modes of cooperation between the social and the life sciences, while avoiding the dichotomies – between the social and the cognitive, or between texts and practices – that S&TS has successfully managed to discard.
245.
Cetro, Rosa; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe; Eggermont, Hilde; Gambette, Philippe; Kyriacopoulou, Tita; Roux, Xavier Le; Martineau, Claude; Turenne, Nicolas
Vers une approche semi-automatique pour la définition de motifs d'argumentation utilisés dans les résumés de projets scientifiques du domaine de la biodiversité Journal Article
In: Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, pp. 47-80, 2014.
@article{cetro2014vers,
title = {Vers une approche semi-automatique pour la définition de motifs d'argumentation utilisés dans les résumés de projets scientifiques du domaine de la biodiversité},
author = {Rosa Cetro and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker and Hilde Eggermont and Philippe Gambette and Tita Kyriacopoulou and Xavier Le Roux and Claude Martineau and Nicolas Turenne},
url = {https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01090607/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information},
pages = {47-80},
abstract = {Nous positionnons notre travail dans le domaine de l’analyse et de la visualisation de données textuelles produites par les scientifiques et réunies en corpus calibré. Ce domaine est reconnu pour sa contribution à la réflexion sur la composition et l’évaluation des politiques scientifiques. Le corpus que nous utilisons est une collection de tous les résumés de projets acceptés dans des guichets d’appels à projet dans le domaine de la biodiversité référencés par le réseau européen BiodivERsA. L’objectif de ce travail ancré dans la sociologie des sciences consiste à mieux comprendre les principales caractéristiques utilisées par les scientifiques pour présenter leur projet et convaincre de ses qualités. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une pluralité d’outils face à la difficulté de dépouiller l’information pour associer le niveau sémantique (structure de l’information) au niveau pragmatique (relations entre les rédacteurs de projet).Notre contribution repose sur un nouveau type d’extraction d’information, hors entités nommées, basé sur l'extraction de motifs d’argumentation. D’une part on remarque que l’usage de ces motifs marque la présence d'arguments dans des résumés de projets, et d’autre part croît avec le temps.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nous positionnons notre travail dans le domaine de l’analyse et de la visualisation de données textuelles produites par les scientifiques et réunies en corpus calibré. Ce domaine est reconnu pour sa contribution à la réflexion sur la composition et l’évaluation des politiques scientifiques. Le corpus que nous utilisons est une collection de tous les résumés de projets acceptés dans des guichets d’appels à projet dans le domaine de la biodiversité référencés par le réseau européen BiodivERsA. L’objectif de ce travail ancré dans la sociologie des sciences consiste à mieux comprendre les principales caractéristiques utilisées par les scientifiques pour présenter leur projet et convaincre de ses qualités. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une pluralité d’outils face à la difficulté de dépouiller l’information pour associer le niveau sémantique (structure de l’information) au niveau pragmatique (relations entre les rédacteurs de projet).Notre contribution repose sur un nouveau type d’extraction d’information, hors entités nommées, basé sur l'extraction de motifs d’argumentation. D’une part on remarque que l’usage de ces motifs marque la présence d'arguments dans des résumés de projets, et d’autre part croît avec le temps.
246.
Granjou, Celine; Mauz, Isabelle; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe
Making taxonomy environmentally relevant. Insights from an all taxa biodiversity inventory Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 38, pp. 254-262, 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004).
@article{granjou2014making,
title = {Making taxonomy environmentally relevant. Insights from an all taxa biodiversity inventory},
author = {Celine Granjou and Isabelle Mauz and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {38},
pages = {254-262},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {For several decades taxonomy has been marginalized in academic labs and universities. Today, rising concerns over biodiversity and ecosystem services are creating an unprecedented opportunity for it to be viewed as a crucially relevant field. This article aims to scrutinize how the biodiversity concerns entail new collaboration designs between taxonomists and nature managers and between taxonomists and ecologists. Our key point is that taxonomy's environmental relevance is not given: instead, taxonomic data have to be made relevant by taxonomists and their partners in specific collaborative and organizational arrangements. The article draws on an empirical study of an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in a national park in the French Alps, including an ethnographic survey combined with scientometric analysis. It was found that the collaboration initiated in the ATBI between taxonomists, ecologists and the park managers was paved with disappointments and reorientations because it partly failed to address the tension between a taxonomic and an ecological approach to the relevance of taxonomic data. The rise of biodiversity and ecosystem services concerns constitutes a “double-edged sword” for taxonomists: while there is greater opportunity for taxonomists to render their work visible through new research collaboration arrangements with ecologists, it also entails a risk that they remain mere data providers for nature managers and ecologists interested in ecosystem functioning.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.004},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
For several decades taxonomy has been marginalized in academic labs and universities. Today, rising concerns over biodiversity and ecosystem services are creating an unprecedented opportunity for it to be viewed as a crucially relevant field. This article aims to scrutinize how the biodiversity concerns entail new collaboration designs between taxonomists and nature managers and between taxonomists and ecologists. Our key point is that taxonomy's environmental relevance is not given: instead, taxonomic data have to be made relevant by taxonomists and their partners in specific collaborative and organizational arrangements. The article draws on an empirical study of an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in a national park in the French Alps, including an ethnographic survey combined with scientometric analysis. It was found that the collaboration initiated in the ATBI between taxonomists, ecologists and the park managers was paved with disappointments and reorientations because it partly failed to address the tension between a taxonomic and an ecological approach to the relevance of taxonomic data. The rise of biodiversity and ecosystem services concerns constitutes a “double-edged sword” for taxonomists: while there is greater opportunity for taxonomists to render their work visible through new research collaboration arrangements with ecologists, it also entails a risk that they remain mere data providers for nature managers and ecologists interested in ecosystem functioning.
247.
Leydesdorff, Loet; Goldstone, Robert L
Interdisciplinarity at the journal and specialty level: The changing knowledge bases of the journal Cognitive Science Journal Article
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 164-177, 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953).
@article{leydesdorff2014interdisciplinarity,
title = {Interdisciplinarity at the journal and specialty level: The changing knowledge bases of the journal Cognitive Science},
author = {Loet Leydesdorff and Robert L Goldstone},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {164-177},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
abstract = {Using the referencing patterns in articles in Cognitive Science over three decades, we analyze the knowledge base of this literature in terms of its changing disciplinary composition. Three periods are distinguished: (A) construction of the interdisciplinary space in the 1980s, (B) development of an interdisciplinary orientation in the 1990s, and (C) reintegration into “cognitive psychology” in the 2000s. The fluidity and fuzziness of the interdisciplinary delineations in the different visualizations can be reduced and clarified using factor analysis. We also explore newly available routines (“CorText”) to analyze this development in terms of “tubes” using an alluvial map and compare the results with an animation (using “Visone”). The historical specificity of this development can be compared with the development of “artificial intelligence” into an integrated specialty during this same period. Interdisciplinarity should be defined differently at the level of journals and of specialties.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22953},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Using the referencing patterns in articles in Cognitive Science over three decades, we analyze the knowledge base of this literature in terms of its changing disciplinary composition. Three periods are distinguished: (A) construction of the interdisciplinary space in the 1980s, (B) development of an interdisciplinary orientation in the 1990s, and (C) reintegration into “cognitive psychology” in the 2000s. The fluidity and fuzziness of the interdisciplinary delineations in the different visualizations can be reduced and clarified using factor analysis. We also explore newly available routines (“CorText”) to analyze this development in terms of “tubes” using an alluvial map and compare the results with an animation (using “Visone”). The historical specificity of this development can be compared with the development of “artificial intelligence” into an integrated specialty during this same period. Interdisciplinarity should be defined differently at the level of journals and of specialties.
248.
Mazieres, Antoine; Trachman, Mathieu; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Coulmont, Baptiste; Prieur, Christophe
Deep tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography Journal Article
In: Porn Studies, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 80–95, 2014.
@article{mazieres2014deep,
title = {Deep tags: toward a quantitative analysis of online pornography},
author = {Antoine Mazieres and Mathieu Trachman and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Baptiste Coulmont and Christophe Prieur},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2014.888214},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Porn Studies},
volume = {1},
number = {1-2},
pages = {80--95},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {The development of the web has increased the diversity of pornographic content, and at the same time the rise of online platforms has initiated a new trend of quantitative research that makes possible the analysis of data on an unprecedented scale. This paper explores the application of a quantitative approach to publicly available data collected from pornographic websites. Several analyses are applied to these digital traces with a focus on keywords describing videos and their underlying categorization systems. The analysis of a large network of tags shows that the accumulation of categories does not separate scripts from each other, but instead draws a multitude of significant paths between fuzzy categories. The datasets and tools we describe have been made publicly available for further study.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The development of the web has increased the diversity of pornographic content, and at the same time the rise of online platforms has initiated a new trend of quantitative research that makes possible the analysis of data on an unprecedented scale. This paper explores the application of a quantitative approach to publicly available data collected from pornographic websites. Several analyses are applied to these digital traces with a focus on keywords describing videos and their underlying categorization systems. The analysis of a large network of tags shows that the accumulation of categories does not separate scripts from each other, but instead draws a multitude of significant paths between fuzzy categories. The datasets and tools we describe have been made publicly available for further study.
249.
Omodei, Elisa; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations Journal Article
In: Revue Sciences/Lettres, no. 2, 2014.
@article{omodei2014modelisation,
title = {Modélisation multiniveau de la morphogenèse de familles de citations},
author = {Elisa Omodei and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://journals.openedition.org/rsl/510},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Revue Sciences/Lettres},
number = {2},
publisher = {École normale supérieure},
abstract = {Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dans cet article, nous étudions les dynamiques de prolifération et de diversification des « citations » dans la blogosphère. Dans la continuité des travaux séminaux de Leskovec et Simmons sur les dynamiques « culturelles » dans les médias sociaux, nous analysons en profondeur les transformations que les citations subissent au cours de leur diffusion en ligne. Nous ne visons pas dans notre approche à modéliser la dynamique temporelle du processus de diffusion mais plutôt de décrire finement la nature des changements qui affectent les expressions placées entre guillemets. Quelles sont les grands types de transformations observées et quelles propriétés des citations les rendent plus ou moins sensibles à ces mutations ? En poursuivant la métaphore biologique, nous essayons de comprendre comment des mutations à différentes échelles génèrent des « espèces » de citations (familles).
250.
Tancoigne, Elise; Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Richard, Guy
The place of agricultural sciences in the literature on ecosystem services Journal Article
In: Ecosystem Services, vol. 10, pp. 35-48, 2014.
@article{tancoigne2014place,
title = {The place of agricultural sciences in the literature on ecosystem services},
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Guy Richard},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Ecosystem Services},
volume = {10},
pages = {35-48},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {We performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific literature on ecosystem services in order to help tracing a research agenda for agricultural sciences. The ecosystem services concept now lies at the heart of current developments to address global environmental change. Do agricultural sciences generate knowledge that covers this emerging theme? An analysis of scientific production allowed us to return to the ecological origins of this concept and see how little it has been appropriated by agricultural sciences until now, despite major focus on the issue of agro-ecosystems in the literature. Agricultural sciences tend to be more active in the field of environmental services, defined as services rendered by humans to ecosystems. The main studied services are those which have already been clearly identified and which act in synergy. Less attention is paid to the antagonisms between different services. These findings call for the implementation of agricultural research programmes that will consider the socio-agro-ecosystem as a whole and broaden the traditional issues addressed by agricultural sciences. We insist on three main management and operational issues that needs to be overcome if this is to be done: working at the landscape scale, increasing inter-disciplinary collaborations and take uncertainties into account.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific literature on ecosystem services in order to help tracing a research agenda for agricultural sciences. The ecosystem services concept now lies at the heart of current developments to address global environmental change. Do agricultural sciences generate knowledge that covers this emerging theme? An analysis of scientific production allowed us to return to the ecological origins of this concept and see how little it has been appropriated by agricultural sciences until now, despite major focus on the issue of agro-ecosystems in the literature. Agricultural sciences tend to be more active in the field of environmental services, defined as services rendered by humans to ecosystems. The main studied services are those which have already been clearly identified and which act in synergy. Less attention is paid to the antagonisms between different services. These findings call for the implementation of agricultural research programmes that will consider the socio-agro-ecosystem as a whole and broaden the traditional issues addressed by agricultural sciences. We insist on three main management and operational issues that needs to be overcome if this is to be done: working at the landscape scale, increasing inter-disciplinary collaborations and take uncertainties into account.
251.
Venturini, Tommaso; Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Gray, Ian; Zabban, Vinciane; Pryck, Kari De
Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy Journal Article
In: Big Data & Society, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1-19, 2014.
@article{venturini2014three,
title = {Three maps and three misunderstandings: A digital mapping of climate diplomacy},
author = {Tommaso Venturini and Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Ian Gray and Vinciane Zabban and Kari De Pryck},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714543804},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Big Data & Society},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {1-19},
publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
abstract = {This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section ‘Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences’). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section ‘Three maps on climate negotiations’) we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate. },
keywords = {},
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}
This article proposes an original analysis of the international debate on climate change through the use of digital methods. Its originality is twofold. First, it examines a corpus of reports covering 18 years of international climate negotiations, a dataset never explored before through digital techniques. This corpus is particularly interesting because it provides the most consistent and detailed reporting of the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Second, in this paper we test an original approach to text analysis that combines automatic extractions and manual selection of the key issue-terms. Through this mixed approach, we tried to obtain relevant findings without imposing them on our corpus. The originality of our corpus and of our approach encouraged us to question some of the habits of digital research and confront three common misunderstandings about digital methods that we discuss in the first part of the article (section ‘Three misunderstandings on digital methods in social sciences’). In addition to reflecting on methodology, however, we also wanted to offer some substantial contribution to the understanding of UN-framed climate diplomacy. In the second part of the article (section ‘Three maps on climate negotiations’) we will therefore introduce some of the preliminary results of our analysis. By discussing three visualizations, we will analyze the thematic articulation of the climatic negotiations, the rise and fall of these themes over time and the visibility of different countries in the debate.
252.
Baya-Laffite, Nicolas; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Cartographier la trajectoire de l'adaptation dans l'espace des négociations sur le climat. Changer d'échelle, red(u)ire la complexité Journal Article
In: Réseaux, vol. 188, no. 6, pp. 159-198, 2014.
@article{Baya-Laffite2014,
title = {Cartographier la trajectoire de l'adaptation dans l'espace des négociations sur le climat. Changer d'échelle, red(u)ire la complexité},
author = {Nicolas Baya-Laffite and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/res.188.0159},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Réseaux},
volume = {188},
number = {6},
pages = {159-198},
abstract = {Les négociations au sein de Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) connaissaient une inflation thématique incessante à l’aune des intérêts et cadrages souvent concurrents des Parties. En témoigne la place acquise par le thème controversé de l’adaptation aux impacts du changement climatique. Cartographier ce phénomène complexe constitue un défi pour l’analyse quali-quantitative des problèmes publics que cet article adresse en présentant et en discutant une expérience de production et visualisation de données sur configuration de l’espace thématique des négociations et son déploiement dans le temps. Par un changement d’échelle et des allers-retours entre visualisation et narration, il est dès lors possible de réduire et redire la complexité pour rendre compte de la trajectoire de l’adaptation. Celui-ci n’est, cependant, qu’un exemple parmi les multiples histoires, fondées sur la modélisation des données, qui peuvent être produites. Ainsi, ce type de visualisations porte un potentiel en tant qu’objet frontière pour discuter les enjeux passés, présents et futurs à l’aune d’une vue synoptique du processus.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Les négociations au sein de Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) connaissaient une inflation thématique incessante à l’aune des intérêts et cadrages souvent concurrents des Parties. En témoigne la place acquise par le thème controversé de l’adaptation aux impacts du changement climatique. Cartographier ce phénomène complexe constitue un défi pour l’analyse quali-quantitative des problèmes publics que cet article adresse en présentant et en discutant une expérience de production et visualisation de données sur configuration de l’espace thématique des négociations et son déploiement dans le temps. Par un changement d’échelle et des allers-retours entre visualisation et narration, il est dès lors possible de réduire et redire la complexité pour rendre compte de la trajectoire de l’adaptation. Celui-ci n’est, cependant, qu’un exemple parmi les multiples histoires, fondées sur la modélisation des données, qui peuvent être produites. Ainsi, ce type de visualisations porte un potentiel en tant qu’objet frontière pour discuter les enjeux passés, présents et futurs à l’aune d’une vue synoptique du processus.
Conferences
253.
Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Socio-semantic dynamics for digital humanities: Methodology and epistemology of large textual corpora analysis Conference
2014.
@conference{barbier2014sociosemantic,
title = {Socio-semantic dynamics for digital humanities: Methodology and epistemology of large textual corpora analysis},
author = {Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://easst.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/easst2014.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
abstract = {Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations and social media relationships required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of digital data (texts, archives, structured databases, websites, blogs, etc.). The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge in social sciences and humanities more widely are changed too. New digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues. The aim of this communication is to propose (1) to discuss some of the epistemic problems that surge from the use of digital platforms ambitioning the development of our capacities of enquiry of knowledge production in society; (2) to present the main developments and experience that had been led within the CorTexT plateform as well as their driving principles.},
howpublished = {Communication to the EASST Conference, Torun, Pologne},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations and social media relationships required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of digital data (texts, archives, structured databases, websites, blogs, etc.). The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge in social sciences and humanities more widely are changed too. New digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues. The aim of this communication is to propose (1) to discuss some of the epistemic problems that surge from the use of digital platforms ambitioning the development of our capacities of enquiry of knowledge production in society; (2) to present the main developments and experience that had been led within the CorTexT plateform as well as their driving principles.
254.
Benbouzid, Bilel
Analyse scientométrique des usages des enquêtes de victimation avec Cortext Manager Conference
Association Internationale des criminologues de langue française, vol. 1, 2014.
@conference{benbouzid2014analyse,
title = {Analyse scientométrique des usages des enquêtes de victimation avec Cortext Manager},
author = {Bilel Benbouzid},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Association Internationale des criminologues de langue française},
journal = {Association Internationale des criminologues de langue française},
volume = {1},
pages = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Book Chapters
255.
Bourret, Pascale; Keating, Peter; Cambrosio, Alberto
From BRCA to BRCAness: tales of translational research Book Chapter
In: Breast Cancer Gene Research and Medical Practices: Transnational Perspectives in the time of BRCA, pp. 175-193, Routledge, 2014.
@inbook{gibbon2014breast,
title = {From BRCA to BRCAness: tales of translational research},
author = {Pascale Bourret and Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264556063_From_BRCA_to_BRCAness_tales_of_translational_research},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Breast Cancer Gene Research and Medical Practices: Transnational Perspectives in the time of BRCA},
pages = {175-193},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {The discovery of the two inherited susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the mid-1990s created the possibility of predictive genetic testing and led to the establishment of specific medical programmes for those at high risk of developing breast cancer in the UK, US and Europe. In the intervening fifteen years, the medical institutionalisation of these knowledge-practices and accompanying medical techniques for assessing and managing risk have advanced at a rapid pace across multiple national and transnational arenas, whilst also themselves constituting a highly mobile and shifting terrain.
This unique edited collection brings together cross-disciplinary social science research to present a broad global comparative understanding of the implications of BRCA gene research and medical practices. With a focus on time-economies that unfold locally, nationally and transnationally (including in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, the UK and the USA), the essays in this volume facilitate a re-reading of concepts such as prevention, kinship and heredity, and together offer a unique, timely and comparative perspective on these developments.
The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The discovery of the two inherited susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the mid-1990s created the possibility of predictive genetic testing and led to the establishment of specific medical programmes for those at high risk of developing breast cancer in the UK, US and Europe. In the intervening fifteen years, the medical institutionalisation of these knowledge-practices and accompanying medical techniques for assessing and managing risk have advanced at a rapid pace across multiple national and transnational arenas, whilst also themselves constituting a highly mobile and shifting terrain.
This unique edited collection brings together cross-disciplinary social science research to present a broad global comparative understanding of the implications of BRCA gene research and medical practices. With a focus on time-economies that unfold locally, nationally and transnationally (including in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, the UK and the USA), the essays in this volume facilitate a re-reading of concepts such as prevention, kinship and heredity, and together offer a unique, timely and comparative perspective on these developments.
The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics.
This unique edited collection brings together cross-disciplinary social science research to present a broad global comparative understanding of the implications of BRCA gene research and medical practices. With a focus on time-economies that unfold locally, nationally and transnationally (including in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, the UK and the USA), the essays in this volume facilitate a re-reading of concepts such as prevention, kinship and heredity, and together offer a unique, timely and comparative perspective on these developments.
The book provides a coherent structure for examining the diversity of practices and discourses that surround developments linked to BRCA genetics, and to the evolving field of genetics more broadly. It will be of interest to students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, history of science, STS, public health and bioethics.
Inproceedings
256.
Bourreau, Pierre; Poibeau, Thierry
Mapping the Economic Crisis: Some Preliminary Investigations Inproceedings
In: ACL Language Technologies and Computational Social Science, 2014.
@inproceedings{bourreau2014mapping,
title = {Mapping the Economic Crisis: Some Preliminary Investigations},
author = {Pierre Bourreau and Thierry Poibeau},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01056144/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {ACL Language Technologies and Computational Social Science},
abstract = {In this paper we describe our contribution to the PoliInformatics 2014 Challenge on the 2007-2008 financial crisis. We propose a state of the art technique to extract information from texts and provide different representations, giving first a static overview of the domain and then a dynamic representation of its main evolutions. We show that this strategy provides a practical solution to some recent theories in social sciences that are facing a lack of methods and tools to automatically extract information from natural language texts. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we describe our contribution to the PoliInformatics 2014 Challenge on the 2007-2008 financial crisis. We propose a state of the art technique to extract information from texts and provide different representations, giving first a static overview of the domain and then a dynamic representation of its main evolutions. We show that this strategy provides a practical solution to some recent theories in social sciences that are facing a lack of methods and tools to automatically extract information from natural language texts.
257.
Lepinay, Vincent; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Villard, Lionel
Russian computer scientists, local and abroad: mobility and collaboration Inproceedings
In: Proceedings of the 10th Central and Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia, pp. 18, ACM 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1145/2687233.2687254).
@inproceedings{lepinay2014russian,
title = {Russian computer scientists, local and abroad: mobility and collaboration},
author = {Vincent Lepinay and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Lionel Villard},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2687233.2687254},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Central and Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia},
pages = {18},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {In this paper we present the first results of the first comprehensive study of a population that has drawn attention over the past few years, Russian computer scientists (CS) and IT specialists. We collected data from digital platforms were CS and IT leave either signatures or digital traces. The difference between signatures and traces is the difference between intentional scientific claims (an article or a vitae) and by-products of activities that take place on the web. Digital signatures are a digital mode of existence of objects that exist otherwise; digital traces only exist on digital platforms.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2687233.2687254},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we present the first results of the first comprehensive study of a population that has drawn attention over the past few years, Russian computer scientists (CS) and IT specialists. We collected data from digital platforms were CS and IT leave either signatures or digital traces. The difference between signatures and traces is the difference between intentional scientific claims (an article or a vitae) and by-products of activities that take place on the web. Digital signatures are a digital mode of existence of objects that exist otherwise; digital traces only exist on digital platforms.
258.
Omodei, Elisa; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Poibeau, Thierry
Mapping the natural language processing domain: Experiments using the acl anthology Inproceedings
In: LREC 2014, the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pp. 2972-2979, ELRA 2014.
@inproceedings{omodei2014mapping,
title = {Mapping the natural language processing domain: Experiments using the acl anthology},
author = {Elisa Omodei and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Thierry Poibeau},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01056147},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {LREC 2014, the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
pages = {2972-2979},
organization = {ELRA},
abstract = {This paper investigates the evolution of the computational linguistics domain through a quantitative analysis of the ACL Anthology (containing around 12,000 papers published between 1985 and 2008). Our approach combines complex system methods with natural language processing techniques. We reconstruct the socio-semantic landscape of the domain by inferring a co-authorship and a semantic network from the analysis of the corpus. First, keywords are extracted using a hybrid approach mixing linguistic patterns with statistical information. Then, the semantic network is built using a co-occurrence analysis of these keywords within the corpus. Combining temporal and network analysis techniques, we are able to examine the main evolutions of the field and the more active subfields over time. Lastly we propose a model to explore the mutual influence of the social and the semantic network over time, leading to a socio-semantic co-evolutionary system. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper investigates the evolution of the computational linguistics domain through a quantitative analysis of the ACL Anthology (containing around 12,000 papers published between 1985 and 2008). Our approach combines complex system methods with natural language processing techniques. We reconstruct the socio-semantic landscape of the domain by inferring a co-authorship and a semantic network from the analysis of the corpus. First, keywords are extracted using a hybrid approach mixing linguistic patterns with statistical information. Then, the semantic network is built using a co-occurrence analysis of these keywords within the corpus. Combining temporal and network analysis techniques, we are able to examine the main evolutions of the field and the more active subfields over time. Lastly we propose a model to explore the mutual influence of the social and the semantic network over time, leading to a socio-semantic co-evolutionary system.
259.
Steinfeld, Nili; Lev-On, Azi
Well-done, Mr. Mayor!: Linguistic analysis of municipal facebook pages Inproceedings
In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, pp. 273-279, ACM 2014, (https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612763).
@inproceedings{steinfeld2014well,
title = {Well-done, Mr. Mayor!: Linguistic analysis of municipal facebook pages},
author = {Nili Steinfeld and Azi Lev-On},
url = {http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2620000/2612763/p273-steinfeld.pdf?ip=193.50.159.53&id=2612763&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&key=7EBF6E77E86B478F%2E61E9A885BAD764B5%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35&__acm__=1552899282_c684371c6e1983abb09f4803232dbb4c},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research},
pages = {273-279},
organization = {ACM},
abstract = {The increasing use of social networks has given rise to a new kind of relations between residents and authorities at the municipal level, where residents can speak directly to administrators and representatives, can take part in open discussions, and may have more direct involvement and influence on local affairs. The more direct democracy facilitated by social media outlets fascinates communication and political science researchers. But while most of their attention is drawn to national politics, the municipal arena can be even more affected by these new means of direct communication. This paper focuses on municipal administration on Facebook, and analyzes the discourse that has developed between citizens and local administrators on municipal Facebook pages, using automatic digital tools.
The formal Facebook pages of all of the cities in Israel were extracted using digital tools, and all posts and comments published on these pages in a period of six months were analyzed using automatic linguistic analysis tools that provided information regarding the use and frequencies of words and terms in the texts.
The paper presents the prominent topics, use of language, and basic features of citizens--municipalities interactions in formal Facebook pages. The study discusses the findings, their implications, and the advantages and limitations of using digital tools to analyze texts in a digital research field.},
note = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612763},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The increasing use of social networks has given rise to a new kind of relations between residents and authorities at the municipal level, where residents can speak directly to administrators and representatives, can take part in open discussions, and may have more direct involvement and influence on local affairs. The more direct democracy facilitated by social media outlets fascinates communication and political science researchers. But while most of their attention is drawn to national politics, the municipal arena can be even more affected by these new means of direct communication. This paper focuses on municipal administration on Facebook, and analyzes the discourse that has developed between citizens and local administrators on municipal Facebook pages, using automatic digital tools.
The formal Facebook pages of all of the cities in Israel were extracted using digital tools, and all posts and comments published on these pages in a period of six months were analyzed using automatic linguistic analysis tools that provided information regarding the use and frequencies of words and terms in the texts.
The paper presents the prominent topics, use of language, and basic features of citizens--municipalities interactions in formal Facebook pages. The study discusses the findings, their implications, and the advantages and limitations of using digital tools to analyze texts in a digital research field.
The formal Facebook pages of all of the cities in Israel were extracted using digital tools, and all posts and comments published on these pages in a period of six months were analyzed using automatic linguistic analysis tools that provided information regarding the use and frequencies of words and terms in the texts.
The paper presents the prominent topics, use of language, and basic features of citizens--municipalities interactions in formal Facebook pages. The study discusses the findings, their implications, and the advantages and limitations of using digital tools to analyze texts in a digital research field.
260.
Schoen, Antoine; Paradeise, Catherine; Cauchard, Lionel; Noël, Marianne
A double shift in researchers’ activity profiles: an actor-based analysis of the making of quality in high standing academic departments Inproceedings
In: STI 2014 Leiden, “Context Counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data”, CWTS 2014.
@inproceedings{Schoen2014,
title = {A double shift in researchers’ activity profiles: an actor-based analysis of the making of quality in high standing academic departments},
author = {Antoine Schoen and Catherine Paradeise and Lionel Cauchard and Marianne Noël},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {STI 2014 Leiden, “Context Counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data”},
organization = {CWTS},
series = {STI 2014 Leiden},
abstract = {This study aims at opening the black box of high standing academic departments for analysing the combination of individual contributions in the production of a shared quality label. By analysing personal CVs, this study investigates three research questions: To what extent is academic quality the result of individual performances or a collective achievement? Can we characterise a specialisation of activities within the departments between « junior » and « senior » researchers? Is there a shift across cohorts in the academic activity profile during the early career phase?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This study aims at opening the black box of high standing academic departments for analysing the combination of individual contributions in the production of a shared quality label. By analysing personal CVs, this study investigates three research questions: To what extent is academic quality the result of individual performances or a collective achievement? Can we characterise a specialisation of activities within the departments between « junior » and « senior » researchers? Is there a shift across cohorts in the academic activity profile during the early career phase?
PhD Theses
261.
Omodei, Elisa
Modeling the socio-semantic dynamics of scientific communities PhD Thesis
Ecole normale supérieure-ENS PARIS, 2014.
@phdthesis{omodei2014modeling,
title = {Modeling the socio-semantic dynamics of scientific communities},
author = {Elisa Omodei},
url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01097702/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
school = {Ecole normale supérieure-ENS PARIS},
abstract = {Comment les structures sociales et sémantiques d'une communauté scientifique guident-elles les dynamiques de collaboration à venir ? Dans cette thèse, nous combinons des techniques de traitement automatique des langues et des méthodes provenant de l'analyse de réseaux complexes pour analyser une base de données de publications scientifiques dans le domaine de la linguistique computationnelle : l'ACL Anthology. Notre objectif est de comprendre le rôle des collaborations entre les chercheurs dans la construction du paysage sémantique du domaine, et, symétriquement, de saisir combien ce même paysage influence les trajectoires individuelles des chercheurs et leurs interactions. Nous employons des outils d’analyse du contenu textuel pour extraire des textes des publications les termes correspondant à des concepts scientifiques. Ces termes sont ensuite connectés aux chercheurs pour former un réseau socio-sémantique, dont nous modélisons la dynamique à différentes échelles. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle statistique, à base de régressions logistiques multivariées, qui permet de quantifier le rôle respectif des propriétés sociales et sémantiques de la communauté sur la dynamique microscopique du réseau socio-sémantique. Nous reconstruisons par la suite l’évolution du champ de la linguistique computationelle en créant différentes cartographies du réseau sémantique, représentant les connaissances produites dans le domaine, mais aussi le flux d’auteurs entre les différents champs de recherche du domaine. En résumé, nos travaux ont montré que la combinaison des méthodes issues du traitement automatique des langues et de l'analyse des réseaux complexes permet d'étudier d'une manière nouvelle l'évolution des domaines scientifiques. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Comment les structures sociales et sémantiques d'une communauté scientifique guident-elles les dynamiques de collaboration à venir ? Dans cette thèse, nous combinons des techniques de traitement automatique des langues et des méthodes provenant de l'analyse de réseaux complexes pour analyser une base de données de publications scientifiques dans le domaine de la linguistique computationnelle : l'ACL Anthology. Notre objectif est de comprendre le rôle des collaborations entre les chercheurs dans la construction du paysage sémantique du domaine, et, symétriquement, de saisir combien ce même paysage influence les trajectoires individuelles des chercheurs et leurs interactions. Nous employons des outils d’analyse du contenu textuel pour extraire des textes des publications les termes correspondant à des concepts scientifiques. Ces termes sont ensuite connectés aux chercheurs pour former un réseau socio-sémantique, dont nous modélisons la dynamique à différentes échelles. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle statistique, à base de régressions logistiques multivariées, qui permet de quantifier le rôle respectif des propriétés sociales et sémantiques de la communauté sur la dynamique microscopique du réseau socio-sémantique. Nous reconstruisons par la suite l’évolution du champ de la linguistique computationelle en créant différentes cartographies du réseau sémantique, représentant les connaissances produites dans le domaine, mais aussi le flux d’auteurs entre les différents champs de recherche du domaine. En résumé, nos travaux ont montré que la combinaison des méthodes issues du traitement automatique des langues et de l'analyse des réseaux complexes permet d'étudier d'une manière nouvelle l'évolution des domaines scientifiques.
262.
Levain, Alix-Kathleen
Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes PhD Thesis
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2014.
@phdthesis{Levain2014,
title = {Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes},
author = {Alix-Kathleen Levain},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098682/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
school = {Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle},
abstract = {Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive.
Technical Reports
263.
Tancoigne, Elise; Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Richard, Guy
Les services écosystémiques dans la littérature scientifique : démarche d'exploration et résultats d'analyse : Rapport d'étude pour la phase d'exploration du métaprogramme EcoServ. Technical Report
2014.
@techreport{Tancoigne2014b,
title = {Les services écosystémiques dans la littérature scientifique : démarche d'exploration et résultats d'analyse : Rapport d'étude pour la phase d'exploration du métaprogramme EcoServ. },
author = {Elise Tancoigne and Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Guy Richard},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01157253/},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
pages = {69},
abstract = {En 2005, le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) a permis de reconnaître l’importance des écosystèmes pour le bien-être humain, ainsi que la diminution d’un certain nombre de services fournis à l’homme par ces mêmes écosystèmes au cours des dernières décennies. L’agriculture est considérée comme responsable de la diminution d’un certain nombre de services, ainsi que de la biodiversité, au profit du seul service d’approvisionnement en nourriture (Carpenter et al., 2009). Elle se trouve donc aujourd’hui plus que jamais confrontée à deux impératifs qui mettent en avant sa multifonctionnalité : garantir la fourniture de biens de consommation (nourriture, bois, eau potable...) et de bénéfices sociaux (e.g. emploi) tout en préservant la capacité des écosystèmes à fournir d’autres services (purification de l’eau, régulation du climat, etc.). EcoServ est un méta-programme de recherche en construction à l’Inra afin qu’y soit développée une recherche inter-disciplinaire sur les services fournis par les écosystèmes continentaux dépendants des activités agricoles et forestières. La présente analyse a été engagée dans le cadre de sa construction, afin de connaître la place des systèmes agricoles dans la littérature sur les services écosystémiques. Ce travail de scientométrie a été guidé par quatre questions principales : quelles sont les disciplines scientifiques impliquées dans cette recherche ? Quels sont les services écosystémiques abordés dans la littérature ? Quels sont les écosystèmes étudiés ? Quelle est la place de l’Inra dans ce paysage ? Le corpus est issu de la base de données bibliographique Web of Science. Il a été construit de manière large afin d’inclure les différents synonymes de la notion de « service écosystémique ». Différentes analyses lexicales ont ensuite été réalisées pour la période postérieure au MEA (2006-2012) à l’aide de la plateforme CorTexT manager de l’Ifris et de R (R Core Team, 2012) : extractions lexicales, catégorisations de termes, calculs de fréquences, cartes de cooccurences. Les termes les plus fréquemment utilisés dans les articles de la période 1975- 2012 sont ecosystem service (39 % des documents indexés), puis ecosystem function (29 %), ecological function (14 %) et environmental service (9 %). Le terme ecosystem function dominera jusqu’en 2007 où il sera supplanté par celui de ecosystem service qui connait une progression exponentielle suite à la publication du MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003, 2005). Ce concept est particulièrement mobilisé par l’écologie et la biologie de la conservation, d’où il tire son origine. Les trois références les plus citées de ce corpus se situent en écologie (Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al., 2005). Les sciences agronomiques utilisent plutôt le terme de « services environnementaux », qui met l’accent sur les services rendus par l’homme à l’environnement. La place de l’Institut dans ce corpus étant très faible (1.5 %) malgré les résultats importants obtenus au cours de l’enquête réalisée début 2013 auprès des départements, il est très probable qu’un grand nombre de services soient étudiés à l’Inra sans que les chercheurs se réclament de cette notion. Le service le plus étudié est celui de production agricole. La majorité des services sont étudiés de manière isolée. Lorsqu’ils sont étudiés conjointement, les services concernés sont majoritairement des services qui agissent en synergie. Les services antagonistes sont très peu étudiés conjointement. Par conséquent, lorsque la notion de trade-off apparait dans la littérature, elle est surtout abordée de manière théorique et programmatique. En outre, elle peut concerner différents niveaux et différents objets : il peut s’agir de faire des compromis entre acteurs, ou bien entre désirs et réalité, ou bien encore entre Environnement et Humanité. Si les écosystèmes forestiers et agricoles sont parmi les écosystèmes les plus étudiés, ils le sont principalement dans leur dimension bio-physique, et très peu dans leur dimension sociale. L’idée d’étudier un socio-écosystème dans son ensemble n’est pas encore mise en oeuvre. Les problématiques de gestion des ressources naturelles sont abordées principalement par des méthodologies de l’économie classique : consentement à payer, évaluations contingentes, etc. Elles sont également très liées à un argumentaire en faveur du développement social. Tout ceci amène à penser qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la gestion des services écosystémiques est avant tout d’ordre programmatique. Cette étude met également en évidence la limite du cadre conceptuel du MEA, limite qui a déjà été pointée à de nombreuses reprises dans la littérature. Ses catégories de service sont en effet de portée limitée pour repérer les services dans la littérature et elles ne permettent pas de détecter les dysservices (entendus ici comme des dysfonctionnements des écosystèmes), qui représentent pourtant une part importante de cette littérature. Cette étude possède également des limites importantes dans la mesure où sa source de données est loin d’être exhaustive et où son travail de catégorisation n’a pas permis de lever certaines ambiguïtés thématiques. Il est en effet souvent difficile de déterminer à partir de la liste de termes s’il s’agit d’un service rendu par les écosystèmes ou d’un service rendu par l’homme (ex. : forest protection). Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que ce concept a peu été saisi par les sciences agronomiques, quand bien même de nombreuses études traitent des milieux agricoles ; qu’il est beaucoup abordé de manière programmatique et sans considérer le socio-écosystème dans son ensemble. Un grand nombre de travaux effectués à l’échelle du paysage incluent les agro-écosystèmes mais ne sont pas réalisés par les sciences agronomiques. Celles-ci ont intérêt à se placer sur ces « approches paysage » qui gagnent une place de plus en plus importante. Le développement d’une recherche intégrée sur la gestion des écosystèmes anthropisés prend donc tout son sens dans ce contexte, et un travail de sensibilisation important sera à réaliser à l’Inra pour familiariser les chercheurs avec la notion de « service écosystémique ». },
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}
En 2005, le Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) a permis de reconnaître l’importance des écosystèmes pour le bien-être humain, ainsi que la diminution d’un certain nombre de services fournis à l’homme par ces mêmes écosystèmes au cours des dernières décennies. L’agriculture est considérée comme responsable de la diminution d’un certain nombre de services, ainsi que de la biodiversité, au profit du seul service d’approvisionnement en nourriture (Carpenter et al., 2009). Elle se trouve donc aujourd’hui plus que jamais confrontée à deux impératifs qui mettent en avant sa multifonctionnalité : garantir la fourniture de biens de consommation (nourriture, bois, eau potable...) et de bénéfices sociaux (e.g. emploi) tout en préservant la capacité des écosystèmes à fournir d’autres services (purification de l’eau, régulation du climat, etc.). EcoServ est un méta-programme de recherche en construction à l’Inra afin qu’y soit développée une recherche inter-disciplinaire sur les services fournis par les écosystèmes continentaux dépendants des activités agricoles et forestières. La présente analyse a été engagée dans le cadre de sa construction, afin de connaître la place des systèmes agricoles dans la littérature sur les services écosystémiques. Ce travail de scientométrie a été guidé par quatre questions principales : quelles sont les disciplines scientifiques impliquées dans cette recherche ? Quels sont les services écosystémiques abordés dans la littérature ? Quels sont les écosystèmes étudiés ? Quelle est la place de l’Inra dans ce paysage ? Le corpus est issu de la base de données bibliographique Web of Science. Il a été construit de manière large afin d’inclure les différents synonymes de la notion de « service écosystémique ». Différentes analyses lexicales ont ensuite été réalisées pour la période postérieure au MEA (2006-2012) à l’aide de la plateforme CorTexT manager de l’Ifris et de R (R Core Team, 2012) : extractions lexicales, catégorisations de termes, calculs de fréquences, cartes de cooccurences. Les termes les plus fréquemment utilisés dans les articles de la période 1975- 2012 sont ecosystem service (39 % des documents indexés), puis ecosystem function (29 %), ecological function (14 %) et environmental service (9 %). Le terme ecosystem function dominera jusqu’en 2007 où il sera supplanté par celui de ecosystem service qui connait une progression exponentielle suite à la publication du MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003, 2005). Ce concept est particulièrement mobilisé par l’écologie et la biologie de la conservation, d’où il tire son origine. Les trois références les plus citées de ce corpus se situent en écologie (Costanza et al., 1997; Daily, 1997; Hooper et al., 2005). Les sciences agronomiques utilisent plutôt le terme de « services environnementaux », qui met l’accent sur les services rendus par l’homme à l’environnement. La place de l’Institut dans ce corpus étant très faible (1.5 %) malgré les résultats importants obtenus au cours de l’enquête réalisée début 2013 auprès des départements, il est très probable qu’un grand nombre de services soient étudiés à l’Inra sans que les chercheurs se réclament de cette notion. Le service le plus étudié est celui de production agricole. La majorité des services sont étudiés de manière isolée. Lorsqu’ils sont étudiés conjointement, les services concernés sont majoritairement des services qui agissent en synergie. Les services antagonistes sont très peu étudiés conjointement. Par conséquent, lorsque la notion de trade-off apparait dans la littérature, elle est surtout abordée de manière théorique et programmatique. En outre, elle peut concerner différents niveaux et différents objets : il peut s’agir de faire des compromis entre acteurs, ou bien entre désirs et réalité, ou bien encore entre Environnement et Humanité. Si les écosystèmes forestiers et agricoles sont parmi les écosystèmes les plus étudiés, ils le sont principalement dans leur dimension bio-physique, et très peu dans leur dimension sociale. L’idée d’étudier un socio-écosystème dans son ensemble n’est pas encore mise en oeuvre. Les problématiques de gestion des ressources naturelles sont abordées principalement par des méthodologies de l’économie classique : consentement à payer, évaluations contingentes, etc. Elles sont également très liées à un argumentaire en faveur du développement social. Tout ceci amène à penser qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la gestion des services écosystémiques est avant tout d’ordre programmatique. Cette étude met également en évidence la limite du cadre conceptuel du MEA, limite qui a déjà été pointée à de nombreuses reprises dans la littérature. Ses catégories de service sont en effet de portée limitée pour repérer les services dans la littérature et elles ne permettent pas de détecter les dysservices (entendus ici comme des dysfonctionnements des écosystèmes), qui représentent pourtant une part importante de cette littérature. Cette étude possède également des limites importantes dans la mesure où sa source de données est loin d’être exhaustive et où son travail de catégorisation n’a pas permis de lever certaines ambiguïtés thématiques. Il est en effet souvent difficile de déterminer à partir de la liste de termes s’il s’agit d’un service rendu par les écosystèmes ou d’un service rendu par l’homme (ex. : forest protection). Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent que ce concept a peu été saisi par les sciences agronomiques, quand bien même de nombreuses études traitent des milieux agricoles ; qu’il est beaucoup abordé de manière programmatique et sans considérer le socio-écosystème dans son ensemble. Un grand nombre de travaux effectués à l’échelle du paysage incluent les agro-écosystèmes mais ne sont pas réalisés par les sciences agronomiques. Celles-ci ont intérêt à se placer sur ces « approches paysage » qui gagnent une place de plus en plus importante. Le développement d’une recherche intégrée sur la gestion des écosystèmes anthropisés prend donc tout son sens dans ce contexte, et un travail de sensibilisation important sera à réaliser à l’Inra pour familiariser les chercheurs avec la notion de « service écosystémique ».
2013
Journal Articles
264.
Chavalarias, David; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Phylomemetic patterns in science evolution - the rise and fall of scientific fields Journal Article
In: PloS one, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. e54847, 2013.
@article{chavalarias2013phylomemetic,
title = {Phylomemetic patterns in science evolution - the rise and fall of scientific fields},
author = {David Chavalarias and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054847},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {e54847},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {We introduce an automated method for the bottom-up reconstruction of the cognitive evolution of science, based on big-data issued from digital libraries, and modeled as lineage relationships between scientific fields. We refer to these dynamic structures as phylomemetic networks or phylomemies, by analogy with biological evolution; and we show that they exhibit strong regularities, with clearly identifiable phylomemetic patterns. Some structural properties of the scientific fields - in particular their density -, which are defined independently of the phylomemy reconstruction, are clearly correlated with their status and their fate in the phylomemy (like their age or their short term survival). Within the framework of a quantitative epistemology, this approach raises the question of predictibility for science evolution, and sketches a prototypical life cycle of the scientific fields: an increase of their cohesion after their emergence, the renewal of their conceptual background through branching or merging events, before decaying when their density is getting too low.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We introduce an automated method for the bottom-up reconstruction of the cognitive evolution of science, based on big-data issued from digital libraries, and modeled as lineage relationships between scientific fields. We refer to these dynamic structures as phylomemetic networks or phylomemies, by analogy with biological evolution; and we show that they exhibit strong regularities, with clearly identifiable phylomemetic patterns. Some structural properties of the scientific fields - in particular their density -, which are defined independently of the phylomemy reconstruction, are clearly correlated with their status and their fate in the phylomemy (like their age or their short term survival). Within the framework of a quantitative epistemology, this approach raises the question of predictibility for science evolution, and sketches a prototypical life cycle of the scientific fields: an increase of their cohesion after their emergence, the renewal of their conceptual background through branching or merging events, before decaying when their density is getting too low.
265.
Keating, Peter; Cambrosio, Alberto; Nelson, Nicole; Mogoutov, Andrei; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Therapy’s shadow: a short history of the study of resistance to cancer chemotherapy Journal Article
In: Frontiers in pharmacology, vol. 4, pp. 58, 2013.
@article{keating2013therapy,
title = {Therapy’s shadow: a short history of the study of resistance to cancer chemotherapy},
author = {Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio and Nicole Nelson and Andrei Mogoutov and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00058},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {4},
pages = {58},
publisher = {Frontiers},
abstract = {This article traces the history of research on resistance to drug therapy in oncology using scientometric techniques and qualitative analysis. Using co-citation analysis, we generate maps to visualize subdomains in resistance research in two time periods, 1975–1990 and 1995–2010. These maps reveal two historical trends in resistance research: first, a shift in focus from generic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy to a focus on resistance to targeted therapies and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis; and second, a movement away from an almost exclusive reliance on animal and cell models and toward the generation of knowledge about resistance through clinical trial work. A close reading of highly cited articles within each subdomain cluster reveals specific points of transition from one regime to the other, in particular the failure of several promising theories of resistance to be translated into clinical insights and the emergence of interest in resistance to a new generation of targeted agents such as imatinib and trastuzumab. We argue that the study of resistance in the oncology field has thus become more integrated with research into cancer therapy – rather than constituting it as a separate domain of study, as it has done in the past, contemporary research treats resistance as the flip side to treatment, as therapy’s shadow.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article traces the history of research on resistance to drug therapy in oncology using scientometric techniques and qualitative analysis. Using co-citation analysis, we generate maps to visualize subdomains in resistance research in two time periods, 1975–1990 and 1995–2010. These maps reveal two historical trends in resistance research: first, a shift in focus from generic mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy to a focus on resistance to targeted therapies and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis; and second, a movement away from an almost exclusive reliance on animal and cell models and toward the generation of knowledge about resistance through clinical trial work. A close reading of highly cited articles within each subdomain cluster reveals specific points of transition from one regime to the other, in particular the failure of several promising theories of resistance to be translated into clinical insights and the emergence of interest in resistance to a new generation of targeted agents such as imatinib and trastuzumab. We argue that the study of resistance in the oncology field has thus become more integrated with research into cancer therapy – rather than constituting it as a separate domain of study, as it has done in the past, contemporary research treats resistance as the flip side to treatment, as therapy’s shadow.
266.
Raimbault, Benjamin; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Joly, Pierre-Benoît
Caractérisation du processus d’émergence de la biologie synthétique à partir d’une approche scientomiétrique Journal Article
In: médecine/sciences, vol. 29, pp. 47-55, 2013.
@article{raimbault2013caracterisation,
title = {Caractérisation du processus d’émergence de la biologie synthétique à partir d’une approche scientomiétrique},
author = {Benjamin Raimbault and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Pierre-Benoît Joly},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/201329s213},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {médecine/sciences},
volume = {29},
pages = {47-55},
publisher = {Éditions EDK, Groupe EDP Sciences},
abstract = {La biologie de synthèse est un espace hétérogène dont la définition n’est pas stabilisée. Elle se situe à l’intersection de différents champs disciplinaires : chimie, biologie moléculaire, bio-informatique, et est classiquement abordée par la littérature selon trois angles [1–3] : 1 une approche « DNA based device construction » (biobrick), ou approche bottom-up, focalisée sur l’ingénierie de circuits de gènes synthétiques ; 2 une approche « genome-driven cell engineering », ou approche top-down, focalisée sur la synthèse d’un génome dans son intégralité ; 3 une approche « proto-cell creation » qui vise à recréer des systèmes cellulaires minimaux, et en vertu de laquelle les recherches sont focalisées sur le principe de l’émergence, ouvertement présenté comme un obstacle par les tenants de la première approche.
},
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La biologie de synthèse est un espace hétérogène dont la définition n’est pas stabilisée. Elle se situe à l’intersection de différents champs disciplinaires : chimie, biologie moléculaire, bio-informatique, et est classiquement abordée par la littérature selon trois angles [1–3] : 1 une approche « DNA based device construction » (biobrick), ou approche bottom-up, focalisée sur l’ingénierie de circuits de gènes synthétiques ; 2 une approche « genome-driven cell engineering », ou approche top-down, focalisée sur la synthèse d’un génome dans son intégralité ; 3 une approche « proto-cell creation » qui vise à recréer des systèmes cellulaires minimaux, et en vertu de laquelle les recherches sont focalisées sur le principe de l’émergence, ouvertement présenté comme un obstacle par les tenants de la première approche.
Inproceedings
267.
Massad, D; Omodei, Elisa; Strohecker, Carol; Xu, Yiqun; Garland, Joshua; Zhang, Mengsen; Seoane, Luís F.
Unfolding History: Classification and analysis of written history as a complex system Inproceedings
In: Complex Systems Summer School Proceedings, 2013.
@inproceedings{massad2013unfolding,
title = {Unfolding History: Classification and analysis of written history as a complex system},
author = {D Massad and Elisa Omodei and Carol Strohecker and Yiqun Xu and Joshua Garland and Mengsen Zhang and Luís F. Seoane},
url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Unfolding-History-%3A-Classification-and-analysis-of-Massad-Omodei/909983164867fd53a1d934e13c1cd6a4b6c51ba3},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Complex Systems Summer School Proceedings},
abstract = {Before writing, chronicles were told by word of mouth. They conveyed information of important historic events that could readily be mixed up with legends–or become them. Chronicles needed to be easily accessible for people to pass them along, and stories lived on in listeners’ short memories. This collective, ever-waning awareness was the technology that kept the tales extant, and this technology required a continuous effort in reminding people never to forget. This way of keeping stories alive also imposed important constrains on the kind and form of the narrative material. Breathtaking epics were perhaps more likely to survive, which could easily tend toward mystification of pre-historic characters. These epics had to be kept in the form of repetitive, easy-to-learn patterns. It comes as a pleasant surprise for us that diverse ancient poems take similar},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Before writing, chronicles were told by word of mouth. They conveyed information of important historic events that could readily be mixed up with legends–or become them. Chronicles needed to be easily accessible for people to pass them along, and stories lived on in listeners’ short memories. This collective, ever-waning awareness was the technology that kept the tales extant, and this technology required a continuous effort in reminding people never to forget. This way of keeping stories alive also imposed important constrains on the kind and form of the narrative material. Breathtaking epics were perhaps more likely to survive, which could easily tend toward mystification of pre-historic characters. These epics had to be kept in the form of repetitive, easy-to-learn patterns. It comes as a pleasant surprise for us that diverse ancient poems take similar
268.
Bahi-Jaber, Narges; Mogoutov, Andrei; Elmhiri, Ghada; Abdennebi-Najar, Latifa
Animal models and fetal programming: an integrative literature approach Inproceedings
In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 8th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, pp. 54-55, 2013.
@inproceedings{park20138th,
title = {Animal models and fetal programming: an integrative literature approach},
author = {Narges Bahi-Jaber and Andrei Mogoutov and Ghada Elmhiri and Latifa Abdennebi-Najar},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Venkata_Malakapalli/publication/311847383_Modelling_developmental_origins_of_adult_based_diseases_obesity_using_mesenchymal_stem_-_cellular_molecular_and_functional_approaches/links/585d476308aebf17d38a31b8/Modelling-developmental-origins-of-adult-based-diseases-obesity-using-mesenchymal-stem-cellular-molecular-and-functional-approaches.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
urldate = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 8th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease},
journal = {Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {54-55},
abstract = {Despite the substantial epidemiological evidence for foetal origins of adult disease, there are intrinsic limitations in long-term retrospective studies. Some aspects can, however, be focused on by using the controlled conditions afforded by animal models, a number of which have been developed to study this in utero programming phenomenon. Animal models allow study of the pathophysiology of disease, and afford a means to study the underlying biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms, whilst they cannot be used entirely as a substitute for the study of human diseases. Analysing the contribution of animal models in our understanding of foetal programming as well as their limits requires a systematic review of the existing literature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Despite the substantial epidemiological evidence for foetal origins of adult disease, there are intrinsic limitations in long-term retrospective studies. Some aspects can, however, be focused on by using the controlled conditions afforded by animal models, a number of which have been developed to study this in utero programming phenomenon. Animal models allow study of the pathophysiology of disease, and afford a means to study the underlying biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms, whilst they cannot be used entirely as a substitute for the study of human diseases. Analysing the contribution of animal models in our understanding of foetal programming as well as their limits requires a systematic review of the existing literature.
2012
Journal Articles
269.
Parasie, Sylvain; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
La presse en ligne au service de la démocratie locale, une analyse morphologique de forums politiques Journal Article
In: Revue Française de Science Politique, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 45-70, 2012.
@article{Parasie2012b,
title = {La presse en ligne au service de la démocratie locale, une analyse morphologique de forums politiques},
author = {Sylvain Parasie and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.621.0045},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-02-01},
journal = {Revue Française de Science Politique},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {45-70},
abstract = {Les sciences sociales dressent souvent un constat critique du rôle que joue la presse dans la vie politique locale. À travers une analyse statistique et lexicométrique de forums web mis en place par La Voix du Nord à l’occasion des élections municipales de 2008, cet article montre qu’une organisation de presse peut tirer parti du web pour modifier le rôle qu’elle joue dans les espaces démocratiques locaux. Pour ce faire, il montre que la prise de parole se déploie en ligne d’une façon spécifique selon la morphologie des communes. En proposant des espaces de discussion en ligne, le journal joue le rôle d’un « voile » dans les petites communes mettant en suspens les identités dans un contexte d’interconnaissance et d’un « catalyseur » dans les communes moyennes favorisant l’émergence d’une opinion locale.},
keywords = {},
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}
Les sciences sociales dressent souvent un constat critique du rôle que joue la presse dans la vie politique locale. À travers une analyse statistique et lexicométrique de forums web mis en place par La Voix du Nord à l’occasion des élections municipales de 2008, cet article montre qu’une organisation de presse peut tirer parti du web pour modifier le rôle qu’elle joue dans les espaces démocratiques locaux. Pour ce faire, il montre que la prise de parole se déploie en ligne d’une façon spécifique selon la morphologie des communes. En proposant des espaces de discussion en ligne, le journal joue le rôle d’un « voile » dans les petites communes mettant en suspens les identités dans un contexte d’interconnaissance et d’un « catalyseur » dans les communes moyennes favorisant l’émergence d’une opinion locale.
270.
Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Mogoutov, Andrei; Bourret, Pascale; Abed, Rim El; Cambrosio, Alberto
Les réseaux de l’expression génique - Émergence et développement d’un domaine clé de la génomique Journal Article
In: médecine/sciences, vol. 28, pp. 7–13, 2012.
@article{cointet2012reseaux,
title = {Les réseaux de l’expression génique - Émergence et développement d’un domaine clé de la génomique},
author = {Jean-Philippe Cointet and Andrei Mogoutov and Pascale Bourret and Rim El Abed and Alberto Cambrosio},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2012281s104},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {médecine/sciences},
volume = {28},
pages = {7--13},
publisher = {Éditions EDK, Groupe EDP Sciences},
abstract = {Cet article analyse l’émergence et le développement d’un des domaines clés de la génomique, celui de l’expression génique (gene expression profiling), en utilisant des méthodes d’analyse informatisée et de cartographie du contenu des publications scientifiques. Les résultats de cette analyse détaillent le rôle central joué par l’oncologie dans le développement de ce domaine de recherche. Des démonstrations de principe utilisant un organisme modèle végétal ont rapidement débouché sur des preuves de l’utilité de cette approche dans le cas des hémopathies malignes et des applications dans le domaine des tumeurs solides, notamment les cancers du sein. L’étude met également en relief l’importance de la bioinformatique et des biostatistiques comme conditions de possibilité de ce type de recherches, qui s’imposent dès lors comme le troisième pôle, en plus du laboratoire et de la clinique, du triangle de la recherche translationnelle.},
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Cet article analyse l’émergence et le développement d’un des domaines clés de la génomique, celui de l’expression génique (gene expression profiling), en utilisant des méthodes d’analyse informatisée et de cartographie du contenu des publications scientifiques. Les résultats de cette analyse détaillent le rôle central joué par l’oncologie dans le développement de ce domaine de recherche. Des démonstrations de principe utilisant un organisme modèle végétal ont rapidement débouché sur des preuves de l’utilité de cette approche dans le cas des hémopathies malignes et des applications dans le domaine des tumeurs solides, notamment les cancers du sein. L’étude met également en relief l’importance de la bioinformatique et des biostatistiques comme conditions de possibilité de ce type de recherches, qui s’imposent dès lors comme le troisième pôle, en plus du laboratoire et de la clinique, du triangle de la recherche translationnelle.
271.
Parasie, Sylvain; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; O’Mahony, Michael
Online press serving local democracy Journal Article
In: Revue française de science politique, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 45–70, 2012.
@article{parasie2012online,
title = {Online press serving local democracy},
author = {Sylvain Parasie and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Michael O’Mahony},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.621.0045},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Revue française de science politique},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {45--70},
publisher = {Presses de Sciences Po},
abstract = {For decades, research has been quite sceptical towards the role journalism plays in local political life. This article shows that news organizations can take advantage of the web to play a new role in local democratic arenas. Based on a statistical and lexicometric analysis of online forums set up by a French regional newspaper (La Voix du Nord), this study shows how the morphology of municipalities impacts the way online discussion unfolds. In providing such online discussion arenas to citizens, the news organization plays the part of a “veil” in small cities – playing down the effects of strong acquaintanceship among individuals – and the part of a “catalyst” in medium-sized cities – promoting the rise of local opinion.},
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For decades, research has been quite sceptical towards the role journalism plays in local political life. This article shows that news organizations can take advantage of the web to play a new role in local democratic arenas. Based on a statistical and lexicometric analysis of online forums set up by a French regional newspaper (La Voix du Nord), this study shows how the morphology of municipalities impacts the way online discussion unfolds. In providing such online discussion arenas to citizens, the news organization plays the part of a “veil” in small cities – playing down the effects of strong acquaintanceship among individuals – and the part of a “catalyst” in medium-sized cities – promoting the rise of local opinion.
Inproceedings
272.
Schoen, Antoine; Villard, Lionel; Laurens, Patricia; Cointet, Jean-Philippe; Heimeriks, Gaston; Alkemade, Floortje
The Network Structure of Technological Developments; Technological Distance as a Walk on the Technology Map Inproceedings
In: 17th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators, pp. 733-742, 2012.
@inproceedings{Schoen2012,
title = {The Network Structure of Technological Developments; Technological Distance as a Walk on the Technology Map},
author = {Antoine Schoen and Lionel Villard and Patricia Laurens and Jean-Philippe Cointet and Gaston Heimeriks and Floortje Alkemade},
url = {https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48332739.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-09-01},
booktitle = {17th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators},
pages = {733-742},
abstract = {This paper presents a global map of technology that characterises the proximity and dependency of technological areas. It addresses the structure of technological output embodied in the network connecting patents to the patent classifications that they are attributed to. The distance between areas of technology is based on the analysis of the co-occurrence of IPC codes assigned to individual patent documents. As our classification of technologies we use an extended version of the WIPO classification of technological fields, unfolding the 35 classes to 389. The global map allows to ‘overlay’ patents produced by a specific organisation or country against the background of a stable representation of global technological invention and to produce comparisons that are visually attractive, very readable, and potentially useful for policy-making and strategic management. As an illustration, the technological portfolios of two large industrial corporations (IBM and BASF) are projected on this global map of technology, highlighting the technological profile of these groups. As such, the map can provide valuable information about promising areas of further technological development, comparative advantages and missing technological competences. },
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This paper presents a global map of technology that characterises the proximity and dependency of technological areas. It addresses the structure of technological output embodied in the network connecting patents to the patent classifications that they are attributed to. The distance between areas of technology is based on the analysis of the co-occurrence of IPC codes assigned to individual patent documents. As our classification of technologies we use an extended version of the WIPO classification of technological fields, unfolding the 35 classes to 389. The global map allows to ‘overlay’ patents produced by a specific organisation or country against the background of a stable representation of global technological invention and to produce comparisons that are visually attractive, very readable, and potentially useful for policy-making and strategic management. As an illustration, the technological portfolios of two large industrial corporations (IBM and BASF) are projected on this global map of technology, highlighting the technological profile of these groups. As such, the map can provide valuable information about promising areas of further technological development, comparative advantages and missing technological competences.
273.
Barbier, Marc; Cointet, Jean-Philippe
Reconstruction of Socio-Semantic Dynamics in Sciences-Society Networks: Methodology and Epistemology of large textual corpora analysis Inproceedings
In: Science and Democracy Network, Annual Meeting, 2012.
@inproceedings{barbier2012reconstruction,
title = {Reconstruction of Socio-Semantic Dynamics in Sciences-Society Networks: Methodology and Epistemology of large textual corpora analysis},
author = {Marc Barbier and Jean-Philippe Cointet},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261774173_Reconstruction_of_Socio-Semantic_Dynamics_in_Sciences-Society_Networks_Methodology_and_Epistemology_of_large_textual_corpora_analysis_Communication_to_the_Science_and_Democracy_Network_Annual_Meeting_},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
booktitle = {Science and Democracy Network, Annual Meeting},
abstract = {Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of texts, archives, interviews, etc. The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge from a Science & Technology Studies point of view are changed too, for at least three reasons: • the deluge of electronic sources of data overloads our capacity of enquiry, • S&TS dynamics now intertwine heterogeneous actors, matters of facts and matters of concerns coming from different arenas call for an integrated understanding of knowledge production and circulation. • Nevertheless, new digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues.},
keywords = {},
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}
Until recent time, the description, light-modeling and interpretation of socio-cognitive dynamics of science-society relations required a constructivist approach, involving collecting, reading, classifying and interpreting tasks performed by scholars examining sets of texts, archives, interviews, etc. The growing mass of data produced in the so-called Knowledge Society owes a lot to the acceleration and profusion of digital tools that are now widely used in different areas of human activities: work, culture, leisure, political expression, etc. Social scientists now largely acknowledge that the various modes of interaction brought by new information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of micro-politics and the expression of the self. In our views the conditions for producing knowledge from a Science & Technology Studies point of view are changed too, for at least three reasons: • the deluge of electronic sources of data overloads our capacity of enquiry, • S&TS dynamics now intertwine heterogeneous actors, matters of facts and matters of concerns coming from different arenas call for an integrated understanding of knowledge production and circulation. • Nevertheless, new digital infrastructures specifically designed for social sciences and humanities make it possible to equip scientists with tools that enable them to tackle the complexity of heterogeneous textual corpora dynamics and to develop innovative analytical methodologies that will bring new insights and renewed capacities to investigate contemporary issues.
2011
Books
274.
Demortain, David
Scientists and the Regulation of Risk: Standardising Control Book
Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated, 2011, ISBN: 9781849809443.
@book{Demortain2011,
title = {Scientists and the Regulation of Risk: Standardising Control},
author = {David Demortain},
url = {https://books.google.fr/books?id=yzHDiMfTtuwC},
isbn = {9781849809443},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-10-01},
urldate = {2011-10-01},
publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated},
abstract = {Risks are increasingly regulated by international standards, and scientists play a key role in standardisation. This fascinating book exposes the action of "invisible colleges" of scientists –loose groups of prominent scientific experts who combine practical experience of risk and control with advisory responsibility – in the formulation of international standards. Drawing upon the domains of medicines, "novel foods" and food hygiene, the author investigates new regulatory concepts emerging from invisible colleges, highlighting how they shape consensus and pave the way for international standards. He explores the relationship between science and regulation from theoretic and historic perspectives, and illustrates how scientific experts integrate regulatory actors in commonly agreed modes of control and structures of regulatory responsibilities. Sociological and political implications are also discussed. Using innovative methodologies and an extensive insight into food and pharmaceutical regulation, this book will provide a much-needed reference tool for scholars and students in a range of fields encompassing science and technology studies, public policy, risk and environmental regulation, and transnational governance.},
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Risks are increasingly regulated by international standards, and scientists play a key role in standardisation. This fascinating book exposes the action of "invisible colleges" of scientists –loose groups of prominent scientific experts who combine practical experience of risk and control with advisory responsibility – in the formulation of international standards. Drawing upon the domains of medicines, "novel foods" and food hygiene, the author investigates new regulatory concepts emerging from invisible colleges, highlighting how they shape consensus and pave the way for international standards. He explores the relationship between science and regulation from theoretic and historic perspectives, and illustrates how scientific experts integrate regulatory actors in commonly agreed modes of control and structures of regulatory responsibilities. Sociological and political implications are also discussed. Using innovative methodologies and an extensive insight into food and pharmaceutical regulation, this book will provide a much-needed reference tool for scholars and students in a range of fields encompassing science and technology studies, public policy, risk and environmental regulation, and transnational governance.
2010
Inproceedings
275.
Tari, Thomas; Barbier, Marc; Breucker, Philippe
Characterising dynamics of new sciences through project collaborations: a project-based scientometrica insight into French bioenergies research Inproceedings
In: 3. European Network of Indicators Designers Conference: STI Indicators for Policymaking and Strategic Decisions. 2010-03-032010-03-05, Paris, FRA, 2010.
@inproceedings{tari2010characterising,
title = {Characterising dynamics of new sciences through project collaborations: a project-based scientometrica insight into French bioenergies research},
author = {Thomas Tari and Marc Barbier and Philippe Breucker},
url = {http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=FR2014006818},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
booktitle = {3. European Network of Indicators Designers Conference: STI Indicators for Policymaking and Strategic Decisions. 2010-03-032010-03-05, Paris, FRA},
abstract = {This communication proposes to discuss the construction of methodological requirements on databases building and software development, and aspires to show some concrete results in visualising heterogeneous networks of research dynamics considered through projects ecology. Our reflection is grounded in the growing needs, either for decision makers or researchers of the STS and SPS communities to relay their analysis of facts on a convenient visualisation of structural relationships between heterogeneous actants. Their configuration in dedicated databases is worthy to focus on as they reflect the endogenous dynamics of research and R&D activities. Our hypothesis is that the aims, perimeter, contents and selected projects of funding programmes represent a relevant account of the un-going technological and scientific dynamic on the one hand, and a relevant account of the mobilization and choices of scientific communities and science policy “makers” on the other hand. Those configurations rely firmly on spatial-based organizations, mixing European, national and regional scales in formal and informal clusters. Our perspective in the CorTexT Platform of IFRIS is to enrich the studies of sciences dynamics on customized databases of research and R&D projects that represent through territories performative associations of laboratories, scientific teams, R&D firms and lead-users. },
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This communication proposes to discuss the construction of methodological requirements on databases building and software development, and aspires to show some concrete results in visualising heterogeneous networks of research dynamics considered through projects ecology. Our reflection is grounded in the growing needs, either for decision makers or researchers of the STS and SPS communities to relay their analysis of facts on a convenient visualisation of structural relationships between heterogeneous actants. Their configuration in dedicated databases is worthy to focus on as they reflect the endogenous dynamics of research and R&D activities. Our hypothesis is that the aims, perimeter, contents and selected projects of funding programmes represent a relevant account of the un-going technological and scientific dynamic on the one hand, and a relevant account of the mobilization and choices of scientific communities and science policy “makers” on the other hand. Those configurations rely firmly on spatial-based organizations, mixing European, national and regional scales in formal and informal clusters. Our perspective in the CorTexT Platform of IFRIS is to enrich the studies of sciences dynamics on customized databases of research and R&D projects that represent through territories performative associations of laboratories, scientific teams, R&D firms and lead-users.
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS THAT HAVE USED CORTEXT MANAGER
(Sources: Google Scholar, HAL, Scopus, WOS and search engines)
We are grateful that you have found CorText Manager useful. Over the years, you have been more than 640 authors to trust CorText for your publicly accessible analyzes. This represents a little less than 10% of CorText Manager user’s community. So, thank you!
We seek to understand how the scientific production that used CorText Manager has evolved and to characterise it. You will find here our analysis of this scientific production.
| What types of documents? |
|---|
| What types of documents? |
| 133 journal articles |
| 37 conference proceedings |
| 22 reports |
| 18 Ph.D. thesis |
| 15 book chapters |
| 14 conference (not in proceedings) |
| 14 online articles |
| 9 masters thesis |
| 6 workshop |
| 4 book |
| 2 miscellaneous |
| 1 proceedings |
| Main peer-reviewed journals |
|---|
| Main peer-reviewed journals |
| Scientometrics |
| Réseaux |
| Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances |
| PloS one |
| médecine/sciences |
| Poetics |
| Journal of Rural Studies |
| Sustainable Agriculture Reviews |
| Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |
| Sustainable Production and Consumption |
